ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΜΑΓΝΗΤΙΚΗ ΕΠΑΓΩΓΗ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΑΚΗ ΦΥΣΙΚΗ YOUNG ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 30

1. TF
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ANAJ]APAIOIHI
t-Jarc
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2. . 'Orqv
F€rtr0dltrsrqr rl FqlrrryDni po{ rou 8rqr€pvd
dvoxkror6 nixL<opcgendyowcr 4lexrpelcpuroi drivolrq
xor peiipo, lfpgovo ge rov v6go rou Faraday q IIEA
xor o pu0p6g prafiohiq qg poyr'{rraig porig eivor
noor5rrprrgforg xar' orr6lwq rrg{.
. -Orov
dvqgoyoydq xrv€irqr o€poyvqrrx6 ne6io, 4
€utry6ps'{ HEA Fropei vtr eppqvewei oov arordLeogc
r4q pop'qrrx{q 6rivo1u1qnou ooxrilor olo xrvofluvo
Eopric rou oyr,ryori.
. lrnrgovq us rov vtiFo rou Lenz, lo rucy<ipwo paiyo
dxernriwore r6rorc qropd(iqr€ vo ol'trri0eror mrl
prro$otrri r4g po1'wtruoig porig rou ro rpo{dfuot.
. Kd0t xpound F€rapoM6pwo poywlrrx<i uedio euriyer
gr16ror4prlrrxd qtra<rprxd u6io. Kaprd otcr rx{
roravopri rpopriou 6evpnopei vc 84luouppioer rdloro
4fuxrprxri ue6io.
. Xpovu.6 Fcrq0qlldluvo palv4rrxd ne6ia endyouv
xuxfuxri peripcra oecyoiplo ufuxri uou ovopti(oupe
6rvopaip<rro.
o Or 0epehci6ergoxdoerqrou 4lexrpopoyv4rropof
luroporiv vc ouvoqncnofv pe xoprp6 rp6no orrg rdooeprg
efrot6oergrou Maxwell.
f I rov prllereprcraodto oro pdyvry6cpovoyrdvdxlv oxofosrsperIV
! l t
-t Tlouxtcocs,ovoQrDTLrfirpeJroroxQoJroJroQcYrx0r,Ipouor?{l0.fiollv
torvfo;H rrtrnQoqoQfos(vorofioOlxrutrdvlotIVxow(ooErroldpuxQtS
l.rdyvlxropdvrsnsQroxdE(rqErdEqEtou0,001mln{ 1pn).Merondpaopcr
o,uxdvxovfuxQooxomli6vFoyvlx6vofidxlv 'ieqotr{ovarrcQoyoy4g
€fldyowolQ€lil,rdxo,fiou€vloxfowdr,up(orovrdrrmEeQyoo(oxor€Lodyo{or
or(rIXe(0,{ or0 0llouorrxd.
Ao16nouooppo(velofllv]isgotr{cvoroQoy(Dy{Eefval6vn
rroQd8€LytroItrElrxQoFdyvlxrxliE€xrdycDyriE:KdesXQovLlrdprxopotrtrdFsvo
Foyvl{Lxdfis6(ofiQoxotrsiltrsxxQr?rciqerlpooexdxtrcopa,otdpqror ov 6rv
urrdQxsrpnoxoQ(o,rj ti),),qcpovep{rTly{IlertQrysQtlx{gSdvcpqg(HEA).
OrxeqatrdErouo6qyor36(oxor"roeurotroyLoxlibropd(ouvt-rrrov i6torQdrro
xrErrtrIQogoQ(€ExrouE(vdLFdyvlflltti cnoorlxeupdvegotov6foro.
Xroxeqdtrcr,oour6elerti(ouperrlvrll,exrqeyegr,xrjSdvoprlrou
JrQor{,otrodvorla}2?a24iEotrtrqtrsJT[8Qdoer,g.Ol frayvlrrxd€roydF€v€E
rltrextgeyeptlxdg6ovdperEe(voruns{iOuveE.1lorq trenoupy(ono}.trr6v
sqdQrnprdrovor orlyXqovorltrenrqLXdo'uoflltloxorox{oE,6n0rEe(voLor
yew{rQlrg,o[ psxcoxT]porrordsror orxrvrl'niQrE.ALqdra ouorrjploro6ev0o
rjrav8uvcrtivo undqlouv,edvdrpefi€vo pooloxotp€osXl'lturcdErqydE
l),€?crQ€y€Qrrx{E6rjvoprlE,dnoEe(voLor frroroQ(sE.
To xevrpnt60dpcourof rou1.(€qdtro.(outwat,o vdpoErouFaraday.
Aor<iEo v<iproEouvbd€rr"4vsrroydpsvqHEA per'4tlsropotrLdp€v'4troyvlrrxrj
Qo{o€dvdpqd1o,rou ouxvde(vordvd}i},elordxrjxtrorpro.MetreropeerioqE
xov6lrcxouLenz,rou tlos|3olod€rvo rrQo0tr6rfouli€rl qoQdrns
€fioydFevrlEHEA xdrrouQsdpoxoE.Aurdro xecprilioro€rodysLxlgguoLX6E
oQXdSfiouojrorrotwoLyrovo ?(orovo{ooupexI trer,rouqy(aouoneuc'-rv
pexoxQorlliEEVdQy€rog,drr(Osl vrlrripeg,yewrjrprsEl.idrF€rooxlpoxrotdE.
En(oqg,nqoerorpdlerro d8atpoEyrorlv ovdtruolxovrllsxrpoproyvlrrxdv
xur.rdrovoroKrotitralo33. I
838

3. 3O.I TIEIPAMATAEILA.TOTHE
3O-T IIEIPAMATA EIIAf QI.H):
Kcrd rr16r,dpxelcrlg beroer(ogrol 1830o MichaelFaraday(Mtiutl,<Dtipcwei)orlv
A1'yl"(cxcuo JosephHenry(T(rlletpXdvgl,o lgrirog 6lel0uvr(grouIvotlroftou
Smithsonian)mq HvrrrprdvrgIlo),nefegqg Apeqr,xrig,rixovovno).)"dnpoxonoptcxci:rrr-
priparapegcyvlrLxrigencldlrevrlHEA.ToX1.30-1beilperpeqrxrircgcbe(.1pcrc.2ro
)1. 30-1advcnrlvioo'uvbderor,pe'yatrBovdpsrpo.Ora.vo pclv{rqgnol pploxerctxowci
oronlvio eivorcx(v4rog,6evnepvderperjpconriro lalpcvtipetgo.Aur66evpcEex-
n),{ooer,proror 6evrnriplerrlyrj HEAmo xrjx},clpc.Orcvriporgpercxlvrloouperov
poTvrirl,qdQvowriErovmoxowtl,{ cnopcxgrlvorrciErovcndro n1vio,r<ftero'yatrBo-
v6perpo6efper6rrrepvrinplipo moxfxLltpa,p6t'oxal6.'t16uipxelcn1gxivrlolgrorr
palvr]r1.Av lponjoouprecx(vrlrorov purlv{r4xal petcrxwriooupero qvio pero yotrBc-
vdtrrerpo,noporqporjpexarrd).rllsxrqLxciqeripcxurdn18urigxelcqg rivrlorlg.Toperi-
poourdovopd[€rdr.ecoyripevoqeripoxaL1 cwimolp HEAnor cncnelrcryr.cvo ro
rponal6osrovopdlraueraldpev1HEA.
(a) il (b)
'Cil (c)
e r--:fl
30-l (a)
'EvcE
[o A,rirlEr{our[ve[ro[ irQo(,rlvio ouvEebepdvopreyclpavdFEipoErdy€rd.€tilQrrd QE{uo
orodrlvio.Kard qv onopdliQuvorllou [ol,,iq cro ro nqvio,ro e:rcryopevo ge pc exELclrioeq qo,oti.
(b)'Evq b€irspo'ilvio, io onoio6rdpQierdrcridQef[c, riNefrolrQo(ro:qvio roo eivcrouvoebepdvo
peTo lclpovriperpo xcu€ridy€rpsiFq o€drid. K.fid qv coropdrQuvorlrou evdg,rlviorJo,rdio dl,lo ro
€rll-rld[€voQei[q dX€rr4vowi0eq qopd. (c)
'Ordv
r].€io€ro brordtirlE,dvo[etcrpol]d1tevoQef[c,
oro eocorepLntimlvioendyeLperjpooro1cl,pov6[ErQorioueilcLouvDebepdvopeto ci),].oqvfo.
2ro XX.30-1bcrvnxc0lo,orjperov pclvrjrrlpedvo6er'repon1vio,ouv6sbsp6vope
pnoragfc.Orcvro ierimgonlvio eivcLcx[vr1ro,6evnepvdelgeipaondro npc6ro.
Orov,dptoE,perczLvrjoorpero 6eriregonrlvioqdgvovrcEro nroxovrdrlamponptivo-
vrdEro ord ro nqc,iro,i drovpero.xLvrjoolpero ngc6ronlvio peol"riotollorpdnoorE
rgogro 6eire.oo,rdrero n.oc'irorqvfo8Lcqqdercr,cn6qsripc,alld xoundh pulvom1v
repfnrolo4nol ro dvcr4r,iorrveirortognpogro dl"l.o.
Tel.rzti,lplorponol6vrag148rdralrlrtov6{o n1v(rrrvror 11.30-1c,xpcroriprrro
6io n1v(ncxfv1rcxa,rperaBdllorpLeto pe{pcoroOetirepor1vio,eitecvoilovragrcl
"e(vovtcgtov 6roxdnq,e(reperapd),lowcgl1v cvr(orcoqR (perov 6lczd:n1xl.er,-
ord).Alrd rou rogcqqotlpeefvorot rc0rigcvoi.lolperjrd"ei:r,oupLerov6r.cx6m1unti,o-
Xerdva-<mlyplc[oEnclpriggerjpcroEoTonpc6toxr3n]"orpo.)rqv ne.oinrcoolperopo].tjg
14gawiorcolg (xcr,rigc ror.rperlpcrog)oro6erireponrlvfo,roqcrqpodpeeno.ldpevo
peipc oronq6rox{xkopc, privo6pogrcrd 116ui.oxeropercpo},rigrol .oeuparoEoTo
6eftegozrlx)'orpc.
frc va6leperrvrjooupeneproodmpora rorvrioqpe[anol nsqL]'appdvowuloTlgrc-
pandvoncpcqprjoerE,0oelerdoorpsptal.enropegdmeqloeLgdner,paprirovpeq 6ld-
rcEl nounapolord(erro 11.30-2.llv8dolge dvonqvlopeyc],Bcvriperpozcl ro rono-
geroipLecvdpeooorouEnciLouErvdElLezrgopalvrjrq.To pclvqrlxdrs6iorol llexrgo-
pclvrjr4propeivo petapdl.l.eror.@crraqarqgrjooupercrelrjE:
1.
'Orcw
ollexrqopc.lvrjllE6ev8lcqgderalonripei;ro,rdreB = 0xarto Tsl.povdpe-
rpo6eixvsrrftl6evnepvder,perlpa.
839
3G-2
'Orav
ro ne6ioB sivqr
oiooeQdrq[ro ot{po rol I 060l
roun4viou6evpetcpri).l,owcl,6ev
unriplelenaydpevopeipo. Peipo
flrclexor oTl! n€QUTTooIJrou
FeioPtrl0eionoroob{Jioisord
01rio1rglouErroQcrYoyi€E.

4. 840 KEOAAAIO 30 HAEKTPOMATNHTIKII EIIATOTH
2.
'Orcv
o lLexrqopcyvrirlgreOefoe].elrorp1[c,dvaorlyplcfo1].exrglxrignipcnrg-
vrieLo16ro 1c),Bcv6psxQoka06qauEdvrrroB.
3.
'Orcv
ro -BanoxnioslpLcnrc0eprjrLpr{,ro qerjpcp16ev(ercl6oope^yd},oxr,cv e(-
vo.rro-8.
4. Ar.uqqrivrcgro n1v(ooro ogl(fulo rn(ne6oro ncqapoqgrivouprrriorevc perlOeI
1 err.qtirerdror. To yc)'portipetpoovty"ttitt pxtgaxard rq 6d.pxeLanlg napa-
p6pptoolg.Encvcq6povrcgro nqvioorocplLxdrouopjpa rcpoqpodpre,xc0tiE
mldvel q enlgriveldror-r,perjpapea.w[0eqqogri.
5. Av oTpdrpolpero qvfo xcrri pepr,x6Epolqegyripocnriopr,[dwr,od[ova,to 1a]"po-
vdperqocvllveieugti1ta,xal6 t16lriprelc qE negrrgoqrig,nol d1er,r1vi6lc qo-
Ei peounjvnol e[1ctircv e]'arrovdrcv1 enlqdverc.ror.rrqv[or. Oravcvrlmgd-
rl.rolpe116r,c6r,xco(cylc va.ro encva.qdgotrpeorqvcgl,xrj ror 06o1,avllvniercl
qeilpcpeqv cwiOenlpoQdxordq 6rdQrer,cqgnegr,orgoqriE.
6. Av rgcpriloupero n4v(oandropaxal ro Byil.otrpean6ro ;rc1vr1rlx6ne6(o,0anc-
QorlQriooupeQelj1loxorrin1ilcigneuaqE xw1o1gpe14qogtinoue[1edrcvelcr-
TovdTo.vI erlqdvsr0Tourlvaou
7. Av peuioolperovcqr,0p6rorvnegmlfteclvoronqvfolea].i^yowagprarjirrqmocire-
peEcndou6E,ncpmlporipe,xcrtiq 8ldqxelarotrleru),,[1;rcrog,qeripcpr n1qoqci
noue(1erirorrel.omov6rcv1 erlqdven.Av rul.(olpe xc,r,dl,lo orippcoro:r1vuo,
r6re0anoqaqq{ooupeperipapeawi0etl popri.
8.
'Orcv
anoou6doorperovrllexrpopcyrnjrl,napcr4.oorjpeoTr,rlpr"aioperipopeqopri
cvr[0er1cn6aunjvnotre[1edravrovOdrcpeoeleltoug^yfa.
9.
'Ooo
rcyirepayfveLonolcb{norecnring cllal6g audg,rr5ooneqr,oodrepoqeripc
dlcqgdelro nqvfo.
10. Av ercvckiBolpe6)rcotrtdrc neqtipcrcpen1v[onotrdleLro (6Looxipc,alki ei-
voLtcrcoreuoopdvoonti6r,agopetlxiulrlxtixcr,dlel Elcqoqerulricvriorcol, ro
qe{pc0o eivcr,,oexd0erepimooq,cl"nmp6cpcrrEcvd},oyor1go}"r,mjEcr.'r(oroo4E
rol xuxl,c6pcroE.Arrd 6r(XvrrdrLor,rfla^ydpevsgHEAfiou6qpu,or-rp^yorivro pniga
6evelopnt6r',rolorri to rl"r,xdrotrnlviou,alld privocn6ro ofipc ror xcl cndro
pcyvlrr.x6re6[o.
To norvdororleiooedl.aaurdro nelpriporae[vcr,1 per,aBa),,]n61ttqpaTurpxrj
porjQ" yftaaan6rc rqv[o. Kdveredvcvd]"e11ortovnopondvoJroQdrrlqioeovyrovo ro
enr,peBcloioere.)rjpgrovo,perovvtipoencyoyjgrotrFaraday,noue[vor,to Odgrorouerri-
prevous6opiou,oedl,eEcwdgu,gxoraordoer,E11enaldper.4HEAeivclavril.oylrouqr0-
potjp*aBo),tjEr1gltoTl1rrlrliEQo{EOsnotr8ucnegrdro ridr}.rrrpcror q cpopdqE enali-
pev4EHEAe[optritor.ondro cv q po( clldvncu { ;reuiverar.fic n1v(opeNnavopolri-
ruregonefqeg,1HEArqgplcgorefpagro]'i'ar].uordlerauerlN.
3O-2 o iox'ror roY FARADAY
To rolvdlagcmlglorrxti 6l.ovrov qar.vopdvoverorloyjEe,vdrI l.ttraBol)"6prvlpo-
lvrpr,xrjporjrotr blureqvddvcnrixl.opa.X(:ppwa p.ewt u6porouFaraday,1IIEA nou
entllercroedvcnrixln,ltynzfuu,ald).op1rouquOporipetoBo),rigrqgtrro^ywpr.lriEporjgnou
6t0repvdro nrix?lopo.flq6ro, agencvelertioorj;.ler1v dwolcr4gpc.lvltlxrigporig@,
(E6.28-3):Xroqefomtpf^tengdAppioxercrpdocoepclvrylxdne6[o.B 1 pc^yvlrlxri
porj/O, nounrgvcipdocurd qv crrqriveraeivcr
d@u=3 tr4= BdAcosQ'
rirou@efvcr,1
^yrov(c
1.ntaQ(r,avB xatd.A.(Ilpoooli orov6n1aplop6 perclri / xcl @r.)
H ol,r,xrjpa^yvrplxriporj@,p6ocald plo enr,qriveneivcr.Tool,o?iMQopoatxtiEqE 6x-
qQ0olEfidvooqv sfirqdvs|,0:
o"=ln.u=lnu"o,o.
Av ro 8 efvcropopvdg oe ;lc en(rs61entqdrtel'oA,r6r.t.
(30_1)
Qs=B A = BAcosQ. (30-2)

