Antibiotic use and resistance: How did we get here and where are we headed? - Dr. Peter Davies, University of Minnesota, from the 2016 Minnesota Pork Congress, January 18 - 20, 2016, Minneapolis, MN, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-minnesota-pork-congress

1. Peter Davies BVSc, PhD
Professor, Swine Health and Production
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Minnesota
Antibiotic use and resistance
How did we get here and where
are we headed?

2. Antibiotic resistance a global crisis
Projected annual deaths by 2050

3. The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis
 Antibiotics are ‘miracle’ drugs
 Efficacy of antibiotics is declining
 Modern medicine is dependent on antibiotic use
 A tribute to medical advancement
 Modern agriculture is dependent on antibiotic
use
 A condemnation of agricultural practices

4. We know…
 Ab use leads to resistance in any setting
 The contribution of Ab use in animals is >0
 Greater abuse in other arenas is not an
argument for ‘injudicious’ use
 Lack of ‘proof’ of harm is not an argument for
‘injudicious’ use
 Removal of growth promotants
 Proof of harm vs. philosophically defensible

5. National Action Plan to Combat
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
 Slow the Development of Resistant Bacteria and
Prevent the Spread of Resistant Infections
 Strengthen National One-Health Surveillance Efforts
to Combat Resistance
STEWARDSHIP
SURVEILLANCE

6. Need to measure antibiotic use in
food animals
 National Action Plan for Combatting Antibiotic
Resistant Bacteria
 Government agencies: measure impact of regulations
 FDA guidances 209/213
 Consumer groups/ politicians seeking stricter
regulation
 EU directive to harmonize antibiotic use measurement
 Efforts to monitor and benchmark end users (farmer,
veterinarian)
 Customer demands for assurances related to judicious
antibiotic use in the supply chain

7. The spectrum of defensibility
 Growth promotion/OTC not philosophically
defensible regardless of evidence of harm
 Defense of disease prevention will require
proof of benefit to animal health and welfare
Individual
treatment
of clinically
affected pigs
Batch medication
of healthy and
affected pigs
in outbreaks
‘Routine’
preventive
medication of
clinically healthy
pigs
‘Production”
Uses

8. Appropriate use – who decides?
 Industry has good record of stewardship
 PQA plus
 Reduction in residues
 Evidence vs opinion based?
 Self-regulation?
 Research on antibiotic use: efficacy and
resistance
 Many players wanting to define ‘appropriate’
for food animal vets and producers