SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 30
Introduction to Software
               Licensing
• What is Software Licensing?
• Benefits of using Licensed Software
• Current Situation
Introduction to Software
               Licensing
• What is Software Licensing?
• Benefits of using Licensed Software
• Current Situation
What is Software Licensing?

Software Licensing is the legal right to run or the privilege given
to you by a company to access their application (or program)
What is Software Licensing?

A license agreement governs the use of licensed software.
License agreements typically allow the software to run on a
limited number of computers and allow copies to be made,
though solely for backup purposes.
Introduction to Software
               Licensing
• What is Software Licensing?
• Benefits of using Licensed Software
• Current Situation
Benefits of using Licensed
              Software
By using Licensed Software, you are able to contribute to the further
development of the program you are using. It also helps the economy
generate not just computer related jobs, but opportunities for other
people / businesses who’s work is much dependent on “written”
technology.
Benefits of using Licensed
              Software
Apart from the legal obligation to use Licensed Software,
Licensed Software outright comes with support not found in
“pirated” software.
Benefits of using Licensed
              Software
Things to ponder about…

How would you feel if your hospital test results were taken using
pirated syringes? Or you didn’t know you purchased fake Vitamin C’s?
Benefits of using Licensed
              Software
Things to ponder about…

If you’re a driver – are you sure you’re not using fake license?
How about your birth or marriage certificate? What benefit can it
help you if you discovered one day that they’re all fake? Or
somebody owns these licenses or certificates other than you?
Introduction to Software
               Licensing
• What is Software Licensing?
• Benefits of using Licensed Software
• Current Situation
Current Situation

Are you familiar with any of these symbols, logos, boxes, etc?
Current Situation

Clearly visible, Microsoft programs that are sold in sidewalks
seems to always be a good buy.




Likewise you can expect, McDonalds products to support you if
you buy BigMuck and Apol Pie – just in case you got into trouble.
Current Situation

You might think that everything mentioned here is just about software
(or Microsoft). The tendency is that if you extract MP3 from CD’s (or
download them from the Internet), or use Torrent to be able to
download the latest movies and other “rights-own” media – you are
simply contributing to the rate of piracy worldwide.
Introduction to Software
               Licensing
• Software License and Copyright Law
• Proprietary Software
• In the Philippines
Introduction to Software
               Licensing
• Software License and Copyright Law
• Proprietary Software
• In the Philippines
Software License and Copyright
             Law
In the United States, Section 117 of the Copyright Act gives the owner
of a particular copy of software the explicit right to use the software
with a computer, even if use of the software with a computer requires
the making of incidental copies or adaptations (acts which could
otherwise potentially constitute copyright infringement). Therefore,
the owner of a copy of computer software is legally entitled to use that
copy of software. Hence, if the end-user of software is the owner of the
respective copy, then the end-user may legally use the software
without a license from the software publisher.
Accordingly, proprietary software licenses attempt to give software
publishers more control over the way their software is used by keeping
ownership of each copy of software with the software publisher. By
doing so, Section 117 does not apply to the end-user and the software
publisher may then compel the end-user to accept all of the terms of
the license agreement, many of which may be more restrictive than
copyright law alone.
Introduction to Software
               Licensing
• Software License and Copyright Law
• Proprietary Software
• In the Philippines
Proprietary Software
Proprietary software is computer software which is the legal property
of one party. The terms of use for other parties is defined by contracts
or licensing agreements. These terms may include various privileges to
share, alter, dissemble, and use the software and its code.

Well known examples of proprietary software include Microsoft
Windows, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, Quickbooks, SAP, etc.
Proprietary Software
For example, the rights to develop Windows XP or Microsoft Office
2003 and their release protocols are held by Microsoft. They have the
proprietary rights to sell the license to use their products. The code on
how Windows XP was developed from step zero to step one hundred is
theirs exclusively.
Proprietary Software
In the Philippines, all the software (and hardware) development
members of the Business Software Alliance (BSA) are encouraging the
legal use and licensing of their softwares.

Its members represent one of the fastest growing industries in the
world. BSA programs foster technology innovation through education
and policy initiatives that promote copyright protection, cyber security,
trade and e-commerce.

Under US copyright laws, software piracy can result in fines of up to
$150,000 for each software title copied. In addition, the government
can criminally prosecute for copyright infringement. If convicted,
violators can be fined up to $250,000 or given a jail term of up to five
years, or both.
Introduction to Software
               Licensing
• Software License and Copyright Law
• Proprietary Software
• In the Philippines
In the Philippines
In the Philippines, the Business Software Alliance (BSA) together with
The Pilipinas Anti-Piracy Team (PAPT) leads the government-initiated
campaign which aims to significantly reduce software piracy in the
country and promote respect for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR).
PAPT combines BSA, NBI, PNP and Optical Media Board (OMB) in
ensuring compliance to software licensing and no to piracy.
In the Philippines
DON'T FORGET that even though The Pilipinas Anti-Piracy Team
(PAPT) is mandated to resume their search after the Cebu 2009
countdown, require them to present a search warrant, authorization or
mission order. Organizations must present the end-user licensing
agreements, certificates of authenticity, invoices and receipts.
Q&A
LINKS