5. 3O-2 ONOMOETOYFARADAY
:ra E!. (30-1)xcl (30-2)lpdreLva efpc.orengooerrLtoi1tdr.vo oQ[oouptps
ocrp{vercr1vrcre{Ouvo1trrr bravuoptiru,tA xctM.Yn6.q1ouvndvro6{o xmerOfv-
oelgnol eivclrd0ereEoeonorabr{noree:rrqdveLo.xcLro nqdolpot1Epa.lvlrutrjgpotiE
nou6lcrepvdr1v enlgdveroelaprdrcl cnrir1v xorefOuvorlrou enuLdlapevc.efvct
0eruxrj.
Ovripogeraytolr(grouFaradayop(erdt:
H enuydpevloedraxrixkrrpaHEAloorltorpeto cgvrltrxtllou qu0poripe-
tapohig tqE pap"rplxrigqorlgaou8loregvrito mixltrrpo.
Meofppol'c,ovtipogror Faradayefvol
^ da"
a[
Iro va larcldporpe q oqpcofcror.ropvryrxorjnpoo{pou,lqdneLvc eLocycilouptpLc
orjppcolnqoorjprov1r.or1v enaldprevrlHEA,€. Ag6o{peripargrpc6rc6vccn},cirapci-
berypuegoppoyjEartodror vripou.
I IIAPAAEIf N{A 3O_1
841
(30-3)
Pnipo aou endyxran oe pqdlo )ro X1. 30-3 ro pqWI-
rur<ine6(oovdpsoq oxougrdl.org rou ll,ExrQopqyv{nl s(-
voLopolevdE oe nriOelpovlnri oru'yprj,c)"},douldver pe
prop<i0,020T/s.H sfirqdvsLoro! oyrrilupoupprjlou p6oo
qro ne6io eivor,120unz xat 1otrlnf cwiorooq rou xunl6-
poroE,po(i pero 1oiBav6perQolior rov cvflordrq, eivor
5,0O. NG PQe0€f! tro1,6p€vqHEA, xs06E ?icrrro enoY6-
p€voQ€1ip0oro }rli?iL(Dpa.
AYEH H Er,rpdvEtctA = 0,012m'zeivor ord0eQi, dQao
Q!0p6EprrcooL{E 11Epapqruxrjgqo{g eivor ro yrvdp€vo
30-3 Axi,txoEd'y6yltlog0Q6IoEoEouqovdpsvol.royvryfid ,rE0io.
qEl €r[frov Qlopd peraBohigro! poyvlxu.iorifi€6fo! B:
d6^ ,tt2
";," - "; o = (0.020T/s)t0.0t2m:)
= 2,4 x 101Y = 0,24mv.
Aurrj eivct n €roydu€vl HEA t. qqilvowdExdrd lcpog ro
npciorlprorou 6evdXougrpe),rrriorro.xriptrl.
Af(er, vcrencvu$epcr,c'ioouperI olvdr€ro povd6ov
orovuwololr,opdcwdv. YrldQxot'vfio].],oilTQ6xlo[vo ro xd-
vouurcurd evcqrpcino<eivqrvc JraQarlpioouurorrcnci
rlv 6lrgQsonytg q pnyvlfl.xrj odvapq F = qi) x B e[oqe
1 T = (1 N)/(1 C . m/s).MnoQo{p€€nopdv0rEvq €nqQ(i-
oou;re11 pov<i6orIE poyvlruiliE eoriE(l)E(1 T)(1 m']) =
1 N . s . m/C,xor rou Q!0pof percBo).rjgqE FqyvlrrxiE
qo{gcog1N.m/C=1J/C= 1V, Apa1 povciBcrqErood-
'qr,aEd@B/dtEicttro volt, <jnogenupdl.l,er q EE.(30-3).
Enio4s.ouulo€irscirr4 povciSor4g pcyrlrtx{g Qorissivqr
1T.m2 = l Wbxouriqo.1V = 1Wb/s.
Tel.lrid,Toenoy<ipevoo'(orlixl,opc Q€{pal eivql
. t 2,4^104Y
,,=
;
=
ff
=4.8x tosA-o.o48mA.
Andpq Osvdxolpe BQEIrl qopd ro! QedpotoE.Autd 0<rei-
vnrro en6pevtipoEB{pct.
OoQdrIE efioy{ipsvtlEHEA
Mnoporipeva pporiperq qogripr,cEenclipevlEHEArj ev6Eenc^y6pevougeipcroE,191-
olporou6waEqv El. (30-3),pc![ peopr,ope'vougxavdvtgrqoorjpoupr rovtlrig tp<ino:
1. Opfnrcrq 0enlrixcreriOlvoqroudlcvioparogl nol lcgcxtlg(er, n1venlqdver,o.
2. Ol lcrel0rivoeLgrol I xcl rorrpc'yvlrr.xofne6[or-rB xc0oq(ou ro rp6oltroxIEpd-
prlrr,rrjggorjgOBxor,Tor.rQt0podtrsrdpoliErSdQsldt. To X1.30-4(ot1oel(6c
842)6ei1ver,pegr.xdncpc6eilpoto.
3. Aqiore ra bdyruLarol delLorlocgleglorjnipalon6ro 6r,tiwopc,4dlowcErov6e-
lri ol.rileupaoqv xoxsriguvolrorr,4.Av I qoQd1rroEHEAtj tv6Eqefpctogoromi-
x).copaefvalq (6r.cpen1cpopdnorroxo].ori01ocvrc 6dpr-rkiocE,t6te eivou0etlrj,
rvuravrlrr qv awiOrr4qoprieivoraqvqrtxrj.

6. B
842 KEOAAAIO 30 HAEKTPOMATNHTIKH EIIATATH
3G-4 H Fsyvlfl,x{ Qo{ €ivor (a)
Oerwrjmr cu[river,(b) 0ernrjxcr
p€l(liv€io! (c) aQvlr,rii xql
l.r€|,(6v€i0[r0[ (d) 0Qvfllr{ xor
duqd!€1.Apd n Or ouEdveroirE
,r€Qundo€ls(a)xqr(d) risr
peur:veroonE@)rar (c).!16 (a)
r0r (d) orHEA eilor 0Qvryr,rdE
(dxow q qoQdtov 6€u{1ot!iou
pol,oyloricv rr,EncgcqQ{ooupEqrd
rrivo), evc6ong (b) ror (c) eivcr
0€rrxdE(dxorryqoQdswf0Eq qE
qopdEtrovberxldvtou polollo{).
1 a )o " > 0 . $ > s (b)o,>0,19<o
dn
(c)ou<0,ff<o
(d)o,<0,+>0
)ro IIap. 30-1ro-461srxcref0lvol npogxdrldvco.EdvfldQarrlQiooupsondrci-
vo,I osxrltlit oTovpg61od1er,qogricw[oen1qE qoqdErov 6rrrr0ivxo! goloyrod.:r
our6ro rloQdbsrTporol rol B brixvorJvrrQoEra rrdvo,U,rofiord]"eopc1 <D,vaeivol0e-
rr,xrj.To trr6rqoB ctravnat,6paq d@uldteivarOetnrj.Xripgovop€qv EE.(30-3),1 t
rQ6nsrvo si;voroQvltx{ dxrrrrl qoQdxov6rrtx6vrouQolol,rodyiQo ofidrov BQdXo,
dnoE6e(1ver.ro X1.30-3.Av onl e6o1tou pprilourrniple proropao,ro olu,eioa 0oirov
o 0erut6gnd)"ognclro olpsiob o opvrlxr.tdgrtil"og.
To qedpranol rfldysrarofldouxrirlv HEA 61srsfifolErI goQdxov6€r].rdvror
Qoloyro{.AurdblprouQye[dvanQdo0srotroyvry?rdnr6io pdooorovBqdxo,?rolodp-
qovo p€rovxov6vorou6€ErodX€Qroli,I goedxorefuoiovtiq| 4 a1[6dnxrivrou[€6io1J
rou ]IQo}talt(o l],s].fiQopoyvlixlg.Au[6eivor.6voiroQd8sryposvdsyrvrl{ori}{ovdvoJrou
ovopdlero.Lvdpogror Lenz(Asv(),nou0c p,ei"er(oouptoroE6.3H. )ripqtuvopt rov
vtiporouLenzxti0e€fioyoyl]rdporvdpevorei:velvool'nre0€foq p€xopo]'(rlooxor[Qo-
rdlros.:TIV fieQffixoo'4ounip€xoBo],{efvorr'lofE1olroufiei(oupdooorovBQdXo.O
vdpogrouLenz,nc0r6gxcl ro cpvryurriradolpo oqr EE.(30-3),dlouvdpeololdo1pe
rl 8roniQ1olrllE€vdQTeroE.>xeq(riTrrr eoouvdBow€oxT1vneQ(rxroolrlorixoerldyd-
pevogeripceil1er1vdl,raeexqgoQd.Tdxsro rle6ao0od0Qocowovpero r[e6aofiol rrQG
tnrjqle,nqoxckiwcgenl:rqdo0er1ci!1oq oq go{ no0r6grcl orogerjpc.Oc cvnpno-
n(ape praavel6l.e'ymr1xcrdorcol, pero gedpcva auldver,(xcupeouooriqer-ro1evdq-
^yelcgoropcyvlnxdne6[o)1og(gtiquo,rolkil,o,ov 6onouvc lucioelo a1o1<ig.Aw<i
o(youQa0arroQoBio(e116lodp1o1n1grveqrprcgrcr rerorrErcrcmdoeuE6eirouppoi-
vow onl cpiorl.
Kdvsrelir eoeig6vav6l.e11omc rp6o1pc.rov efiaydp€vovHEA rdr,prupcirtrrv
yrctc neqdpcro.noucvc.gdgol'rclo'ror6loEror E6.30-1.fLcrcpri6el1pa,rftcvo ppd-
1ogppioxercr,oeoTc0egrine6[oxcl rov ^yefgoupe
{ rov or.ryn6oouyttdovtcl eAana9ei
r1po{ :rol rov 8lcrneqvri,1 HEArcr ro ge{pcnor.rendlovrcldlorv qoqdavrf0sqqE
rpopciElr.rv6rtxrujvrouqotroytoudrcvrc:rcquqqo[pr cnci:rcivu-r.
Edvdxoup€dvorlvfo peNncvoportirunegonefgegxal 11gorjpercBdl],erclperov
fbr,ogr-r0p6oexd0eoneiqc,ol encl6pevegHEAn1grdOeoneiqageivclioeg,Bgioxowcr.
oeoerprixcl npoorfOewcl.H ol.lxrjHEAeivcl
s =-N44
AT
(3H)

7. ETPATHI IKH EIIIAYIIIE TIPOBAHMATON
O vdpog tou Faraday
l. fLc vo rrrol,olioet€ xovQruOpdp€rapoli! rIE payqflroig
eoig, ttp6n€LrrQdrrqvc xqxqldp€rcr[ nQor.ctreio1percpol.f
rIE eofE.Krv€aidro oyoy6E;A.l.,rdE€ro npooovorol.uopciE
rou;MerapdLtrerolto l,tcryvlr[r.dJrebfojNo gugdor€drr6€v
61ero4pcoio q i6Ltrq poil, ctl')i o pu0p6gpeaBoAfg qg.
2, No el,pdor€lov ?{ovdvonQoo{pou1rqr1 oerlx{ qopri
?lEpoliErou pay!,ryrriolin€oio! rqr rlE HEA. No rov 1gq-
orpororeir€[€ ouvdn€ro6rda€eoppd(etetrEE!. (30-3)ri
3(L2 O NOMOI TOYFARADAY
(30-4). Av o dytoydE€ivoLrqvio peN oneipeE,polvieXdoe-
T€ac notr.l,orloordo€i€ p€1()N.
3. XQrlorporlo{or€ rov vdpo rou Faradayyra vo Fp€il€ rllv
HEA. Eectppdor€torrExorciveEnpoorjpol 1r,cvtr el4lioe-
rr ro rreooluo nou F'Xsrro qnordl.€oud ooE xql ylo vq tc-
oogiorxr xn eopd rou €rr(tldp€vouQ€ipqroE.Av rl owforo-
ol rou rulcl(bpoxoEefvct|,yvoqr{, rdre |r'iop€fT€!q uro},o-
'/io€I€ ro e€ipc.
843
-EvG
rlvi:o rlou trnoxrtr€irordn6 500)rur.),lxoi( 13QdXo!E
oJQ[crrosp€ czrivo 4,00cm eivcrrono6etlpdvo crvdpeocr
nrolg nr5l,ougev<ig[eyd],ou1l€xxQopcryvirl xo trclvnrrrd
ne6io eivcr,orooepdps xaxs{olvotl 60" an6 ro erineoo
rot' r[Ivtou (>X.30-5). To ne6io e]"orr6vetcrge pl0pd
0,200T/s.No PQ€O€|1 or6l.ur4 rrprjo1Eercrl<ipevlgHEA.
E l i P ' ' , i I I r - t ( ) - :
R
A
u 4's''
lnu" "
u i ! ' 1 ' . r l l i , , - { l - -
AYEH Aral"dlte1Loto,{ rqv zcrterl8uvorlnou dler <xoX1.
30-5. Tdx€d eivnL4 ycrrvicrpettrlri rcov,4xcr B. H Qoi O,,
oeororc6{nor€Xeovr,x{cnLygriefuc 4)R=BA cosC,xcro
Q!0pdE[€roFo].iEx4Epo{g eivo.Ldor/dt = (dBldt)A cos0.
Xqv neqimorq cnrnldBldt = -0,200Tls,1 = z (0,0400m):
= 0,00503m'z,C : 30" (xat t*r (t0"),xat
ria^ ta
i
=:A'o"3u'
= (- 0,200T )(0,00503mr)( 0,866)
= - 0,000871T. mr/s= - 0.000871Wb/s.
EeaQF6EowqErtv EE.(30-a),n €raldp€vnHEA€ivar
€=,NryAI
= (500)( 0,000871wb/s)
= 0,435V.
'Orov
ncpcxrlporjpe(lrd Tq cQ[(x€Qd,rpoE r4v l.lc.rer.iouv-
cr1rou 6ral.ric;rcnogfilg €nr.cpdv€tqE(30' rr<ivtocrn<ito po-
yl4rlx6 n€6ioB), I eetrxr]qogd yLtrt1v t er:vcrn qopd ra)v
bernr6vrou po)"o1toi,ofptgovc{ll€ Tovzsvdvq rou bsErori
l€Qroi. H HEA eivc(r0erLitrixoLdpa dler 14gopd rcor,6er-
?.ir6vrou Qo),oyrof.Av tc rixgc tor oipparoq ouv6e0o{v
gr tvuv urrrorcirn.I poQrrrou QruFqrogmo nlvio fxrl r-
riorlErq gopri rcov6ermov1ol potroyloli.
-Evo
xdxoroQ€i-
pc 6iverrpcioOrr4[oy'llxI Ertrqgtoo cnciro n4vroor4v
f6raxdx€{Orrvonpeq porjord tov 1}.exrpopolvrjq x<rrd-
prcrTeivervo cwlte0€i oxl ptirool rIE o),rtig porjg.
30-5 To lLdlQoro! B prLcivercr.Mer1vzcrri0uvo4 aoudleLrorl,
I polinor 6lcaEpvdTorrlvio el,crroverctpecororfieopo1t la
ri'dl0rrui. Ar'Lcio1r.rrorXrior HEAzuror peufo:rourxrr qoQu
ulrrp ruv 6rrxrurvror pol.nlnrl Trrtnrrp,rrrjprlo4u.rii rooQtmFUL,
ridrdrI! xor€iouvol Toul. To nQdo0erofie6ioB nouriQoricL€i:icr
ar6 ro €rroldpEvoQ€ifo reirsrvo owloxoo[iosLrl [siool inEpoiig.
-EvaE
crl,dg rlo.Ll"6xag
'Ev<rg
rerpcrlrovLrtiEppdlog
:rrprmprr'gtrcrrU€fi(r0FQriyu,vrcrxr1ru;rirrltu ,r '1ripu-ro;rci
cllovcr,6rtog 6e(XveLro )1. 30-6 (otr1orl.i6cr844).To gc-
yvrlrtrldr€6ao€avoro[oy€vdgxar ora0epri.)t1 lgovrxri
onypri I = 0,d = 0.Na 0Qs0ei1 ena16pev4HEA.
AYEH H qoq O, gcocanri rov flqriXoerv<rrioq pero yrvti-
[evo rIE rrngdv€[cr,(l €'[f q1/ cruvrorooorou B fiou rivdl
nti0eq o'tqvenrgdverq,6l),obi B cosd.
Ttire
,1(j..
F = _ : + = u B A s i n o t .
H eroy<ipev1HEA, t, petcpcil,),erctqpltovoer6oqperol
1q6vo(21.30-6b).
EreL6{ 1t €ivor,crvd},oylrtrrv@xor B, 0o U:roeoioa-
pevc lplolponorrjoou[€ qv FIEArr€elo"rpecp<ipevourlvi-
ou yrq vGU€TQlloou[rrlv ruxliTlrrrlrprmpoq{g 1 ro pu-
lv4tLxcireOio.(H crpSjorrrriXpqoLpoxror.€irctos oQropdvc(
tiplovcrltcr 11prdtplol rou payvrlr[rof nebiou.)
'Orcl
ro e-Qp : BA cosQ = BA cosot.

8. 844 KEOAAAIO 30 II,4.EKTPOMATNIITIKH EIIATOTH
n(ns6oxo! Bp<i1oueivorrrdOetoolo B (Q = 0 I 180"),tl O,
qr<lveuorq pdlrotq xcu n1ve)'riy,oq rlp{ qg. T6re o orry-
prc(oggu0p<igperopol.rjgn1Eelvot p16dv,dQqxor ri t €(-
var pq6dv.EfiioIE,I t €iva! U,dytorrl6rtrv ro eninsOorou
pqdlou eivar,nogtil,lrllro oto B (@= 90' i210') xcL't1@s
dlerTqvnroyprjloprl peropoltj.Tel'u?rti,ttopdalQolil.l€dI[ rl
eral<iprevl HEA 6ev efoqttiror, on6 ro oTfpa r'ott pp6aott,
ol"ld pdvoon<lqv errqdvetdrott.
I
- *
J 1 -
J 1 '__ *R
(ar (b)
3G{ (a) lppcrwd ouilpoppo cr}'ot evo vinq, dnor.rdvcgoycolLpogpQ6XoEtreQlmQdq€xdrF6octo€
pa1"ll1[rdx[€6io.To xdoeri4o tou Bp61ol ouvbdetcr,pt to elonepwd dx]"op'x [e lov 6orniho Etiqq{E
S.To oJoq[a rqpouordLeroirl XQo!t]i{mrYui droveivqL.dt= 90' (b)IQoqn{ llsQdoroonqs
erclripevqg HEA orc tir4o ab, nooo-rvo6eierq!ctid iotE owiolotxoug ltpoocvcto].toporigrol ppdlou
rcrci rq 6rcipxrrtrprcE:rLiQou(rrQrorooqnE.
30-7 (a) Xgpotut6 iiuilpopltc
yEwrirQr,oEouv€XofsO€1iFq'toEnou
XQqorporioreioul").dlirl (6qrfl j).Lo
pe6rioeyrondg). (b) Iaoqua{
r[sprioi0ol rIE sncryd|,t€llEHEA
orc rixpc ab.
Onepr,orpecpdpevoEpq61oEe[var,to np6rulopomd]"osvdErufiouYtv4irQloE€vd].-
),aoo<ipevorperiporoE,ror'rs?4,1,1dxrtl,rt' avcrnl:66oer.HEA oesEorsQu'(d)fljll),o[o p€
rrf poi0rrorov &io6axt .iavenaElES,ororofotxreQrmQdqowulpetov pptilo,dncog
8eipelro )1. 30-6a.Xrc0egdgenop6EnoluoTo1trlowatl)4xrpsEol.ro0o(vouvorouE6a-
l.mulfougxorr[vorouv6s6spdvrgpsro drQasEdbou, xdtb.
Mroporipevo lqlolponoujooupep[otloQdU,oro6tdxa!11r,cva elaocpc],'fooupe
FIEArou dleundwoxofbn nQ6olpo,dnolE6€ixv€tro :X. 3G-7a.H 6ufta[1ctnrjovogti-
trat,ou).).ixrqgxat"owrorQdqsItts ouvbdoelEpero elcote,olx6xtix]"rl;rcortElcDv!d]tdE
0doerEdroucl"rr,olq6petauq HEA.To)X.3G-7bD€f1vstrlv HEArot-txlQo)tlirr€[.AtxriI
o'uo}i€lJ{sfvorro xlQrirunor4ElewrjtprcEouvsxo{EQsipoloE.ferw{zquegouvtXotigqtd-
paroEJlou)rtllil.oqoQo{voroepr6Qm6Lo06rouvdl U,sl,dlooQ[0pdqvfov ]io[oui s-
1rr6v'oori Tlbuircfu elopal,iver.td eEoYli6poroonll HEA, peanotdi,'eopoI xdol dro
tixpuqE q1(E va p1v6It[ ofii!68ptoxorstiOuvol,o]'].dxdtvo s[va[fiQorrr,rtdo[d0sQi
(xupcuvdper^r1ouv€XrjErdol). H 6r.rfuo[qcrn{ pt Vri?4TQeE)rdtou},ldnr4lqrloqolonjfu-
r{r sJ[iolEorov]rwlnjpa ouveloriEperiporogoqv ovdtruolrolj E6.28-8.H otrll].t]'fiQ€-
ysQrrxi6{voFlrot!xrvrlfliQo.t(vototrlciEq HEAnout]Idl€Iot ord xll psrapo]"ldpevTl
l-rdyvrlrLxriQoitrdooondTorrQrorQ€96trFvo'rlvic rou.
l: 1- -Jr

9. JO-2 O NOMOETOYFARADAY
"r/z
3t)-8 O 6ioroEtor Faraday.H F(Yvlltlri Qorioultirer eitet6rjl
rdnittvq :reprrof peloltiveL.
vo orL^yplcfoperipaoro eforreqtxi xtixi,,cop(!]rououvodercu
pero qvio. O poog<igpetapofig r4g po{Epdocon<iro nq-
vio eivoLcvrilolog tou pedporog,rj rou puOpotj.oo{grol
poQTio!,p€droxd),€op(ivq €ivcr[€ri?4o]"ovo 6efioupe<itL1
oAurj perc$oLqqg poriEeivoLavtiloyl tou otrrnotjgop,rfou
nou pdeloro miz)'trrpo.Mnopo{pevcrxcfioo)i€udooup€€vo
<iglovo rou petpti armj qv ol,lxtj petopol,{ tor p€crur6rov
rprjno vc urolroyioorpe to B. Agrivorlp€rtEl€trroLtdQ€t€g
oe ocrg,orErg6fll'qpc. Av q 6odpecnroqgri,cu{ q pdOo-
bogdiverpcivoro gfoo rebio orrlvrntqtlvrro rou 'Inviou.
Xqv negirrrcooqdporgnou4 enrpdveroeivcl pLXQri,rdre ou-
rd eivcrnepurol ioo geTote6(o oro xdltQorotrtwlviorl.
84s
O 6ioxog tou Faraday
'Evcg
6ioxog pe cxrivc R, nou
6eilveLro !1. 30-8,pp(oxercroro eninebo.ry)iqt tr€Q[orQd-
geraupeoroOep<iltlvtox{ rcrlriTqtc coneQilov dEovaz O
oioxogeivcrronooeqpdvoEo€ opoYevdE,orqoeQdr€6io B
rcgdLl.4l.oorov cifovoz. No ppeOei1 erqYdpsvrlHEA p€-
1qE$xoutdwQou xGLqE neprqdpeLagrol 6(oxou.
AYDH O€oQorip€coEtrixl,tr.lpctro neq(lpoppc tt15xtircxr-
v1gneplol{g rotr >X.30-8, A€v utldQ1€tQoi Lrdoqqnd xo
op0olrrrvLorp{pc oro erfne6oyz,ere6f ro I eivcLnctgtil-
lr1lo peaur6ro erftebo. To zdnxuvopdpoEtou 6(ottol oro
enineDoxyeivcndvagropdog to epBo66vrou Efurlr;R'0
xot 4 porl<Denoureevd qtrdqurdv rivqt
68 = :BR2o.
Kcr06Er[tQlorQ6q€roro 6iozog,1 xtixtrvl neplopi pelc-
),c6ver. Xe lpovrx<i or<ioqpc dt q .yowlcctrEdvetxw6. d0 =
rudr xoLq po{ cnrl<ivelrcarti
dQB= tBR2d0 = :BR2@dt.
H enoy6pevqHEA eivcu
e =-* =-InR',.
a a '
Mroporjpe vc l,ololpoltolrjooupe ollti fil ot'ofi€uli
olgqTj HEA oe xrjx)"opoov ro oupnllptiooupe pe o)'r-
o0aivoroegenctgdg, qlPimaq (b o1oo:tipo). H HEA rou
64pr,oup1eidvcrErd,otoE6aoxoEpEL€lt]0!tt€qtr6rov
Faraday.H ouoli€uri ovo1tdetot,ioxog tou Faraday,l opo'
noknj yevwjrpn.
I ll.'PAlrtf 1l , 3O-;l
r II A P A, li I I lr., 30*5
I ll.Pl:lt1 . 30-6
To fiqr,aoavaxv€uoqE
'Eaa;
JrQqxtu{dErQ6[oEvc perQl-
e€frt dwcol rou pc.yvltLnofnebiouefvcrvc lprqolporot4-
0e[ prrQ6r[!1,iopleno],riocprprineptd].fq N onelqriv,nou
o'rcstaetatz4 o aviyv€uo4(.Av I €rrtgdv€lc rou t[tQ[l]€(-
erto rqvio eivar,4 xc(rro ordvoolo rlE €lttgdvtrcg e[v(r[
crplrrri eu0r'yqopplop6vope poyvrlrlxt5ne6io pdrqol B, 11
pori<D,nol blonepv<irorqv[o eivnliDo= Bl. Av neQlorQd-
rpoupelgrj'yopoto rlvfo xotti dvcrdtopro r4Eorpog{g re-
pi 146uiperg6rou, rj cwro rpaprjlolpLextrLto p'yd).oupeo-
rtftopc crn<iTo ne6io,1 go{ e}rctr6vercrpc16cr(oorci u1v
r,t1.ri]BA or,op16dv.Kcooig ei'c, rcrivercrq po(, epgo,v(eror
pr<rorryproioercl6pevq HEA, xcl rcrparlpeitctrenclcipe-
To )1. 30-9 6eiXvtr6vcrv<r1ro1<ipteoplpcr U oe opo'/€vdg
palvlrLrd ne6io B xd0ero qro erar€Oorou oxripcfioErtcrt
ge rore{0uvo1 zpo( rq oeli6o. Tono0eroripepercrltrlxrl
prip6o pe prjxogt n<ioetuorr.g6rionapri)').q)"tgrl,euq6g
rou oyroyori,riore vc oyqpcrti[ercLpp<ixoE,tql trwo6[e rrl
ptlpbo rpoEt1 6e[rd peorae€Qixqxdn]tc u. Ncrppe0e(ro
pr,drpoxc{tl gopri qE tttoYdp€qEHEA rou 0q rQofifp€t.
AYEH H pcrlvlrrxrj pori pdoc crrd tov pptilo petapdl'l.e-
rcr eneL6{crultiverq enrgdveuirou. )e lpovtrcdOLrioqpa
dt 1 pripbog6uavrjer,an6mao! o dlxq.t 4 enrpdvelootrld-
vevxqtd M = Lo d1.O€oQim€ drt q oerrl i lateriouvol
.7r<rr1v enrcpdverceivcr,nqogro o1t(trtc,ncrpdlJ'ql'qtot B.
Tfte, ! [(ryvnrr?(i porj pdoc ctn6rov pQdxoEfvc(!o€xuti,
zct cultiver oelpovundOrdorqpcdr xarci
d @ " = B d A = B L t t d t .
3G-9 To FoyvlT|xdr€6[o B rr0c'ig tcrrro 6tdvuol.t(rIE €trrqdvEloE
I dxolvgoQdrde€q oq oe),i6.rtpoEta liod. H c{Elol xlE
pcyvryltrjgporjg(noulQoral€ftot ard Tlv c{Eloq t1Eelr,qtiveLcg)
rrciyeLqv HEA xcrLto peripo.rou 6eixvetro olrjpu.

10. 846 KEOAAAIO 30 HAEKTPOMATNHTIKH EIIATOI-H
H ercl<ipevqHEA eivcrL
^ do,
fic vc epplveriooupero cpvrpr,rc<ing<5o4po,crEOupq0oipe
T
4 oripptroqrcovnqoo{prov:Kareu0rivererov 6eltd ctw(1el-
qc onlv xctriOuvo4 rou 6rov6opcroEerlgdveucg,4rc 6d-
1rutr<rorpipouv perI popd rou d1erq 0e1!xi HEA. Xr4v
nepirnrooripagaurti ouppo(verFs eoQdy6qc'lorrdro BQ6-
xo rou >X. 30 9 a6!apecuniv rtov Oerxrcrlvrol gol.oylo6, <i-
rog gcfvrrcu cnd ndvoJ,To qQvllxd nedolpo ollcivrr d-
rl 1 apoyporr j HEA 6N€[qv (lv[ioErnqop<i,rjntogaeiper
ro ox{pc. To eral<itl€voe€fp(r €'[(oIEdlel gopri cwioerq
TrlEcpogriEttrrv 6erxrrrivtou poi'o1loti. I
I'O KI H}:H!
H xiv1o1evdEcya.ryoipdodor pol,vTlrrxdrrs6(opag6ivt[ rl Duvcttiqtcvc xaravori-
ooup€xolfr€Qoq bnpLouQy(aqS sra16p€vlEHEA[s ro vdelerdoorperq pcprlrLxdg
6rvdpre6oeqopriarorlayoyo{.TotX. 3G-10abeilverqv f6roxrvo6pevlQd96orro!pd-
Lr.gpre?'e{ocpemo Ilcqd6. 3G-6,caopovcrr;idvqnpoEro lcp<iv urd rov clorycipeo;{pc
U.To poy!'prd rsbioB eivor,opolevdExol xcreu0ivercLnpogq oel(6c.)q qdB6o6i.
voupeoro0rgrjro1rjqrou rpogra 6elrd.ts dvflocrpdxropegogrioq or4AdB6o0dd-
ox10e[pcyvrlrr,tuj6r1vap1F= qux -8pepdrpo.F= lq r8. Xqv cvdtrloqnorrcxo].ol0ei
Oeoporipeto 4 OerLxdonlvneg(rror4clnj 1 8rivopld1er.rpopdnotriprjxogqS Qdp8ou
npoEra ndva,ax6to b oroa.(Oc borrpecqy6regorin11HEAnolro pedp,oe(vctzc [6Lo
eirero q rival 0enndeireaqvltuttti.)
H pcpryrxrj6{vcpqngoxcleiqv x(vr1o1rov ri'erjOegovgoqritovon1prip6o,6ry
pr,oupyiwagnle6vcopc0oruxofqogrior.rororivtotixpon u,crcpvrytLnodqopr(ouoro
xrirrrlri]tpob.Aurd,perq oeLpdrou,rgoxc)'e(6vc1l.,sxrpLxri:re6foE perccre{ouvo4c-
ndro a orob noucone(6r1vcp4qEorc Aop,r(cpexcrrd0uvoq:rqogrc rdro. H ouoori-
perro4qop,r(olorc dxpc n1ggrip8ououvel(ercl drogtirouro E 1(vrLoqxerriLopqti rri-
ore11}'enrqLxrj6{vapTlpr xfi€ior'vol npogrc xdro (pdrpoqE)vc elroopqorriotLe-
wei'oiEn1pc^yvrlnxrj66vcp1rorr dler xateri0uvollqoE tc :rrivrrr(pdrqoquB).T6rt qE
= quB,rc goqfu rcoQQorlolivxorxoolp€[oa PQfol.sxaroslrp1]'rirrgobuvcrprx<ia:rdro
oqpefob.
II6ol eivor1 6r,ogoqd6uvoplroriV"r;loo{nu"pt to ywripevotou pdrpoltou1l.e-
rrprrorine8iouE er(ro prjxogl rlg grip6ol.A;rdr1vrcqontivocvdl"lo1,E = uB,xor.
rioc
Vob=EL=I)BL'
rirou ro oqp[o a pq(oxercLoetrprl],tirrgo8r:vcplrriard ro oqpeiob.
(30-s)
@eoporlper6ga tirLq xLvofpev4griB8oEy)"lorpdelrard prjxoEcx(v1rouoltrlloti
peopipc U, 8lpLoupyriwcgdvaxlelor6xdxlropcp1. 3G-l0b).Xrc qogriuroucxivrl-
rot dloyo{ 6* aaxekarpayuynxri6ivc1q,unctpytt6p,agiva flexrprxti nt|io nots
rponLrjOlxecnriq ouoodqeuolqoqrfarvorc a xcl b.Aur<iro ne6(odlprotQye[ll€-
nrpr.xdperipa,pegopricwioerl cunigrov 6sutr6vror:goloyLori,^yriqtour6 ro x).eLor6
nrlnl*rrpc.H xLvoripevlqriB6oEdleL1(vel q.flj llenrgeleErxrigorjvopqEmo rorrntprxti
qE, qopnfaxlvoriworonrito 1op1].rireponpoEro lgq].6repoOuvcprxti.Tqvovoptilolpe
qlertqryeqtrn{0rlvopqldlo xivrplg, €, nctdqc
3O_3 HAEK.TI,EfEPTIKH AYNAMH
A
t = uBL.
Xro[6r.ocrord],eopceixopetrorol{EeroroE6.30-2perov6(oxorouFaraday.
H HEArol cXer(ercLpeqv xrvofpevrlqdB6omo X1.30-10cvalolel oeHEA
pnorcpicg,pero OerLx<irixpooroc xcLro cpvrlrLxririrqoorob,cv xcLxri0rpLccaricu-
r6E61erewe)'rig6LcgoperLnrinpoi)'euor1.Ir4v nri0enegfunroo4coxeircr.plc p11i.e-
xrpoorcruxribrlvcpqorc qopnfcn1g8Lrircllg pencreii0uvo4orrd10, o'roa,xol I IIEA
elvcrro dplo cvri povri6cqopr(ounol ncqriyeLctlnj 1 brivcpl drcv fva qopnioxrveircr"
an6r,ob otoa.'O1ov118Lritcll ouv6e0eipeelorrqrxdxrixtropc,1 goqdroupeLlpcroE
eivcrcn6ro b ngogro a mr16uiro!1 xcl ondro a rlQos10b oro elurrepr.r6xrln),t'rpc
(movc1o16peopipcU onlvneqintoorlcrnj).
Av engprioolpero u oepdr.ocovri6eueq6l.rJrro,ro B oetesla)ao[xoI ospdrQa,
rdre1 t 6[veraLoejoulecvdcoulomb{ or volt.Ilqoonc0riorevc ro enLBepal6oetr.
o
IL
+
t
(4,
fiTllSr
1rI
I
1 -
(b)
30-10Aloiyrpladpbogatveiroroe
oFoy€viEFoyl'Iiurd,r€0i0.(a)H
QdB6oE,nioxfqrq xqrrom6io
eivon<iOercperoldroug(cvd6rio).
(b)OoQdrourr[clyd|rtvouo[o
1ifirlo[0 Q€ip01oE.
(30-6)

11. 3(L3 IiAEKTPETEPTIKH AY-]AMHAOIO KINHEHE 847
I ll .l'.l:lf ll 3O-7
'Eotro
<irrro FixoEl, mo >X.30-10beivor,0,10m,1ro1t1-
nltrl u 2,5m/s,q ol.rrrj ovrforqqrl rou PQdXou0,030Q xor
ro B 0,60T. No 0Q€0ei1 t, ro encl<lpevopefpc, q 6{vcpr1
nou co)rFiTdror1 pdp6oxar I F41qvrrrilrlx[Enou onorrFi-
rcr 1Lcvc brclrlqeirl edp6oo€xiqo4.
AYEH Ancir1v E!. (30-6)I HEA, t, eivcr
t = UBL= (2,5m/s)(0,60T)(0,10m) = 6,15y.
To Q€ripcl orov |3pdxo€f1,qr
, t. 0,15v
1=R=;i30o=5.0A.
Elorri<rEorrrorirou preiporog,coxeiroL6rivcprlF orrl
ptipbo pe x<rrerjOuvo4awi9et4 orrlv xfurtoriqg. H El.
(28-16)6iverro pdrgoounjgTlgdivnplg
F = ILB = (5,0A)(0,10m) (0,60T) = s,36l.{.
fro vo 6r01lol0€i r1xfvlol r1s Qdp6oupemo0eQ{rox{q-
ro, nopd qv rincgltl otriE rlg 6ivo[lE rol cwl6pri, ngd-
aeLva aon10e(enmg<io0en1&ivop1, io4 oe gdrpoxor orti-
0er4or xcrsJ0uvo4.O pu0pci;pr rov oroio napdlrr dplo
ou{ 1 enrnp<ioOeqbrivopqeivcr1 roxiEP nou orarr€arqr
yLcva 6rcr:1p40ei1 xfvlol xlE Qdpbou;
P = l.u = (0,30N)(2,5n/s) = 0,75w.
O Qr'0p6Ep€ro1,onoio I €ro"/dpevl HEA rrQoogdQrrn),e-
xrplxrj evrip.leLcoto xrir).opc eivorro rTlvdpeaot1:
P = 11 = (0,15v)(5,0A) = 6,75yy.
Aurrj.dru-rgrivor uvolrrvolrvo. roorirurperqv ncpcldprrnl
pr11cvrxrj rotrr1.Fu.To mior4po !.rorQsn.l lr4lovrxrirvr'q-
T€ro(dpyo)o€ llezrpLnrj evdplero.Te),r"xt1,o puoprigonc6-
Lelogr1),errqrxrig€v{iQy€[oEmlv cryxioxoolror' ln'r],6pq-
roEeivcfiP = 1']R= (5,0A)'?(0,030O) = 9,75W, xd.nnorr
€fvor€JraolEqvop€vdpevo.
I II A P A. I' I I'}I . 3O_II
Erlotgoqri otov 6aoxo iou Faraday @eoprjotexcrl
lcil.r rov neptorpegdprvo6foxoro! :X. 30-11,rol crvcl.i-
oopreoro flcrpd6.30+ (E6. 30-2).Ioyjouv or i6r.eEouv0(-
rcegdncogoe exeivoto rcprti6erypc.Na ppe0ei11HEA nol
endletcL percli rou r{dvreourdr rIE rreprpdpeLcEtou 6(-
orcou,lprlotporordiwcEnlv dworc n1gHEA L<i1toxivr1o1g.
AYEH Tprjpcrcrrorr6iq?rounou Bgioxowal oe bLcgoperL-
)r,dEorloo'[do€[Eorld To]rdvrQor.ilvolilT(t![€ 6[ogoQ€TlrdE
ral{qr€E, }ior 6sv [noQofLr€ord,ciEvo [o],],qn].cordoo![€
TorrB!r€fila sxrfvc. oecogorlpedr[ dvc crl€[Qoe]'dxro[oG-
?irrvrx6pilroEd/ o€ curdmcrorlr c'[d ro ?rdwQoqror€l€i f-
v.rv r{rvorj[€vouyoyd. H lqxdqrcr u rort dr aivqr u = @r,
zcr 1 HEA i'<i1roxiv4o4gdt rou ertilerrrr mo dr Eivor
tl€ = uB dr = aBr dr.
H o).rxiHEA U€rq[drou re'vrpouxot r4gnepre€QsrcE€i-
!o.tro cioporolaci],t,rvcwr,v rtovouvrrogopt'rv:
t R
t =l aBrdr= aBR'.
J n
Aur<iro onordLeopo€ivol xo i6lo pe exeivorol pqrjxope
Xplorpono[crir.rqETovvdporou Faraday.
3l)-ll O neQrorQ€qdtr€'o!blolo<irorndir. H HEA sn(i./riorrold
Irii{o( ofirvrrojr yQo$roivlouir€QrmQsgdF€vo!bi(rrou.O bio)ros
ouvbdercuoro elc'xepLrdxirkoltc pe6io ol.Loo(ivouo€EEriag;E.b.
MnoporjprevolevlxofoouUsrlv 6vrororlE HEA?*i1rozivtlo4Syrooyruydtr€onor-
obinor€olitro rou )irv€frdror ororobinorspalvlrlxri nebio,opoysv6gi frl. frcrdvo
morx€iod,roudloyoi, n orv€rorpoQddt oqv HEAefvdrro yrvdlsvorouFdrQoudl e]I(
rI ouvrmc6oorour.,x B nol efvauropci].),qlqorodl.64],a6{
d€=uxB dl.
fLcronorai{nme6riool[€ao4 xarb,1 HEAkiyo x(v1o4E,!r€eoQddrrdro , oTod €ivor
e=!",uxn.at. (30-7)

12. 848 KEOAAATO30 IIAEKTPOMATNHTIKH EIIATOTH
I II A P, . E I f N'I,. 3O_9
'Ev(,
o€Qo(I)i{iqoErrjrou SR-71aBlackbirdr[srd€rr(eoErov
poppd petctltirrlro o = (1200m/s)j (>1. 30-12)o€ prc re-
qropi <irouto prulv4rrxdre6io rrlEf4E civcr
B = (zsj- 43k)x 10 6T.
>1ooxrip(rro i xare!0fveIo! r[OoErnv cvaro],{, roj rQoE
rov (pcyvllrxd) PoOQd,xar ro k rreoE1o [dvo). To cEeo-
rd.dao6X€rp{rcoE33 m, pe dvorypa q1sQ6a17m. a) Na
p.oe0eito pdr-ooxor I ?rox€60uvolrot' n€6ior'. b) 1160leG
vtrr1 HEA )dr1orxivlo4g and 'qv ougriorExo Q!1XoErou c-
eeooxdpoug; c) [dol €ivGrq HEA i.ri1c'rxivloqE cnd ro
crpror€QdoEro 6eEidzpo trovqrepcirv;
AYEH a) To pdrgorou pc'yv4trxorinrbiou rivar (25: +
432)r':x 10-6T= 50 x l0-1T. H xarrLiouvorirouoXrlpcti-
EerycDvio0 xdro, ond ro opr"!<ivruo€r,'[€60 (y(')vfo6y]r],!-
orfE)nou tivct! 9 = arctan(- 43125)= - 60' .
b) Xelorlonororip€ qv EE.(30-7).Tu o x(rrI €(vqrorco€-
Qd,dQc
t = u x B . l = ( 0 , 0 5 2T . m / s ) t. ( 1 7m ) i = 0 , 8 8 V .
To cpvlrlxd np6olpo cvcl'o1ei oe r[roiorl6uvspu{o{ xa-
0rig nr11cr(voupecnd ro aglorepd npogro 6€qr6d?iQo,Av
Doripera qrepd oav WrqrqQic,o e€rl2ldEqS [6],oE$Qio]i€-
rrrroro crQro'[€e6(6urlx6) rixpo rtovgr€Qdv.IlaQarne{o[€
cirto rt).<iroE6rv grropeivcrlpqorgonotio€r (.urriqv €nc-
y6peq HEA oErrnyi Ev6e./€rag,er€r6{ ro 1Jrr6}.otJrorpipo
oJrorouoi'lorsrLeto[orilrux].oiLldroEoro oeQoordgoE0o d-
1erqv oxplpc6gcvti0erl HEA. H ol.ur{ porj pdoo.arri o-
roro6i1[ol€ rdroro lileuor<jxdrl'opo €fvq! orae€Q{,qq}!€i
ro B vc rivor o[c0€Q6.
. " 1
30-12 Yfiol'o'|,rqrdEqE snqdll€ulE IIEA qeq€Qooxdgognou
rcrdet pdocoro po1'rplui ne6iorqElqg.
t=1,*n'at=1,xn;.lar=.,xn.r.
neoirc Peaoxoo[€ro ? x 8:
o xa = (1200m/s)j x (25j - 43k)x 10 6-l
= ( 0 , 0 5 2 T . m ^ ) r .
H yaqFui qr(drlv ouQd[Qogro eriyxo( €ivqr orlv rqr€rj-
ouvorlj rou efvcrLxdoerl oro u x B, xquI €r[qydp€q HEA
eivarp16dv.
c) flc ra qrepd,ol,onlrlprfvoupecn<iro cplo, ep6cugro 6e-
lu<irlxpo r<ire/ = (17m)i xcu
3O--f o ot0:'r'o L[z
O vripogrouLenzeivor.plaBolumjevol,l,cxruxrjpd0o6oEyrovo?to0oQ[oou[rro fiQdol-
tloi xr'lqoQd€vdEsrldydprvolJQs{poxog,FloEHEA{ qv xdrsri0uvolrottcwimoLlou
p! lkmQomoxr?iofr€6iorr.OvdpoErouLrnz6eveivcLpLcavrEdQrrlnldQX{,al"ldrrQo-
lrdfixslar[6rovv6poxouFaraday,oulvti dprr4efucL:rLo€{XQImoE.O v6poErol Lenz
poEBOTI0dsrrfoTlEvo ]roxovorioorpr6[ologTlrl?rdro bLdqogctpcrLvtipevasJroyoyligxar
rov Qdl.orrourocsr I braxiQ1oTlr1EsvdQ1sroEoso'xrd.O H.F.E.Lenz(Aev(,1804-
1865)rircvdvaEfeqpavdErnLo,nipovaErTouovalraQriloyeov€EdQxlxam}.}.6EorT6ngo-
vc{xct},{rln[grouFaraday)rarrotlHenry.Ordpogtou [,enzavcqdqeL:
H qogriororou6{aot€poTvqtxorieorl,opdvouenoyoyigeivartdrorc,
6otevc cvtri0elcr orocfto rou to rqox6],eoe.
nAirLo,pnogefvc efvcL1 xlvqo1oyoyo{ospo^yvr'lxrrdrsbio,ri I perapal}dpsvTlQoi
pdooard clx(vryo}flilri'opa,i oroloobiflor€ ouvbuao[dE1orE.tqv rrQdrl ]I€Qufioro!rl
qogdrou€:rtrydgsvouQe{Uarogorov}rrvofprvocytrrli r(vorrfTorouro,sq gclvryrx{
brivcpLlorovclo'yd vo 6X€[xarst0uvor]o[i8rrl ofid drxrivfiQogrrlv olrofoxrvsr:rclo o-
rD16g.H }{(vrloTlrolJdYol/oi,fiouJlQoxd]rcoeto ercldpevogerjpc,ppioxtrcwiorcol.
Xq Oerireplrepintool,6rou peropdi,),rrorI Qorio€dliivrFoxixlotro, ro €royd-
Ir€voQ€6poalprouQyei6r,xlror pdyvlxurdne6fo.Mdoooqv enr.qdvetaJrouJrrQrxlei€l
ro ){driotro,ourdxo fie6(o(X awiqsr7xcrerjouvolondro oQxrtdr€6io avro aQIrxd
ftebioauEdvtl,€yet6pagqt idLaxatefOuvo4p€xooQ1rkdxlebfodvt^E(No€larrdv€rat.
Aqc,ro urcldpevopedpcowLri0eraLorqpmaBoAftrlgpotjgltdooo.ndro rdx),opo(rip
o'qvfbrarrl Qoi).Xe6l.eEcudgrLg:reQuft6osrgro srdydpevoqefpcrqoonc0eivc 6r,c-
xrlQ{oerxostatusqro rQopdllowaEawiorcorl oqv xivqol rj psxopdllowaEq eo{.

13. 3O.4 ONOMOETOYLENZ
fLc valndple l rnc^y6pevogeij;rc,crcuteiror.rlligeExtx]'rrrga.Av dvagalr.oytig
6evo11par(eun)'rjpegxrixl.ropc,rrirspnoqoripevc ro ouprl.lprioolgevolrd perafilrtov
clxpr.'rvrouayoloriltcl vc lplolponol{oolperovvritrroror Lenz1lovouctOop[oolpe11
qoqdror.rqe{pcroE.T6regnogoripevc Bporipeqv no}.r.xdnpaorc dxparol ctlolodnott
e[vo.rcvorrd milkopc.H xmeriOuvolon6ro cpqtlrd (-) npoEro OerL;ui(+) tittgopd-
oacn6tovc.7c't.7deivor4 rpopdnorr0oe[1eto qedpcor4vreglrrooqnol dr].etveto xi-
raDlld.
w ll .!
't
.{ ! i_.} 1 1. .-34J--11;
Orcrvq cyc'{r,p1prip0ogxoutX. 30-13zirve(rarnqogrc 6t-
lui, erdl,erauorov Bp<i1opedpcrpeqogd cw[Oet1qg cpo-
pclgrrov bernrriv rou Qo),oyroi.H popnrlxrj Srjvop4nor c-
ox€rrcrmnv xrvotUev4pcift6oLcilu-,<rurorirou peripcrogd-
X€L&GTedolJvoqr[QoETc qQ[orsQdrut awftiqetaL aqv xl
qoq qg p<ip6ou,oe ou!.eovfo p€rov vdpoxo! Lenz,
30-13 H &ivopl F =,II x , noudQord].€iro€ndydl€loQ€il.ro
dx€rxoreriglvol fiQoExnngr,otepd,omioeq oq o.
n t! .r"[, 1 r {.][ t 1r.{ 3{}-A I
Xtov 6ioxo tou Faraday(( opo:ro),r,rrj'yew{tpxr) rou 6ei-
Xvrtro IX.3G-14.q po.ocirou rnoydgrvouQtlipcroS€wql
- y, xait VixoE prcEorrivoE a]rd ro zdvrpo rou oioxol
rrQogrnv €rraef (b) oto xarct pdQogrou. H pc!./vrp!r,i6d-
vopl x[o!oox€iTor"oro Q€6podI€[ ?roreliou,or1-x. H 6rilc-
pI r[Qor.(oi"€(Qornifiou o,'rrxi0€roro'qv nequxpoqf rou 6i-
oriou.Av qrrrorQdri'oup€TngoQdn€QLqrQoqIE,owr,oxQ6-
gercrr4 qopcirou e:rcrlcipevougeUpcrroqnar 4 pcyv4rrxri
Ddvcpq<rwr,t(Oetolorlv rivqoq, oe oupgtlvic xor nd7'"1pe
Tovv6poro! Lenz.
30-14 H 6r1vou1nounoleircrLoropeipnI orov6iororQonq?'€i
Qofi1ifior dwLdo€iolmlv d6QrmQoqiioo 6ioror,.
ro 1[. r].! :! rl I f 1r.l 3{.}-} 2
)ro X1.30-151 Qoi pdoo0116rov l3Qdxoot|Edv€r.H snq-
ydp€q HEA rrQo&ql"eirivo.ero'ydpevop€6po.Aur6 6Ipr-
oupyeipalv4rrxcine6io pexcrrtiouvorlrpog ro xrirtr gt'ocr
orov Bprilo, riore lcr cn'rr,t(0er<rrorlv crj[1o1 qE porjg.H
rl€Qirwool olflj rlaQolordornre r<t mo flcgd6. 30-1. O
vdpoExouLenzto'xieuxcund),1.
3G-15 To Erra'fdpEvoQeipci1er.q qopritc,w6€rti6! ior Qolol|oi
diovro r[dQfir]Qoip€o,rdrdvo ord xovBQdXo.To,rQdo0€ioTisbio
iror'dDro64proLrQyFi.fxFrrolFJeuvol [QoErGrcrTr'r.ur ouvfrrro.vc
owni0ercL oqv crilrlorl ror fi€6io! fior dxE[){oi€ieulol nQoEro
rdvo.
849
I

14. 850 KEOA AIO 30 HAEKTPOMATNHIIKH EIIATO I
ToX1.30-16ncgououi(eL.peQr,xdEeqoQ;ro1dgtol vtipolrouLenz^yuopcpliq nol
xuve(ro.lnowdoec^ytrlyr.poppt11o.
O vtipoEror knz dlerdpeololdoqpt q 8lcnigol qE er6plerag.Av ro ena.1d-
pevoperjpcoro[Icpri6.30-10e[1eqv mrf0eq qopri,l payvrlrLxrj6rivcp4:rou0cnqod-
nurlreor1qdp6o0aqv enlrdluveoeriLotol pelctrr,tepeErcyjqreg lorgigvorrripler
elanegunr{qyi evdglelcg,oeowi0eolpero 1e^yovtiErftlundglow onc6}.ercEer6pyelcE
oTovpprilo.Aurd0ao611orioeoe[endOcqrcgcpicol qg 6r.otrjp1o1EqE ev6glelcg.
3O-5 EITAtoMENA HAEKTPIKA IIEAIA-
Me)'enjocpeencldpevegIIEA rotr eppav(olrar,<itcvdvcgc1trry6Etlveirol oepcyv4nttd
ne6[oxc0rrigxcl exelveEnounpoxrirrouvcnd percBc],fuiper'qporjpdoaal6 cttivtltocltl-
1d.Xrqvnepirncoo4ror rlvodpevouclo1ori,xcraLoBo[vorpeqv encydpevl]IEA pool-
!6pevororr,gpclvrpr.xdgfuvdpelg*or.rooxofwal oepop,t[ctotrcyolorj. Iuc vo ttctavo{-
oorpen ouppc(velon1bsrjreplnegi:noor1,cnclte(toll,iyoneploo6repqoxdtlq.Tr e[vct
cur<i,ourymrprp6vc,nor xlvelrc popnfcorotid.opc oxivrpotrcyolorj pepercBcl)'li;re-
vTlQori;
ASOroQioouprnl Euirafutot X1.30-17ocvncgd8er,1pc-
'Evc
pcxqrj,lem6 oto-
l,1voer.6dEpeenrgdveLcElcropr{gA xatn an ptgw6.povd6cpr{xor.rEnequpd},},eroloro
ndwporol andxullluxria^ytrilr.poBqrilo.Tolclpcvriprgo G psrqdro geripoorovppd-
1o.'Evcqe{pcI ongnepre)'fierErotroo},qvoer,6orjg61pr,olq1eipoplnld ne6(oB ttcrd
prjrogror:rilovotouooLlvoer,botiE,6nrr46e[1veuro opjpc.To pdrpotou,8, Ofvetclcnti
v1vft. (29-21):B = ponl,6norln o apl0pdEoreqrirvcvripovri6cprjxolg.Av olvoriootr-
pero plxpdnebiodlo o.nriro oo),qvoel66g,1 palqrmj porj@,p6oacrd rovpqdloe(-
v(rr,
Q"=gl=prnA.
Otavro pefpaoTooorl"rlvoelbdgperaBdl,l,,etcllpovuui,pleroBril.l.ercr,ltcr,4papqtr.xrj
porj,rol cnipqtrlvop.Lerovv6poror Faradayq encl6pevrlHEA orovBqdloeivcu
30-16 OopdEioveroyopdvov
Qeupftovxa0dEo pol''llqErrv€iior,
notdp{nogroudfovoroucliyr.1.lou
pQdxo!.A!u = 0,idi€1=0.
30-17 (a)OroneipeEoropcxpl
oolllo€DdEp€toqdQouvQ€i[o1rou
cu[drerpepu0pddlldl.H pcp,rltrxtj
por{orooolrlvoelbdEor-r[rivelpe
QrJopddosldt.Au1iI [E1o0o].Id[svrt
poriaepv<lcrri ouppdrwopQdlope
&rioldl€opovoendy€ro[oeolTdv
HEAt = d@rldt.H HEA€TidyEi
pe{po1'nooro perpciro
"/d1.pd!dF6rQoG. (b)Top{oro
edre6orouPprilou.
da" .dI= - ; = = - U " n A - - - ,
d t " d l
Av 1 ol,unjovriorcorlrou pg61oue(vcuR,ro encl6pevopeiipc,1',orovpgtilo efvcl1' =
uR.
( a )

15. 3O-5 ETIATOMENAH,A.EKTPIKATIEAIA 8sl
I IIAI'rAEIf NIA 3O_I3
Yno0dore titr ro poxqd oroi,1voe1669rou )y.30-'L7a 6yxt
1000or€[e€Eovd pdxQo?iqudr! ro Q€fpc nou ng droqqder
orfciver,poguopd100A/s. To epBo6rivbrcroprjgro! oo1,1-
voedodgeivcr,4,0cm'?= 4,0 x 10-am2.No Bpe0eiropdrpo
qg eroldpevlg HEA.
AYEH X.orlorponor(6vrqEro orrordl€opo nor p<i),r,9ppr]-
rop€, I rrqldp€vl HEA eav0r
^ da"
Adl
" = - d ,
= l o n , 1 ,
= (4t x 70 ' WblA . m) (1000orefQ€E/m)
x (4,0x 10 I mr)(100A/s)
= - 5 0 x 1 06 W b / s= - 5 0 x 1 0 6 V = - 5 0 F V .
Xro X1.30-17b1 porjzpoEro enineOorol opjpcnogcr'!ri-
vFr.>iug(ljvc Usrov xcv<ivcrou 6slrori leptori. ro Ggvl -
rd npdorlpor4Et oeipeudru1 goqri q( HEA €ivol owioe-
rq r1Egopdgrorv6erntc6vlou Qol,oyto{.IlQoo'[o0ior€ vcr
€nal'n0erio€rE<ir ral o vripogrou knz :rpopl"drerc.wrjrq
cpoprit4EHEA.
|oLu i)tvap46pagxrveirc qoqricorovBQdXo;AsvWoQs(voeivor.prapayvqnx{
6ivcpq,ener,6rio c.loydg6€vxnr€iro!oepolvrlrlxdne6ioxcl oTlvngcrlparlxrirrpc6ev
EfuaL^,t(Npioa oepoyvTpxdJ[s6(o.Efpaoreovalxoopldvor,vc oupreqdvolps6rr]TQd[er
vourrdQxsrdvo€fioyripevo4lexrglxdns6aoorovoyoydnoluapoxa)"{raratujrI lt€ta-
Ba)-),6pa'4pcLyryturjpotj.Au'r6,unopti^tocpo(vrror),iyoroQdlevo evc6eipraoreouvrl0l-
opdvorvc oxeqrripaorecftr"ro llettplxri fiebiorlQo]iolsiralorri 4].exrpuxcirpop,tfc,roipc
Lfpe6rl xcrrixdnoLovrqdro 6vo.peroBo)").rlpevopclvrlnxrine6[o],er.rouqr1eiogn11j 1-
),empr.norjneiiou.Enioqg,efvoLdvoroprilevoei6oE1)"exrgr,xo{ne6[otr.'Orovdvopop-
rfo qxdva plofl}.{QlreprgoprioTovBpd1o,ro ollrd dQyonouflcgri.leroroeoud c.r<iro
lLextpr,xrine6iongdnelvc efvmfoopeto yl.vdpsvorouq rr[(qv HEAt. Aq],a6rj,to r1],e-
xrgrrdne6ioorovBe6Xo6er€ivar6ntqq4rrxo,oripqovcpr rovrqdno:roulqloLponourj-
oopsxor dQomo Keg.24,ener,6rjro rfitxopfl{},loolox}.{purporouE oex},euo'[d6pdpo
e(vorp1pl6evLx<i.Atrrdro efiuxcpfii].Loo],ox],{Eopc,lldhoro,6fv€tro dqlonounapd-
1tLro urol6pevone6[oE cvtipovribcqoqriouxor.eivorioottenlv sfialdpsq HEA:
|E.il=e.
(30-8)
XritrrgovaperovvdporouFaradayI HEAt elvclro cpvqnxtitol pu0porjpercBo],rjgqE
pclvlrlxriEgorjE[600on6rov pprilo.flc tqv regfttDol aur]i€rovd8loxunc6volperov
v6poror Faradayxcr,dlor-rpe
{"
*=-* (30-e)
Xavrcqti8eLlpa,uno0drolpedn o ruxi,ut6Epprllogrou)1. 30-17beXrrcxrwar.
TolLercqLxdrs6[o.Ed1er",]"ri1oclovr,xrjgoupperpiaE,ro i6r,op6rgooexd0eorlpeiorou
lr{}ilou}io[€ival€qanrr5pevoorovtrjx],ooexd0eoqpeiotou.(H ouppLerpia0c endtpene
tn(or1gxataxtuLxdre6(o,triredpoEo v6poErou Gauss0o.uncLrofoerqv ncgoloic
goprioupdocorovrrjxl.o,nrin:rol 6evougpoivel.)To e:rr,xotrrmll.LooLon),rjQ0tl.roorlv
E!. (30-9)xcrc),rj^yer"oni.6Eoro^yr,vriprvoroupdrpor.rE enin1vneplq6qela2antol Bpti-
Xo1r,9E ,dl = 2nrE,xat,1E.(30-9)6(ver"ro cnord),eopc
(30-10)
)ro opipc rapouold(ovrcloLxcreuOdvorLgrouE or br,cipopcorlpeicrouBgdlou.To
E (ytt rna lxaarxd atnriqv rcarei0uvorl,e:rrt6rjro otroxlrjpurl.rof E . dl np€nuvt
sfvorcqvrpLnddravxodQrldt Efu:lgExL^A6.
AEnpooraO{oorperc6qavaou.vrclputilolperc ororlefcnoudXolpe.O vdpoErou
Faraday,El. (30-3),ro^1ier.yla6{oxdncrig6r.cqopeu.xdgxcrco'rtioeLg.!r4 pio,pa.yv1rl-
xdg8rvdtrreugnoucoxodl'roloegoptfc enrilolv HEAdrovo cylyiE ntveiror.peocoe
popqnxd ne6io.XrqvriLl.4,fvc 1govlruipercpcD,ripevopalvqtlxrine6[oendlerl].er,-
rprrdne8iooecx(vryoo.1,o^yri,peanor6leopcva erri.yerar,HEA.)rq 8erirepqrepumo-
or1trti'yeta.r,ne6[o,Emuipl ri,orrircv6evuntiglel cyr.oy5E.Arrr5to nebioE d1er.puooq-
po.t'rrxrfbLcrpopdaro rc ql'txrpomanxtint}.n./a, twat6nr4pryrmd,6qLa6r,otnxa-
pnUtrLooLox).rjpcogc!E.dlat xl.rro,d6pt5pool"oril"riqororlg6rvp16ev(ercr.
'Orcv
]"or-
ndvxw10e(cpoqriooxol,ou06wagtl.elorri6gripo,ro ne6iolcgrilel pr1pl8evrxrjnoori-
- 1
-
2nr
dQ"
dt

16. 852
30-18 (a)MerolJ'LrriEbioxogrotr
TiEQrorQdeeroroexdr0€Totlq'vlTrrd
nebio(url,ertid.oE).
(b)ALvopeipcrcirouirQoto),oir"lol
o.ndfilv en0y6Kvl HEA.
KEOAAAIO 30 HAEKTPOMAINHTIKH EIIA|OIH
rlro 6Qyouor orrrd.Ero[dv0]S,6evdlerv6qpn1 6'ttoIl rct:,utapLxoliyto dvor6xolo
Jrr6io,xorxoovoprdlolprepqql*rpootatxri ne0io.Avrr06toE,dvclLsv.rQomcrlxon€-
6(oe(vcu;rrirra6ral1p1rLnd,rinr-rrEeibapeoroE0.24-1,tor rdvrc o1€r(€rorpt prqd-
"rforor1louvdQr1ol6uvoprro{,flcrpd116rocpopdallj, 110eps}'t66r1EeniOpoo4ozor-
oudtjrorclLeu;rptxoirebioutivct va a.oxe(6rjtaFI lq = qEo€goQrioq.H o1do1dt'rli r-
o1d€r€irrro E eivcL6rotlp4rrxdns6foror 6Ituot'Qy€itcrcndrctcrvop{qoQriou,€ir€
sivor[I 6[or1Qllrrx6flt6(orotrlroQd1sralofidperops]']'6trsvlpdlvlrrtlliQoli.'Eror,
d,nperapn).l.cipevogcrlvqlzcine6io).eno!p./tiocvnryi I)'elirQD{o{[t6i.
or,rdrorouei6ot'g6tlL,lignor6tvprroporilelo.6rlpLoupfiooup€psiloptdmorrxl xoTovo-
prjqogrior.Mlopci nu6 vc qci,verarrcrpdlevo,a).).ddrorleLrolqle[1 qio1. EnioqE,
crnrj1 e!d7'r!1c(vcLcvri),o11pLerov.levr.zelpr"dvovdporol Ampirerou nep 'ogpdverro
pe{paperctdnrol<,xnt 6eilvrr 6rrdvagetapo}.}.dpevo47extpm6ntbio}.etrorpleiorg
n1yt14t1v4ruointbiol. @c6leqelvriooupepareproodrcptg).srropdqeLeEcurqq oup-
pLerp[nperoli tr,rv6t1ore6lovoroKeq.33.
Av dlereczdprlqv napcrpLrxp{cpqrpo},io1rcqv inctplqrrrivpc'1v4rrzdenald-
pevoivrll"trrrgrzrivre6ic'r,,ozeqneirepeqLxdgcndnErotrldEnqcxttxdgeqoppoydErolE.
Itqv xeqo),rjcrvoropa^1oyjgevdgpclvlroqtuvout:rdlovratpaipttraot tvu cz(v1ron1-
vioxo.0c6gzn,e(rorpnpomdrouiLrctcrvio pLenepLold_<noudlouvbrccpopsrll{pclv{rl-
o1.Orxrcpa).dgrol obq.lof6foxorrcovrno].o.4otri;vlenouqloiv peqv i6r.ccppj. Or
oro0ryjpegorLgllenrgrzdgzr0cipeElgrlorponorodvqeipctc nol endlovrctot cxrv4rcr
m1v[a)"{rpeoEcndrrErolcvrri;otrgrov o16lqopnlvltlxtivlopbci.rvrol pp(orovrorlo-
vrd.Orevn),)'ux{peEnoutl1ouvrc:rsptood,eqccurori,vlrcIQIo[[ofiotouv]rEQrorQ€-
cpdpevor.rEp6vlpougprcyvrjtsEi,rovo tndlolv geiparcoer.trivrlrcr1viu.Oagno.oofoa-
psvcrolvelfooupLerql onopiOplo4rdtoltov:regLnr6oeorvpnopeivc p1vro ouvelblro-
noloipe,a),ldto poyvryxr,igeroydpevclLez,rprxdrebicna(orv olpuwLxdgtilo orqv
xc04papLvrjpog[rri{.
t : r l ,
- .
. , : .
2ra rcpcbe[1pnrnrclrvcpcrroprivroveroyaiytjgnol pe],er{oapLe,rn enaldpevcpefpcro
{tcv neproprop6vnoexo}.dnct0oprogdvoug6qdporgpdoccndcltrrloiExcr.aniiro t1},}"4
oumcrrnd[dQI:rouo1rlLror(ou't6"taxix).apa.l[o)J'dgllexrplxdgouoxeldE,dptuE,ra-
pldlou xolrprirroperdLltovrou sirertvoiwcLoepalvltxd ne6(<rrj Bgioxowurpdcrcoe
percpo)"l"dprvopoyvlrlld rebic.Xertror€crr€QrJrrruo€L!€[c1ov'tctpt{ptcrorouut'x}.o-
goporjvp6ocmovci.7xororrl)'rxoi. Enerbrjor.erx6veggorjgrotrgpouilolv pt 6iveEnol
61puolp1o{woroenordptqrc olopdlot.rpe0rvogetipctc,
Osopfm€ogncpd6erlpcdvcgercl'l.rz<i6[oxorou regrmpdqtroro€l.royvluxo
re8(oro oroio e(r,o.Lreproglopdvoot ptl grxprlrtplol{ 11;tlr,cpcivtrc;rol 6(oxolxnl
e[vorxd0erooeol'qv, drog brfprL ro 21.30-18a.O ropdcgODnepvdpdocanciro re-
6io,geanotf),sopovo sndlermoeaurdvHEA.Ol ropLefgOaxcrOc6evBpiozovrcr,pd-
oc mo nebio,rapdlorv dpogcl,tilrpolEbqripolg1r,cAogtfcnol xr,vrj0rycvcrd ro O
o'rob,rimevrienLorpdrirollo:n6rcb mo O.AnordleopcclrrjgrlE brobrliaofoE€ivmI
m.rx),oqoplctbLvopeupdrc,wmov6ioro,dm,ig6eipsl ro !1. 30-18b.
)ro peripLcnol dlerqopdngogro rtlrcom1vneqtol{ror ropfc Obcoreircr pc-
lvrprxrjbrlvoglnqoErc 6elui rol awrci9eratanlt ntpungocgrjtol 6ioxol,rrt'pqu-,vc;re
rqvnqcip),np1rorrvdpourorrLenz.To perjpotcerrmpoqrjgppioxowoLd[trrandro neb(o,
pecnotdleopnvc p4vcono{r,rcLoealrd rdrorrg6rvriperg.H clhlleribqcoq rtov6Lvo-
peupdrtr.rvpLero rs6(onpozai.eiqqevdgroprcrotl8iorou,ExperclJ'eUripnmeftrorc.qct-
v6pevc.Trcvo mopaljoolpe 1q{1ogcrqvneptcngoqrievcig6foxounqrovlori6ravo$rj-
vorpe11p4ltrvrjrou.OgLopdvolelcfoOryoL!u1oicnooBrivouvr<r],nlr6oeLqpeq po{-
0eracuroi rol cparvopdrol.To gpevdpLopnpc6rvopr{pcrcXp4o4Lonoreirarsnio4goe
ogrop6vc^1prj1ogc11),exrglztitgdvcr.H).errpopalvlreEtono0ellprdvormo pcrl6vraend-
.7olv6Lvoqerjpcrccnlgqd1eg,pecrord),aopora pLcp,ltLxcirediorol bqploupyor.lwalvr:r
rpoxci.otiv6lvdpelgndbrloqEtnouE4).exrpopcl,vrjreEncrznrdouvdrernmo pc16vro.
flc beriteponcpdberlgo0etoprjoretov orbrlponlg{vcrevdgperaollpcrlolj evo}.-
Inooopdvoupr{pcrog,:rou6eiXverro XX.30-19a.To eva},},ooodpevo.otr.igoororgotef-
ovnlvio P 64proup.leievol,).ooodpevrlporjpdono'rovorbqponugrjvc.Alr{ q ouvel6g
percBcl.l,cipevlporjnpoxc,eipLoenoldpevqHEAmo 6elrrqeiovnrlvioS.O or8lqorr-
prjvnE,dpcog,eiraLalolldgxcLp:roqoipevc cnelrovfoorrpeonourbrjnore6urroprjrou,6-
n,ui,q11,44,pexlr),t6pcrcro dvapdocmo cil"l"o(>1.30 19b).H porjrou 0ronepvdzciOe

17. 30-6 AINOPEYMATA 853
AivoQ€!'p(lTq
6vccndff.ndru xuxlc6puroperoBdl.lsrarouveliE,psanordl,eo;ratc blvoqerjpcrova
xtnl,oqogorivoe<itrorov6yroror.roL8lqomgrjvc.Ol dpdpolrou ctol.ou0otivtc 6tvo-
paiporooppor(olv €fims6o.l(dOeroo'q payqnxr{pori.Aurrira 8woqedpcrcefvctc-
venrO{p1tc,enel6{oncru}.o{vevdqleuop,eq 0dppcvo41'Rtcl tnel6(nqoxc},orivcuri
rc (6lc cwr,rr.8dpevrlqorj.
Ta 6lvopeijpctonotr61g.r,orp1oriwaroengclpc.runo{gpetoopporlordErepr.opi-
lovrcr,olpowrxri perrl yEfloqEumarorinuqrjvc,6ql-c6rievdEololponup{vanouanme-
l,eircl cnd l'emd qil.l,o. H pe^ytiLriqLexrglx{enlqcvrlax{ ovriorooqroutdOeqd}'}'ot-t,
nouogefterclefrsoepuolnrieriorptoololeL6[ol,rj ot povtrrtlxrlpepv[tl,ottotoonxd
neplop(eltc blvoperiporooend0equl"lo(X1.3G-19c).Ol 6pripor.coueival6Lc06olpot
yuoro 6lvoperiparceivcr,oTwdregol,q IIEA nouendletcuoerdOe6qdpot(vct pl4dre-
pq,xcr,rc 6r,vogeiipcraneglog(owcu6poorr.xri.
Er pr.4origperooxllr.otuordg,6rou61elpe^ydl,1olpaoiovonpcrqOotivoucnc6lel-
egl.dyorblvopeupdrrrworoeldporo,oror,8lgoruprivegxotcoxetdlowclpeqlxegqoqfg
an6Eepplteg,nottfvcl ouvOercole[6r,ool6r{porncrril},covpetd},J"ov.Ar"rdra tlh.?adei-
varoL8lpopclvqnnri,o?,,l,rl61ou no).rip,e1ol.riteq1er,6uxrimtio, col ondtov nc0oprio(-
6tQo.
Tc dlvogerlpcra61otrvnoll.6gnpmruxdE1pr{oer,g.Avc96gaperqvn661o1l51to
6lvoper-rpdrtrrvoe(u1oig,oenepr.orpeq6peveEpr11cv{gxal drclprjloga tp6va.Arvoperi-
pcrc ngorclrorjvr4l neprorqoq{ror.rpetc},},utorj8ioror orougperprlrdglctcvti}'tlo1g 1-
),empr,rrjgevdqleng(rlg AEH)nol rrriplouv orc on(nc.Ta qeiiparaclrc.irntilowct.
orov6[oxocrn6rc polvlrlxri ne6[anounqotc],otivtc lplrovoer.6c6gpetopc].]'6peva
peiiporcoedvar1vio.XrolEqorlgvolgenc1ar1,rjE,rc Drvoqedpmclqlolponolo{walllc
vc Oepprivouvul"uuioenl,rjqo4ogqol.op6vc6o1s(c1r,clgrjoeuEongonoiegeivclono-
pafr4rovc cnoqeulSei6orc.rxcl l e].ri1r,on4p6],uvoqrov r]"r,rr.riv.T6]roE,ot.1vc6gupor,pe-
rc),)',r,no[avllveurdgnoupldnoupeoroolpelc e].611oroeceqo6g6plo(11.3G-20a)trel-
rouplorivcvryveriowcE8lvogeriporonouendlowal oepetclr)',uxriawlteipevc.Ilopri-
poLeEouoxerdE(X1.30-20b)1q1oll.lororotlt'rcu1tc.rov evronloptiOcppdvov0qoorp6v,
nououvrjOargncrchjlotrvvc eivo,rrondrr,oon6pnouxti),tcxol lcp6veE6exdqeg.
Arvoeedp0r0
30t-19 (a)flQonedovr0r
Deuregetovrqvio oe petaqll Fo'ilotli
eval),cooripevor peipcrog. (b)
Alvoperjporc orov o16lpolup{vo
noonopouolri(owcl on16lcrop{ oro
,4,4. (c) Il€EoQr,opdgrol
6r,voper.rpdrt,wpeq 1qrjo4qulJ,onof
,ruQiv0.
30-20 (a) Auxv€lrfliE [&d]J"ov oE
oqpeio€l'iyxouq€Oo60oIiou,
avryveriel6lvope{pcrcnou
urdyowcl oeo1t61lpccvruteipevo
c{rd dvq€lqllqqodp€lo [oy!.rFDid
ne6[o.(b) Orqoqryoiavuyvewdg
perdl'Lov )uewouplorivperrp i6la
qexi.
(a)
IIryio -
6dffiIs
IIqvf

18. 854 KEOAAAIO 30 IIAEKTPOMATNHTIKH EIIAIOIH
3O-7 or EErEeEErr roY MAXwELL
E(pcorerdpc or 0doqvaru)'(oupeor dvcelcqerLrdroprpdnoxdrotilegtg o16oer.E
perc$l qlenrpr.t6vne6itov,pcyv4rnriv le6irrrv,raLrov rq16v ror-rE,ro! dloupepe).eni-
oelorc rrLetno(cnepdlcLc.To rcxdronegr).cppdveLrdooep6ello6oelgror-roroptilo-
wcr elro6oerEtou Maxwell.Mnogelva0uptiore<irLo Maxwell{rcr curdE:rouenrvr!4or
r4v 6wolc rouqe{pcrogperardnlolgr4v onofcpe],enjocp€mo 86. 29-9.O Maxwell
6evcvcxtilupedl.egoudErq elr,orioelgptivogrotr,r4 Dlcninooe<iprogrrrgevrc[oorivo-
lo ral cvalvc6qloe14onou6ouinlrdroug,ngoBl.6nowcErotd niplo tr<i1on1v{ncql1 1-
l,exrgopolvryr.tttrivtttrtrrdrtov.
Ilpogro nopriv0c 8uorun6oorpetr,Eelr,oc6oelgrot Marwellor4vnloorl:{ popprj
rolg,1lc rqvrepi"rrroo4dnou6evunrigXorvqop,riaror,perJparc,orovxardro til.troxe-
vciXtupo.Aqyirepc0c priOoupentogvc rrgrqo:ronoroipr1c nrpurrr-6orrgcinouurrigXrr
bqlemqr,xi rj pc'yl"qrLrtjul,r.x6.
Ariour<inEellorioelErooMaxwellnepr.L.opptivouvotrox)'{gtrrpooexLeLorr{enrqd-
velcrouE rjror.rB. H rpdrq e(var.orlc6EovripoErol Gauss,El. (23-8).Iriggtovagt cu-
r6vrovv6po,ro enLqcveLcxtioi'on)'riporpcrouE oeororc6rirmr n)'eronir:rrgcivrrcr-
oofrcl pero llvdpevorou1/eoeniro oi'rxdqop,r(oQ.".,ror.rnepLx),eieralcnrirrlvrrrqd-
vttc cum:
(30-11)
H 6edteqlelioroolrouMaxwell,1 El. (28-8),6iverqv ovdlnoylo1€a1yr,tpaytquxa
re6(o.lrippovc pecr,r{v,ro smqcvercrrio}.ox}.rjpopcrouB oeorolcbrjnotex}.elonje-
rLqdveLce(vcrndworepq6dv:
i"'^=?
$".on
=o. (30-12)
Anmiq eliorrrorlovopri(rcL oulvri v<ipogrou GaussyLcpc1.r,ryLxdne6ic.H o4pcoicn1g
eivor.,prerc$tiLi'tov,<irl6evtrtiglorv pcplrrrd povrirolo (pepovrrlpdvcpclvlrrx<i
goprfc)y,c vc bgrioouvognqldgpcp,rplxorjne6ior;.
H rgiq elioroolefvolo v6poErouAmpdreorovoroio dleLtr1qOeir.rncirirlxcr.ro
peiipoperordlrol5,ral q tdtapnleivcr.o vtipogrouFaraday.lfpcprrrvopr rovvol.rorou
Arnpdre,drog curdg6rcrunrivrrcroroE6.29-9,ro qe{pcclolrprftqrcE1. pa![ pero
ge{papercr<inrorlEendQ6ldt,6nouQt t(vcl 1 llexrglrrj qorj,6qouvtogrqldEror:pc-
vlflrr,xo{ne6[or:
(30-13)
O vripoErouFaradayrou pe).errjocpeoroxegd)'o,Locurti,lraloprrirL drrprrc-
palJlipevopcprplx<ire6(orl percBol,kipevlpoprpLnj go{ erriler 1trexrpr,x6nebio:
{"'"=-*
nfLl4
Tolelovrigrinro enllogrnll,loolonhiqtrrpcoqv El, (30-14)6eveivcltrr46dv6e(1veltirL
ro ne6ioEnou0lpLloupyeftouon<itrr,etcBalkipeulpolvlnrrj porj6eve[vcr.8uoqplnxri.
To ol.Ln6ne6[oE oexdnolooqpe(orol yiqou propefvc npodqlercl,levrxci,onri
rqvu:r6g0eo1roupaprpLrderoyipevolrs6(ouf" xar,ev<!Ene6iouE. notrnpoxotre(ror
o]rdpLcxcrcvoprjcx(vqrolvqoqdov.(OLoefitreEolpcfvolv pq1]'exrqooranxrl,n,rcL
ql'exrgoorcrlx6,e,cwLorofltrtg.)A1/'ab{,
E=E"+8".
Tolirexrpoorarr.nrip6poEE"e(tat"rd.wa6r.cr4g4rutdripa f f". at = 0.To6rorqplrr,x<i
pdqogroune6(ou6evouveroq6peLorool.oxhjpropcrouvdpotrrolFaraday,xcrp,ropori-
psvc 0eoprjooupecirlroE r1gEl. (30-14) vatrc o).mdrlLexrpLrrlne6(odnclneqL6leL
ro E"notrogeiletclorc qoqric,xa0rriExal ro pal"qnxd e:rcyrlpevo8". E:r[oqg,ener,6rj
to p1brallprlnxripdgoEE"tounrbiouE 6ev61pr.orp1eirolondorcrlld cpoqric,ro olo-
lo.ar=u,("*r,ff).

19. 3(L7 OIEEI'O'EI' TOYMAXWELL
rMAo[a 94
.d,4efvolnriwotepr166v'ropr18Lcqgrplxrine6[on"6evouvelog6qer,oro
ol,ox),tjptrlporotrvtipourotrGauss.hpne gcivorpr 6rLor riLeErr.ge!r,o6oelErou
Marwel|E e(varto oALxdrlLzxr,gm6nz6(o'ol efiuorl1oelgaurdg6evxrivouv8r,olrrrpr,opri
perc$ 6tcrqplrLxc6vxor.pr16r,mqpqnxr6vrebiatv.
Xu^yxgtuowogng E[. (30-13)xor(30-14),naqaqgorlpepLcemmorlcxr{ouppe-
rp[o.Xipcprovcper1vE!. (30-13)puopercpall6pevqllexrpnri goribrlproug1,tiprapl-
ruxtine6io,ncl oipgtrrvcpeqv El. (30-14)plc percpol"kipevrlpoprlrr,xrjgorj6qploug-
1e[q]"etrpltuire6io.)tr1vrqcypcrlxtirqrc,oroxevri,rinou6evundpler,per.ipccyoyr,gri-
qrcg,1" = 0,or"6{o elr,o6oeqdlor.rvqv (6n ;roqqrj,perougpd}"olErouE xatrouB u-
vrorpcppdvolg,ndpaorrj plc oglOp4rlx{orc0egtixcr,dvccpvpr6lpdoqpo. H i6lc
cunjoupperg(ce[vor.en(o1Eepqovrjgxcr.orlgng6regErioelloc6oelgoroxevd,6rou6ev
lntigler cpoprfo,ol ellorioeqdlouvrqv[6r,caxqr,pc6gpogqrj,peq provonepldlerro E
tct mv d].].rroB.
Mnopotjpera encvc.6r.crunc6ooupel.g El. (30-13)xcl (30-14)pebnqoperlxriaI-
ld r,oo6rivo.pr1poqqri,erorilovroErorrEoploporjgqE ql,exrplxrjgxalqg po.yvrlrrxrjEporjE,
Qu= )E
.dAxat@"= )B ,dA,cr"tLoxo(X,u:E.Xrorevr5,6nol 6evtndqlel qeiipaxcl gop-
t(o,1. = 0xorQ"".,= 0.Ttite,
855
(30-15)
(30-16)
Ilper6volpercl ndh.q ouppetp(cpma$irov re6(orvE xcuB oecurdErq o1doe6.
Tonr.oalr.ooqpeioropc6qlopcrcurc6vrov efrdoruw s(vcrdrr.1 lqovu,criperapo-
Li1xa9wriEan6rt &!o ne6(aerd.Terne8ioror:dl.l.ol.rdnor.rmlg yer"rovrxrgleploXiE
rouX6Qou.O Maxwellovc^yvr,iploedruour6Eor,oldoeugnpopl,dnolvrqvriroq[1 1]'r-
rrpopc^yqnxdv6uotcpclc6vnor-rcncgr(owcLcndl.oovrxriprercpcl,l,6pevc.ll.errpuxri
rcnpclvqrLxtinc6(oror o6e{ouv,rjdradi6owa4cn6dvrrorlpeiororr16pol oeri}.}.o,a-
ttripl xal c.v6evuriple r.rjll orovevbr.tipeoop6po.AtrrdEor,Elotagcl6govoprilowc.L
f,txrpopayv4rLxd.xtparu xat naplyouvq qr-ror,xr{priol yroro grog,rc gcbloqovrxri
xcLq)"eonrutdxripo.rc,ro udqr0po, ro uneguli6eg,rLgcrcr(veEX xar.pa ro lrdl.ono
4/'.exrpopc^yvlrlx<ipdopa.Oo enav6l,0orproecurdro lrorLxrjgolpao(aE0dpooro
Keco.33.
MnopeIvc p1vefvar,npoqovdE,dprogoue!lo6oelgrouMaxwelllepudlouvd,l.egrlg
pcouxdgoldoer.gperclriratvll.exrqLxrivncrpc.Tvqrrxrivnebiovxcr,rtovnq16vrouE.E(-
pcoreoe0doqvc rcpaydyouprerovvriporouCoulombafidrovvripororrGauss,rovvri-
poxovBiot-Savarton6rovvriporouAmpBrexcl o{rarxc.0'elrjE.OrovrpooOdoolpe
tol l1v elioool nouop(rr,rovrpt5noperovono(otc ns6[aE xar,Baoro{vbuvdpelgoe
qoQrioq,
P=q(E+tuxB). (30-17)
61oupeoq Er,riOeorjpagd),eErr"g0epel"r,c66rr.goldoer.Eror.rrli,errqopa^yvltroporjl
TdLog,olpel6volpedrt 0aumipleoxripqpeyakitepqor.rpperp(cperclf rorvne-
6iorvn xor,8o16EE.(30_11)- (30-14)cv umjplovpepovropdvcpc^yvltxtiqogrfa(po-
yvltlxri pov6nolo).H 6e!rdrletrqti qE El. (30-12)0onepreip ro o),,tx6payv1rud
qoqrionou0c neprxLerftovcrd qv enlqdver.a,evd1 6elr"dn),eupdr1gE!. (30-14)0a
reglef1edvcvcigo1r,cro perjpotor-rpa^yv4rlxorjpovonril.ol.
'IoroE
oQx(oorsvo xoro].o-
Bcivererovl,ti^yo1,rorovonofonol,),oiqlolxo( 0c enLoupotlocvqv rincp!4pcyvlrlxrriv
povondl.ov:0c Bol0oriocvvore)"eronor,10airo pdrpon1gpc0lpcrr,xrjEloilo4E rov e!r,-
o6oetrlvrorrMaxwell.
Tolelovtigrirr,o1i.exr,oopoprploprigpnoqeIvc ncgouorcoreIperrioovorxoxlpe-
pdvo)rorxolrpdrQ6no{rcv pr,crbra[repc.lxcvonolrlruujo.vord],upl.Ore[uoc6osr,Erou
Marvellppioxowcr,,ord dflo{I fisQr€Xopdvouxor,'yevlxdnpo,g,oqv [6r,czarqlopicpe
rouEvripolEqg xivlolE rouNer,rovcncl petotEvripougn1g0egpo6uvapLxr{g.Aunj eil-
vttLpdpcra1 ouoior1genloniplg- to vcrpa0cfvouprrriEva enpqdlouprenohi1nut6g
oldoelgpe:reglemlrdnorouvonnxd196lo.O rg<inogperovonoioolvdOsoerov1),ex-
{n.at=,,u,$ln.ae.
{n.a=-$ln.ad.

20. 856 KEOAAAIO 30 HAEKTPOMATNHTIKH EIIATOTH
rQola'],vrF|,opdo Maxwelloro,rr].ri )colooorc[o]w0upoflxdsrix€uYpa,ou'frQiolpoU€fll
NerndveLcorivOeo4nor.rnepLlEirpcpeorordtroErou E6.12-6,perqv cvri:rruElntg ole-
tlx6lrpcgrov elxoorticLrivc,pr qv xpcwopllcvr,xrixcl perrlv rardvdlol rot-rDNA.
'Ol.c
cr-rrdrfva.ldpoqgaxcl 6efpow q onou8crdrryorr.overlrel^ypdrow1c rc onoic
e(vclulrcvclgo votrgroucv0qoinol!
3O-8 YIIEPArOrIMoTHTA:
Mrc er0rnrip€ldt4 ro)vpoTvqtr&dvlDr.otritov
I (K)
H nropoonj l6ulrqraevriErnepalolof eivor11crriropl ror.rLrjplEelcativloqqg 1l'e-
ntptxrjgcvrfmco1g&dv Uux0sfosOrqponpco(c1cp1].rireq1cr<itqv xpior,p4Oeppo-
xqco[c.,T.. Me]'rxrioopsourdro qclvtipevoxo.rrovrgdnoperovo:roiocvcxa],rigoqne
oroE6.26-2.Yrepultollpdqro riptrrE6evelvolprivov1 anouo[apergrjorplEcvr(o,a-
o1g.Or.orepclrrryo(dlouveriorlEevruroawxtgpapqtrxfEtbLr5qreE,peprxeEontirr,go-
noieg0c bregetrv{oor-rpsoroe&iqrocrr6.
H npaxrldv6er,!qy,c qv rjncqlq currfvrrrrvcouvrj0rorrovpapltuxtfv r.6Lor(rowrj-
xdvI dvoxdLupldrL1 4ioLp10eqpoxgoofcZ.onoLou6rjrorepcpqrr,xoriu].lxoripero-
pdlleraL6rcvto ul,Lxrlrono0e,q0e(oeelrrnepnuipcprprx6re6ioBo.ToX1.30-216ei-
per,r4v eldqnlorl cuni yLcrov r6priq1rupo,ro rgairo oroLle(oorooro(orcqmrlpr{Orpte
r1r-rneqcltrrll;rtiqra,.Ko0c6Eculriver.ro pdrqorol elolreglxoripclvlrutorjne6(or.r-B.,,1
oi'tro,4jcpciolEoqv lrepolc61up4xordorcoqouppoiveloedl,oxor,lcplldreprl0eppo-
xqcofc.
'Orav
ro .Bo^y[veLpelc].rirepocnd:reg(notr0,04T,rriredevyiverorc]"],o.4ipri-
o1E.To eldlLoropolvrlrlxi ne6[onouc:rclre(rcLyLcvc elcgcvLo0rl1 l:rrpclarlLprirl-
ta otop(lerat.xpiotponedio,8,.
To X1.30-21efuat&a uiypappaEdotav xar"6t(ylterfioroqdol (ncrovr.xrjrj
lnepcyi^1Lpr1)rcgarlpeiror lrc 6e6opdveEolv0{neg0epproxpao(cgrcr pclv4rlxoti
re6[ou.E[vaLcvri].o.1onrrvOlclpcppdrorvrpdoeovp-T nol pelenjoapeoro86. 1G6,rc
onofc6r[1vouvoerorc Ariol (meper|u.yq{{ cdpLc)ppioxercudval},r,xriyn 6e6otrrdveg
ouv0rjxeg0eppoxpao,oErar :ri€orlE.
Mlc ri),).1onou6cicL6rdrrycqg urepo,ltrryupdrlrcgeivol1 rl.rjglg onouofnpc-
l"vryuiolim8fot-rpdocoeuneqa.lto^yo{E.Avroro0sx{oorpepr,copoLripoqqlogdiQoo,xd
xcvovrxri6rcpclvrpLx<irj rcpo.pcyvrpr{do},.rxd(:I. 3022a)at pclvlrlnd ne6io(X1.
30-22b),ro re6iopdocorou),utdelvcLneqinolro f6Lopr crndlou urdqlel 6ltrl.(Erlld-
lolpe ro oqcLqLxdopjpc cner,6rjoqv nepfintoorlcrmiro ne6(opdoooror.rLltde[vclo-
polev6gxal drolcnorpeillotrpeneqm).ott6Efiol o{€x(owoL[€ xoox{poxouo6[droE.)H
oplrrj 6LaregmdrqrcK, oerftoLcr.rLLnd(E6.29-8)ouvri0roE8uoqdpeI onriq povdbc
xmd l'11<irrqorurd0,lVo.'Orcn6yngrcno0er10e[dvaElrepcyoydgo€po].vTlttdfir8io,
ncgcq.oori;reftL deruntigler:rs6(opdoooroul.rrd(oQRe(ro eloneplx6ne6iovu eival
30-21 AriypoppoqdoqE1a
rcOapd u6pripltrpo, rou 6eipe t qv
rQioul e€QporQaoidTcfiIv orofo
10ul'[rd xi€Qvdoq1, un€Qoy61,lprl
acrdorooq xor qv eldgrloi r4g crrl
To pcyvrpr,n6re6io.AlJc
ur€Qoye'/r[a u],!r{ddxouvnopdgor€E
nop.rriLeg,oeblcgopertadgdgrrrg
xl,iFqr€g.
@B = 0
(a) Xtopigeltareprxri
pawtrLtd n€Eio
(b) Il0popolvryr,{i ri
6rspslwxnri oqo(Qa
(((,)))
(c) Yr€aoyoiyLpn
oqc{Qcl
Bo
30-22 (a)
'Orav
6evurdpXerefonepurdre6fo, to, €ivorfiq!'toi 066v. (b)
'Orcrv
dvcrxcrvovLlri
napo[d|^aFrxdi 6[a[o]n',lrurd!i"r.rdioroo€qoei oeelc'xeglxri:re6io,0, ro n€6io[ioo oto!].trd
€ivarrr€Qrrouioo F€ro 86,(c)'Otcv unepaloiyqoul,[r{iroro0€qe€[ o€€€oi€QllidFdlvlltxd n€6ao
,0,r0 ?t€Oiotdoq fio ul,Lndeivcrpq6dv.
B (T)
Yneeayoirylprl
qtro4

21. 3O-8 YIIEPAIOTIMOTHTA
prxQ6rsQoondxoB.).Orlqappdgrol ne6iotncpapoqcpdvovrcu6norE6eilveLro 11.
30-22c.lla vc enr,Bepar"6ooupeqv anouo(opolvl1rrxo{rt6iou oroeootsplxritoul}rL-
xori,pnoporjpevorulfiorpe o'uqpcriorevc o'xlporLo0efn1v(oligto on6ro 6ei1pcxcl
qdpvowaEro rrl.r.x<1m1vlneqcyi^yr,pr1qriol va eveglonol(oouplero elcoreptlrins6[o,
@cpporipe6rr.6evendysrarHEAororlvio cut6oqpaiveldtr 6evperapd),Letcr,1 gori
pdoccndro n1v[oxor.dpo6evtntiqleLne6[oB oto eoolrepLxdrou6ef1trtotogtitove-
qaqpoo,eIroeloneQl]i6fi€6fo.
Mloporjpevoxatcl.,ripoupenolotttdqv onolofapapltuxorjJ[€6[ot'oro€oc]r€Ql-
xriev<iErnepcyolorjpeaqerqp(ctn 6lvoperiporanotrendlowclorou).rx6.OvdpoEron
Lenz6e(Xvel6tucurtira pefpctccwltiOewornciwotso'l1vcdi"o'yriror-rta npoxtileoe'
orrlvr€Qfrftoo1dlJxlirc nqoxclrei1 crlov<ipev1pc.lvrplnrjqo(.
'EvoE
ue gcloyig 6ev
npoBrl)'.lelxcp(oovrlorao1mo qellpc,peouvdneLctc encltipevc.Dlvopetiporavc cl'rl-
r[Oewclor1peroBolrjrqggorigperdol ert,ulio c'lorevcpqr lntlqleuouvo],rxtjprttcpo-
I( rIE poig.
H dvd),uorlrou xdvopsyroxdl.loyvr1xrxrir.rl.lxrioroE6.29-88eilveL6tr,oenep[-
rrrool rou 6vcgqerpcrogripogclto^ydgregr,Brill.ercrewel'rigcncipalvtlrtri.dul.txd,ro
pclvqnxrinebioB cnoeocxepuxtiror ll,trori6rotpdperanriro nebioB.,norto i6rope{pc
gc brlpuouplotoemo xev6,l"6yl qg pc^yvrjtr.olgM (pc^yvqrlnriEpomiSovripovci8cti-
.7xotr)rouul.utori.Xly,cexgupdvo.,
B = B o * p o M . (30-18)
Aur{ 1 o16o11loyjel en(or1gxc.u1r"o6cxru},loe66Eoto}.r1voer,6dgpeneqrdlt!11tipcoo16
6vav:nrgrjvcpclvlrrxorir-r}.rnot1,6rav6evunriqlerpalvrylxtine6[odlo crti atnrJvrov
nuprivu.()e nuolevun6Ereqmrrr5ostg,<iroruntiplel pclvtltttd ne6(omo eorlreqLx6
xa,uoroeforepuxdroupclvryworir:htof, royiotrvnolut?'oldreqeEoldoelE.)
H pralvrjrloqM oe6vonapapa^yvrplxtiul.r,rrirpoxrlnrelan6rovnporlp4reorpo-
ocvcrol,lopdtov pdvr"ptovpclvtlnxriv 6r,n6l.ovra orolc o'1er(or.tuupeqv rqopcxrj xi
vlol no.r.ro orrLvrcDv1),errgovfrovrouu].rxoti.Ta 6kola ttivotlvvc eu0llgcppuoro{vpe
r1vxcte{Ouvo1rotrnebiouto B.,tor.1M 61owqv i6uotare{Owo1,xcl roB dleup,e1o-
).utepop6rpourri ro Bo.Xtc 6lopoyvltLxrilllxri 1 poprjtLoqxpoxintu" an6may6pua
paprlrrxi 6uro).c,1 M (.yu"uw(9enlxaref0woq ondto B.,xarto B 51eI plxgcirtpopd-
rpocrd roBo.H ouprepr.popdormje[vctouvenrjgperovv6porol knz.
Av q pc^yvrjtro4M eivar,avdl.opror:eltorepr,xorine8for8o,eivor.er(o1gcvd].oy1
roune6[ouB oroeooreplrdror l].'rxori.Mnoqo{pevo excppriooupecr.rnjqv avclol[a
lqlorporor,6woEq poprpuxrisnr6exnx<iqrcX,(notroqiocpemo E6.29-8)F€ro1,rrr:-
oo?idTorrodro:
Y.
u^M = ,:) -:LB.
r + 4 .
(30-1q)
857
Bt)
Bt)
(a) T>7"
).)
Tn ncpopcpltuui u),uxri61ouv0erlxdEent6emlxdrlrtg,evc6tc 6uopcyvlnxd.t.ttrtxtid-
1or.rvcqlrltr.xdg.Ol1, efvcr,nol'ripr,xgdE^yr.dtd fisqtoodrtQoropcpalqrltd ll uxti,perl-
pdgqg rtilqErou10-3rj nar,plxp<iregeg.Ol brcpclvqrlxdEenliextlttdqteEelvcl uxcitrtrl
plxprirepeg,ouvrjOcog-10-arj ncr.pr,xg6repeE.To4oMefvct,?.o1.'1,tdrq 6{0 lr€QLmoio€[8,
ouvrj0orgnoli puxq6rsQoorrdroL
flo. dvovlnego^yrrl16,p6pcn,tc encldpevoqerjpa.tcttol11owioroLll pclvtjtLol
dlouvapxertipe^ydl.eEnpdgaiorevc pleuc6oouvro pclvtlrlx<ifie6[oB fio tooreptxcirol
rhxoi oropqbdv,1e1ov<ignoucvrto,orle(oe8uopalvltrxrjenrbtmltriqtctX. = - 1xdL
olrr.t{ EtdjreQordrlro.K. = 0.Otur€Qolo1o[ovopdlolraupeplxdgqogdg,.rd].sra6n-
pcprpxri ul,r,xri,.
AE8orlpeplc ril dq1xISpoyvlrrliligoupneprcpoqdgttrtvtrnepcrloryc6v.Toro0e-
toripe;rLcopolsvrioqoipotrnepcy.'3^yLporutruttotjnot-r61el0eqpoxgco(oT pelo).rlre91
T1E7.oeopolevdgelunepr"xtipo1v1tr,x6re6(oB,,.Toul,r,xdpg(oxetcuttireorlv xcvovu-
xrj,xcr611crqvlnepo^yri1rp1,qriorl.Tone6[oe(rrorocvclrri nou6ei1ver.to )1. 30-23a
Xq nuvdler,ueLcrcivolpeq Oeppotcqao(c6onol vo1[vel1ptrdpdol o'n]vufi€QaYoYt-
p1nmcioruoq.(@eorporig,srirr,ro Bo6eve(vcur<ioopeyilo 6orevo epro6(oeLqv cllc-
yj qriorlE.)Tr.ouppa(veLoTone6(o;
Merprjoergrotrne6[or.roTo elorepuntir1goga.iqcg8eilvottvtltt oLlgcppfEroupc-
lqtxod re6lotrncqapoqg6vovrcr,6no46e[1ver.ro )1. 30-23b.Aevlrdpler.nrare6(o
oro eotoreglx<iror ltrlxoti, perlv nlOcvrieloipeol evdgnotrril.enroftnrpnvelo.xoti
(b)7< r"
B - 0
, = 0
(c) I< Z.
30-23 (a)
'Orqv
urEQoyiiyqro
ulrx6,o€geQponQooiouvd.ft€p'l
qrd q! rQio[p!,1oiroo€qosio€
eforeplxd pc^r}rplrri neoioBe,ro
ne6[opdoooroul,utdeivalnepinol
ioo p€Bo. (b) K006Elnix€ror ro
u).u6rcl, nepvciwcgordqv I.,
livrtcr uepcytillpo, cnolldl.l"elqi I
pc1vrylr{ po{ on6 to ufu,ldrol ro
n€biomo eoon€QlrdTou
p16ev(etcL. (c)
'Orcv
pq6evoreiro
e[c'nepw<inebiopeto u?'tx6vo
FQior€ror,onlv ur€Qqydyrlll Qdotl,
to ne6ioyive-rclpqbdvrcwoi 6ev
rrsQctlp€itc{ro}.troyi nlg pclvqru{g
porjgoro u?"la<i.

22. 858 KEOA AIO 30 HAEKTPOMATNIITIKH EIIATOTH
30-24
'E!oE
un€poyoldE oropeirol Ldyo nlg oromw{g btvoFrlEnou aoxEi dv(tpaywlrwd n€6io.
o[Q0jpffioE[r ndxoEfisQfrrot|r].(ordoxdtrov.Av fi€prBd]roul.lrTrlogofQoUsdvcrlvfo, rl
HEAnouend^yerclororqvio 8eipel dr,q pulv4tltt{qo{ pdooanrito n1v(o0}.orr6ve-
rcr c:rdr1v cp'1,n{rqgl.pri o'rop16dvxani rq 6ldgxer,crqEperdBaolgoqv ueqc16^yr,-
pr1xmriorcorl.Awd eivcrouvrndEpeqv orouoio r€6iouoxoeounrQl]dror.rtr].noli.T6-
l-og,cv cqcpdooupexoJ[€6iodooro ri].r,nripgiorercLorrl|].lorllvljfisQoy0;yrplgdon
(X1.30-23c),6cverrileralHEAoroqv(o xcl ol perEjorr,gbefivouv6116rvurdqpr nr-
6iooroelorepr,xdqE oqolqog.
2upneqcivolprtftr.torri 116uipnelct1E1r,rrdpdo1Eorqvt'fi€pcyciyuplncrriotcol
1rerloQouofoxor,fi€8ior-rB.,,aroptii'J.ercldl4 1 pc1v1rlm{porjpdocurd ro m1v(o.H a-
roBol( r1Epa.yvlruxrjgqorjEo toltdlt'tct"Earv6pevoMeissner(Mdto.vep)rc.r,ro X1.
30-23b0eiper rSrLar,rrjd1er,oEcnot6i'.coprcqv nrjxvOolrrrrvlpappdv rou pclvryr,nori
fi€8iot'fiov <rolll.rsQr,vri"qg oqcfpcExar,qv cw[oror,11ari!1o1rouB.
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23. EYNOIPH 8s9
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30-19 )e dvoxri),rv6qocrd laprdvrrutriyowar6rioqvic po-
vo[ivou odQFqxog,pEowioereEqopdg,tilroEbeilverro 11.30-30.
Ta d?eoa ror brourqviou.4 [noQoivvoouv6e0odvpepr-rarcp(c
[docD€vdg[€rqyoyod.Nc Bgeireavro erolti;revoperigao.rovo-
vrrordxlR €(votorldra cplorepdlpogto 6€Erd,{ qwrorpdeoE,
orrE,roQordror€Quwdosq:a)ro Qeipomoqvio,4 eivotco!c-
vdp€voxol dx€rgoQdqndro a orob, b)ro puipodletqogriaad
ro, oroa tqt peldveror,c)10Q€tFc€ivoloufcvdpevolor dXel
goQdord xo6moa.
E6<irpro30-5
Eacy<ipevarl1,€2'rrQrl4dn€6iq
30-20
'Evcg
on?'.tigtrrerao'llgotmrjEcloretre(lororri dvopc-
4 euo{lpoppooo}'Ivo€LOdE,[€ snrqdv€Looraroprig6,00cmr
xct pe10oleiqegorippcroEcvdezcroor<i,ro oroio6ropgi€rqrq-
rd ge{pa0,250A.'Evc Oeurepedovqvio, trre8 oleipegrepLprilL-
l,erTo oco),rlvoerbiEmoldwpo.rou.
'Orov
cvo(erro nporeioviuj-
xl,opo,ro payvqrrrdne6iooroocol,qvoeLodgpr16ev(ercloe0,0500
s.n6o1€ivqrI pdol€rcytipevlIIEA oro6ru€p€{ovfttvio;
30-21 To pdrporou go.,7v4ruorjne6iorB oe<il.r1q olrropdrrrl
xuxl.uujregroX{rouXX.30-28€(v0|oQlr.rd0,800T. (Oxrid,oE0q
pnoQouoevq olr[nQooorlEfr!r[gooe]yIorrtdrov Xolqogera[d
rov riLrov peril.ou 1l'exrpopal"vr{q.)To poyvqrLndne6ioxcrreu-
orjv€rqLxdoerGnQog10elilebo rol c;tipcfioglcL e]'orrciverorpe
pu0[ri- 0,0600T/s. a)TLpopqrj0odlouvoLlpap[riErouero.^7cl-
pevouq),exrplrodnedioupdooorovonlcopdvolrix),orou )1.
30-28; b) Bpeitero pdrgotor r1vxcrui0uvo4curo{rouire6iou
oeororo6rlnorrorlpeiorouxol)'rxoricr.yriiylpou6cuu)Lioupeoxr(-
vq0,100m. c)lftioogefpodropqielrovoo.nruLLocvq nwiorco{
xoo€ilvar2,00O; d) fldorleivurq ouQopd6uvopLnoigero(drr'r
o4peiova nolb rou6otrul,iou; e)Av xoneio 6olni),rogoexd-
roro olp€foro! oropaxguv0orivLilo ro dxpc,l<ior10a civcrr1
OLcrpopdDuvcprrorlperafiirov 6io dirporv;
30-22 To poprlrur.dre6io pdoooedvcporQri€r'eriyQoppooo-
l,qvoe16dgpexuz),rzri6tcroprirct axrivc R au[tiveLgepu0grl
r/8/r/r. a) Bpefrerov -ouOptiperc$ol,{EqE po{gpdoaard xrin},oo
oJToioEBQaoxsxotpdoq.oroorol.lvoerbdE,dlerc(xxivqrr,ro €rirr-
6drou e[vqLttioero qlov dEovorqt ro tdvrqorou eivcLoqpeio
roudlovc rorrooJ,rlvoer,6or1E.b) Bpeirero eroldpevoq),ettrpr,xri
irebiomo rooneprri rou oroLlvoeL0oi_<oecorriorcor;r,a:rdrov ti-
Eovdro!. Nq 6€G€r€'qvroreiouvoqouroi rou rebiouoedvq
brdyQs4ro.c)Ilioo civor,to elc,ldpevoql,emprxtire6iooroe-
{arcExd rcu aos},r1toer6origoecndoroorlr, qrd rov dEovdro!;
d) Nc rapoonjoerelpovuuiro pftqoroueaoydpevour1),erpuorj
xr€biououvaQlTio€tq! qJTdoroolgr qnd1ovdEovo(lndro r = 0
oEro r = 2R. e) BQ€i:rsnlv Errqdpsq HEAo€xtxlo rc qxlivo
R/2rou dlerro xdwpororlo[ovdEovqTouool,4voeL6odg.$ IId-
orl€lvqrI rrrcrydp€v!HEA av rl qrrivq qro eq.(e)eivatR; g)
IIdoI €ivqLI €rnydl€q I{EA ovI qxravqmo €p.(e)€fvqr2R;
Ebricpro30-8
Yneqcytoyrpdtr;ro:N{ro€r6u{rip€}"dt4
tov poyvqtu{0iv[6torrir(,)v
30-23 XeOepporgooi€Eliowd mo qrdl.urogr1Odv,rltprjrou
B.1taro povd6Lo,uleQc./oydflinouI, rQooew(srxo0,142T. To
pcvd6toiXerole6rivpq6evtx{poyqrrlttielrOe&rtxrir4rcoqv }io-
vovlxrigrio!. @eoprjoredvovponpriral l,emd1tl1fu"v6poPqvooiox
[€ ro! dEovdrouroQdl,],ql,ooepolvllxci le6ioBo,.rooloio d1er,
rfi€{ouvol movo€lrxddEovax.:rq olp€aolou efvcrcnogcxpu-
opdvctcrrdro driQclou zul,iv6gou,ro lrc4trlrLxdir€6ioEfvar,kiyc)
oupperpicrg,rcqdJ"qi'oorovdEovox.BQsir€xoolttd poywplrd
reoioB xalq poyvixloqM oro€ooxeQlxdtoLoroelol.replrdrol
ru)"iv0pou(gonpr,rior'rr!.rodr.porou)oeOeplroxpooieExowdoro
o:rri).wopr16dv.7Lca)Bo= (0,126T)i xcu b)80= (0,252T)t.
30-24 H 1l[trr1 ivororlSiV.efvoruneQqloyriEnirort II. >€
OeQ[oxQooi]€(llowdorocndtrurogr16dvrc 6io xQior[orrE6fc(rou
eivorB.,= 55,0mTnor8., = 15,0T. H pcprltx{ em6ex.nxdqro
rou SiV,oqv lovovtxriqdorleivotrepinoupr16dv.Oeorpriore6-
vov [oligj tcrr],Erc!dtrl],r:v6Qoqrd SiVj [€ rov rllovri rol lcprii,-
lllo os€Eor€Q[xd[c1n1txcilebio Bo,ro onoiodlertcwed8uvorl
rgogTo0etxdr. To gclvltxd le6io,l,<i1ooupl€xpiqE,€ivorro-
prilJ,4l,oorovri[ovor oed],arc oqpeicrou $QioxovrcrFC(rQrdq-
:rdrcrdrpo roulutrfvopou.Ie oepponpcroieExowti nro crlriLrrro
p16dv,ro elroreqlx<ipoyylrurdr€6iocuEdvslqtcrd ro unO{iv[€
aQ^/dQU0pd.BQ€frEToolrrxdpowrlltxdfiE6ioB xol.rqpolvrjrr,oq
M oro eorrneprxriacr trtoz,Qtdc{rrdrq drQqrou xu},ivbpou a)),iyo
nQrvoQxfo€rI pcryqnxriqo{ vcr6terobrierorou},txdxnr b) lriiLrg
ro u),rrdr€Qdo€l€yre),rrgorrlvlovovtarjptio4,
30-25
'Evo
pcrrprletl0yQqppooriQ[cr,xorqot€ooopdloo]id
u),urdur[€Qqyoyo]injrou I, Orcppde,or ord ora0eQdg€rjpqI A€i-
lete drtrc pefprc6cvp-rogeivo rivorxmaveprlpdvoopouipopqo
oq broroprjrou oripporoE,oLilddfl rQfnsrvc Bpioxeratd),oor4v
EI[|90Ve[q.
30-26 :e ulepoyold nitou II rou eivcrrorlo0eqpdvoEo€€-
[oreprrrire6io perrprjgercli 8", xnL8., ultiq;ouv rrpLolfEpe
FqlvrFrxiQoixqLrou ncrpouoL<ilolvowimcorl,lcOrigzorrrne-
pclc[yr,pegneproldg.Il<ioqovrio,crorldleLrivcEpcrrprigrol ],e-
mdgmi),rv6pogo:rrirdroloul.Lxri;
TIPOBAHMATA
30-27 Mlo o.1,c6yrp1p<ip6ogpeprjnogL, priloraxcr.cwiorooq
R rtveirorXropiErprBdEoeperolJ,rrdgqriyeg,rim'.rE6eiXverro X1.
30-9.
'Eva
o[oy€vdEloyvlxuid ]TE6aoB dX€rxorEiouvolxdo€ul
oroerineOorouo;rigcrogncl lpogrc pdoo.tq priB6o,irou!elr-
vti l(l)pigoqlw{ ro1ir1rc, croleircrorcoeqrj6r1vc[1Frqogrc
6e[r,ri.H ow(orcrorloTr,gpdyegeivorcr.ge],qrdc.a)No rapooni-
o€r€Tp(.quidqv roxdrqrcqE pdpOolouvcpr{oeLroulptivou.
b) No Bpefreprcd4goorl yrcr1v're).r,x{rc1drlro (q! lq1rjqro
'qgpdB6ourftov4 emrriluvorir4gpq6ev(ercr,).
30-28 O xrlBogrou)1. 30--31,gecrpdE1,00m,ppiorerctoeo-
l.roy€vfEpoyvrlxrrdr€6io pepdrpo0,300T nol xaretouvolnpoE
xq0€1rxdy.To otQliorcA,C xarD xa(fial ongloreuodvoeLE
rou OeiperTo opftrrc,p€rox{rlrq 0,50m/sro xo0ivc.(Toorippc
,4lrveirol roptiLl'q)'ocnoenlre6ory,ro C oeyowia45"ndro n-

27. EXHMA30.-31
rd xo€riir€60.:ryxorro D, rloQd],lrllqoroefifJIeooxu.)Nq 0Q€iI€
xI oroqoQd6uvc{lrrlro{[€roEfrov dxQ@vxouxde€oUQFqroE.
30-29 MLcl'enlj pdl36oE[e p{roE0,620m reqrmpdpercrt'-
pruundciEovo:roun.pvcilrciOcrcororvacixqor4g.pr ywvrax{
rqljqro 8,00rad/s.Toerireboregrmpoq{ExIEQd06o!€ivqrxd-
0Eroo€opoy€vdEpo'yvrpr.xdne6iope;rrirpo0,500T. a)Ildorlei-
vcrr! €iroydpeqHEAmrl Ad06o; b) IIdo4eivcrq ELcrgopri6u'
vaprxoriovrigeocorodxpaqE prip6on;
30-30 MroqdB6oqa, xrv€frorXoQiErQrpdEoeolciyr.peEpdyeg
droEdeiperro 11.30-32.To oufilps ppiox€xoroeopoyevdEpc-
yvrl'nrdre6io xdOeTofio €riJ-[€60rlE os),i6oE,peroreriOuvorl
,TQoEro lr6ooxarp€[drpoB = 0,60T. Od),e1rvc l.ioTGoli€l,doer€
dvcdQyovoeEdorlolEpeoudv rovtru11cvro[d,mo oroio?(iror-
ocyuuvclFTolzrvuiwcgrr1qdp6opnQo(-rrioorLl€ll€olroxurnrc
4,0[Vs.ndol owimool Rfipdfi€!vqdx€rro ldxilo[s qvo dv0Qo-
roEnot'}{!efq Qdp6o0onqQd^lEL6Qyotr€p6ooQuopd200W;
EXHMA 30.-32
30-31 IIe glotge tptipevogpgtiloE. Oop0olcivroEBpdloE
rotl>X.30-33,geeppoirivl atl ovrio[ooqR,rl€QrorQdqeror[E
oioO€QrilcDvrcrrlxo1rirlro.a;.7rigoondtov rilovcry.O Bp<i1oE
I3Qiol(Ercrro€o[oy€vdggol,qrrxdrebioB oqv ncreii0uvoqroud-
Eovor.
'Eo[cD
drrt = 0.y[oq 0dor1aor-rosixv€txotX. 30-33.Nq
nqptrmiorrryQcqrxcirrg:rcprrxcirculoocirlrrEouvoQTlosrTou
XQdvou:a)q QoiOsnou6r.wepvdrovBp<ixo,b)iov Quold[E-
IIPOBAHMATA
rapo),{Eqg porigd<Drldt,c)qv €roy6l€vlHEAorovoQdxo,d)
xI Qo,uizrou crxrorr€ixoryr"ovo6[0qpq0ei1l€Q|mQoqixo! pQd-
Xo! [€ oro0€Qri'yovroxr'jroltqra, e) A€q€l€drrro dQ1,oro!
rcpciyrr4 rlurrqrxrj ponrjor prc:r).{plleprorQoqirrvoriooLrf
rqv rltrexrgrxrjevdp.Telcrrol ncrrcvo).ioxerol(perorpdnercloe
0epgdqro)oegrcrl.rfQlr€QrorQoq{rouFpd1ol,.
30-32 Yro0dme6rro pqtfuogrou)1. 30-33rr€QrmQdgercrN-
pcocrnda)rovrilovcz, b)rovrilovn.r, c)plortreuQdrlcpdll,I-
1.1movci[ovcy.Bqeir€xrlpsyloq €fioldp€vnHEAyr,oqv rd0r
n€Qfmtooilqv.4 = 400cm', .lR= 2,00A, ar= 25,0rad/sxql
B = 0.500T.
30-33
-Evcrg
etnogmogxud"r"xdgpptiloEpr 6rdprxQo0,100m
FQiox€rsrldoa o€;rcyvqrr,xrire6ionouiX€[pdrQo1,50T llorxo-
'retouvorlxci0e11oro enir€oorou>X.30 34ror npoE'ropdoo.O
BprilogrqcrBr,d,cl rqoElcrd[o mc oI[saoror' 6€ixr,ouvro pdlrl,
dio:rouvop46evunei1 €JT[cpdv€rdIou,oEXQdvo0,200s. a)Bqeire
rI ldol rnc(,/d[€vlHEA oro rfr],opa. b) noro poQddXErxo
p€{[o.Udodq'[o!qwl(r|&I R;A,rdro a o[ob{ an6rc b moa;
TXHMA 30-34
30-34 To peipo nor brcppder"dvcorippq.4Broxr€)tr€iverql
orodrr€rQo(>1.30-35)d1er.cpopdrpogTc rdvo z,orouEdv€Lp€
orc0epdguopridildr a)No ppefrero ldiQor,io.Ln]vrfi€riouvoq
rorrnrbrouI or undorqolr crTdTooUQ[odrovro prJ[o nouro
bropQd€rrfvqlr. b) IIdo4porjd@,blcrepvdrq orevrjorr,cogdvl
Lcopi6o;c)IIdo4eivqrI ohmi Qolirou dloreQvdxovPQdXo;d)
Bpeirer1v uro'yripevrlHEA fiov BQdXo.e) Yr{otro1,io[€rtlv opr0-
[lrrxri Ir[ri rIE €noyd[evlgHEA q.va = 0,100m,b = 0,300m,
l, = 0,200m y,atdildt= 1,20Ns.
863
,t
B
< / +1fid,
-illA <_ b___)
.rlt
r l
EXHMA 30-35
30-35 )e <ilcrq ol[sio pdoso€y,urfu,rrjneqLolrjpecu.wivcrlR
ur[dQx€ropol€vdgpoyvrpxdnebioB pexor€teuvoqxdoEIIoro
€rinEooro1l>1.30-36xor,nqogrc ;rdoc.(H n€Qtoxi0otoloQoioe
vo€[vs[n broroli oroeooneprldevtigau].r,v6Q!xo{oollto€[6o1jE
[s trsldl"oF]ixoq.)BQsfr€ro pdrpoi{orrlv,{cteri0uvolrqg6iva-
II
xxHMA 30-33

28. 864 KEOA AIO 30 IIAEKTPOMATNHTIKH EIIATOfH
,T
I
cr- t---> b
/
R
/
30-37 To garOrj,er0{yQoppooriQlrorotl)1. 30-38aOLcppde-
ToLc:rdmoOepdpeipal. Mn peroll'LltriqtipOogpep{rogI xLvei-
ror peoro0epiroxriqrcru,drtog0eiperTo opjpo,Toolgeioc a-
rixer ordo[ool d ofidro ouQpq.a) Yfio]uoyim€qv eflo'|,dFrvl
HEAm1 priB6o.b) Ilorooqpeio,ro c f ro b,dleruqqtrdrepo6u-
vs[Drd; c)Av I Qd$Eogcwllcroo, cOe(ondoqOoyoivloougptin-
vor .cioropeow[moo4R (>1.30-38b),ndooeivclTo enoldpevo
p€dlqmor].0aoro;
4
v,
t
] .,
I
+b
(al
EXHMA30_38
EXHMA 30-36
I lE! onoicaox€iToroeclivlro oerrzdor1[eLox6qopriog nou
pQioli€rqroro o4p€aod,b i c fiov ro lqywFud :reOiooufiiveLge
AU0[ddaldt.(Tool[€aod FQioxer(rto€qr<iotooqr:rdvo o:rdro
rdwQoolEr€Oro1{_(,ro o4peiob oeordorcol r OelLdo:rriro ld-
wQor,ior10ol[Elo corox,wQorIEn€QroXiE.)
30-36 Kurl"rrdgayc6lqoEdoznilLoEgeomfvo/o= 0,0500m
neircroroeli:re6ory xcr Bpiorrrcrpeoaor nrgroXrjgt goyvlrr-
ld re6ioB,<irou
B = BoIt-3(tlto)t+ 2(tlto)31k.
801.!ort0Eivo.rmc0€Qdgper4rdgtu= 0,0100sl{orB0= 0,0800T.
Yro0rmecirrl eivotr1c,rdorco4evdgrulcroL'orllfiou crlTdro xE'-
vrprorou6orrutriou,I eivcto lprivognalI dvopolcbloio6rdvu-
opcrm4vlcred0uvorl+2.>1q{4[€fq a ror b urripleLdvagrxpri
revdnrov6cnriLLo(BL.tX. 30-37)I€ ouAlaronouoblyotv o€d-
vc r,Eco,eqLitdzriitlrcDpq!€ ol'rimool R = 12,0Q.>IrlvrT€Qroxri
rou e,Ecureprxoriituxl't6gcrog6evuntipXerpoyv1rlxdlT€6fo.a)
Bpeireprc dxgpcrol1Lcrrlvoi.tzriloyvlrrxi Qoi O, nouJT€Qt-
zieieto 6cxnilrto;ouvcpnioeLroulqdvou. b) Ynol,oYam€qv.€-
ncqdt€vl HEAorov6crmi)'tor4 lpovLaforqprlI = 5,00x 10-'s.
llotc rivct1rol.rxcirqrrirqg: c')EEcrtricrgq: eooregrxrjEorriorc-
orlgrou6axru)'iou,ro p€ilc rou broQQdsrfllvR11lpovrx{onyp(
rou biv€ro!oro (b)sfuor[dvo3,00rnA.BQ€ir€xlv €oex€Qriiq-
vriorool rou6olnrl'fo!. d) Yfiol,oli;o1exqvHEAnouerdleror
qrov6qxr{},lo<irqvI = 1,21x 10'?s.Iloro eivor,q rol,wdqrd qg;
e)Yiro),o1iorerq lqovw( orLlprior4voroioollciler cpopdro ped-
pcnouOloppderrovo1oyi.
30-38 )ol'rlvoer6dgpeprinog0,500m xm buipe,po0,0800m
dx€r500oJT€fQ€q.
'Evo
mlviopemrxvrjrepd)'rEl20on€rpdvorrd
$ovopdvoofQpcrr€Qr$riLLerro oorLlvoer6dgoro pdoorou.To d-
xproToumlviouei:vcrouv6€6sldva[€ dQyovopdrQqolEeopriou.
H ol'rxi qvr(rrrqrrnrou xuxl'c6pctoEeivcL30,0Q. a) Bp€ir€ndoo
gopriolepvd cn<irr1ouox€uidrcvro Q€fpcmo ocol,lvoetodge'
l,crrorOeicrtirogaan63,00A o€1,00A. b) Kdv€ft dvot(Qd1sr-
pooldbror1g6uftcl1Ecuni! 6nou0oeorvoworr(r0ogi(I eoQd
rc'.woletpoivrouorol"1vo€rooiEror rouqvfou, ro06Eror I qoQd
xor'O€i1c{rogfio oo},qvoer6dE.Aefiereoro o1d0uiocgrr1qopd
rouperipcrogmorqvfod1(1!€l,qficiv€lql10pe{pccnooco}.1voer-
6ds.
30-39
'Eva
origpo ttou yl,"rotQd€[. TotX. 30-39osixvEl
dvcop0olcivlortroioropenld,oEa roLrivoouqpopepdlc n. To
ouoqpcppioneror,oeopo'ysldE[clltrrxd m6ioB,rd0sromo E-
rr"reOoror rloroiou peroroli0tlvo4lrQoErq pdoc.ITo orlppcr6i-
!€xoroQxrrdroxurrFouoyn vafetttv{oelYro0do're<irLro ouppcr
otrloOqiverororr)"oioroXopiErprpd(xordn 4 awiorooqrol rLor-
ofouefvcropel'Irdcoeouyxprorlpsrl! owimool R xouorjQpo-
roE. a) BQeir€prodrgpaoqylc ro pd,poF r4gOrjvopqEror,rc-
oxeircloroorippodrovonldxrv€iror[€ roxrirqrou. b) Ae(ere
drrq urdorcoqr lou 0ubrcvriorrro orjegouiorouvc o?{rvlTonor-
l0ti bivrrcrclTorl oxdcr.1x = munRla:B'.
4
v
T i--.--l
t,
| +
l l ,
r -,F-''---n
(b)
./
EXHMA30-37
D A
EXHMA30-39

29. IIIO EYNOETA TIPOBAHMATA
30-40 'tvog
rerpd.yrovogolrrilrpogppdlog,petdOenl.erp<i
tou20,0cm,riro|,ionoorr4pfuoEoioi8|,opayqfid n€oionouo-
vogdgeroroqv Aoo1o130-21.(81,.>21.30-40.Toxdwporor Is-
rQriy0rvo!PedxouFeioxrroroloxEvrQ,orlg nrQ|,crl{Sro! pcryuFr-
norire0(or.) a)AwryqrirpecroX1.30-40nouoeilerepe6rouj-
opqrqqv roi€fowoll xclto olerurdpdrporoueloydpevou1l,e-
xrputorlreoiou,Eoroo4peioa,bxolc. b)Noalodefleretin 11
ouvtordoorouE rord prlxoErouflpd1ou61erqv i6!or4rf oetd-
0eolpe[orourcl <itrelvor,[oqpeqv cwioror,lqrrytj1lcrcv0a-
mil,r,orouX1.30-28(Aoqo4 30-21). c)Bpe(rero enoyripevo
Q€fpsorovpQd1oqvncwio"rooiroue(vau2,00Q. d)Ildoqeivcr
1DngopdOwoprxorlpetotrircovo4pelowarul D;
DGIMA 30-40
3lHl 'Evq{
re4oTrwogpprrlog,penlflrpd20pcm,e,vorro-
no0erqpdloEoroi0r,opc1v1a,x6lr0[onouovogdpercr,otrlv
Aoqol 30-21,psfilvnlerpdacrotd prir.rogrqEor,apdrpouxoupe
ItrO EYNOETAIIPOBAIIMATA
ro o4peiob oro1i6!.rQorol neOiou()1. 30-41).Avrlypdrlerero
!1. 3G41nal oefierepe0lovriopcror1v xmeri0uvo4xol ro otrext-
ttri pdrporou enoyripevoullerrputod te6(ouE ora o4peicperc
lpdppcrc orov pprilo. b) nijol eirar I sroy6p€q HEA fiIv
rrl.srQdac; c) II6ol silo! I €raldp€vl HEA orovPQdXo;d)
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