BSA Members in the Philippines
http://www.bsa.org/country/BSA%20and%20Members/Our%20Member
Republic Act No. 8293
http://www.papt.org.ph/uploads/file/RA8293%20IP%20Code.pdf
Republic Act No. 9239
http://www.papt.org.ph/uploads/file/RA9239%20Optical%20Media%20A
The Pilipinas Anti-Piracy Team
http://www.papt.org
Introduction to Software Licensing
Introduction to Software Licensing

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Operating system and its function
Operating system and its functionOperating system and its function
Operating system and its functionNikhi Jain
 
Information Assurance And Security - Chapter 1 - Lesson 4
Information Assurance And Security - Chapter 1 - Lesson 4Information Assurance And Security - Chapter 1 - Lesson 4
Information Assurance And Security - Chapter 1 - Lesson 4MLG College of Learning, Inc
 
computer software
computer softwarecomputer software
computer softwareAhsan Khan
 
Computing Environment
Computing EnvironmentComputing Environment
Computing Environmentkem warren
 
Introduction to GNU/Linux, Free Software, Open Source Software, FSF, FSM, OSI
Introduction to GNU/Linux, Free Software, Open Source Software, FSF, FSM, OSIIntroduction to GNU/Linux, Free Software, Open Source Software, FSF, FSM, OSI
Introduction to GNU/Linux, Free Software, Open Source Software, FSF, FSM, OSIVarun Mahajan
 
Open Source Software
Open Source Software Open Source Software
Open Source Software Ali Yavari
 
Windows 7- Introduction and Features
Windows 7- Introduction and FeaturesWindows 7- Introduction and Features
Windows 7- Introduction and FeaturesRajashri Bhairamadgi
 
Computer Ethics and Legal Issues
Computer Ethics and Legal IssuesComputer Ethics and Legal Issues
Computer Ethics and Legal IssuesKak Yong
 
Presentation on Software Piracy
Presentation on Software PiracyPresentation on Software Piracy
Presentation on Software PiracyPallavi Agarwal
 
Cyber law & Intellectual property issues
Cyber law & Intellectual property issuesCyber law & Intellectual property issues
Cyber law & Intellectual property issuesatuljaybhaye
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Operating system and its function
Operating system and its functionOperating system and its function
Operating system and its function
 
Information Assurance And Security - Chapter 1 - Lesson 4
Information Assurance And Security - Chapter 1 - Lesson 4Information Assurance And Security - Chapter 1 - Lesson 4
Information Assurance And Security - Chapter 1 - Lesson 4
 
computer software
computer softwarecomputer software
computer software
 
Computing Environment
Computing EnvironmentComputing Environment
Computing Environment
 
Introduction to GNU/Linux, Free Software, Open Source Software, FSF, FSM, OSI
Introduction to GNU/Linux, Free Software, Open Source Software, FSF, FSM, OSIIntroduction to GNU/Linux, Free Software, Open Source Software, FSF, FSM, OSI
Introduction to GNU/Linux, Free Software, Open Source Software, FSF, FSM, OSI
 
Computer safety
Computer safetyComputer safety
Computer safety
 
Open Source Software
Open Source Software Open Source Software
Open Source Software
 
Viruses, worms, and trojan horses
Viruses, worms, and trojan horsesViruses, worms, and trojan horses
Viruses, worms, and trojan horses
 
Software Licensing Simplified
Software Licensing SimplifiedSoftware Licensing Simplified
Software Licensing Simplified
 
Digital Signature
Digital SignatureDigital Signature
Digital Signature
 
Windows 7- Introduction and Features
Windows 7- Introduction and FeaturesWindows 7- Introduction and Features
Windows 7- Introduction and Features
 
Threats to a computer
Threats to a computer Threats to a computer
Threats to a computer
 
What Is a Copyright?
What Is a Copyright?What Is a Copyright?
What Is a Copyright?
 
Computer Ethics and Legal Issues
Computer Ethics and Legal IssuesComputer Ethics and Legal Issues
Computer Ethics and Legal Issues
 
Presentation on computer viruses
Presentation on computer virusesPresentation on computer viruses
Presentation on computer viruses
 
Presentation on Software Piracy
Presentation on Software PiracyPresentation on Software Piracy
Presentation on Software Piracy
 
Basic Concept of Computer
Basic Concept of ComputerBasic Concept of Computer
Basic Concept of Computer
 
Introduction to software
Introduction to softwareIntroduction to software
Introduction to software
 
Introduction to Computer Software
Introduction to Computer SoftwareIntroduction to Computer Software
Introduction to Computer Software
 
Cyber law & Intellectual property issues
Cyber law & Intellectual property issuesCyber law & Intellectual property issues
Cyber law & Intellectual property issues
 

Andere mochten auch

semiconductor protection act
semiconductor protection actsemiconductor protection act
semiconductor protection actwelcometofacebook
 
LICENSING & FRANCHISING
LICENSING & FRANCHISINGLICENSING & FRANCHISING
LICENSING & FRANCHISINGSilvia Aguilar
 
Introduction To Open Source Licenses
Introduction To Open Source LicensesIntroduction To Open Source Licenses
Introduction To Open Source LicensesHarley Pascua
 
Open source software licenses
Open source software licensesOpen source software licenses
Open source software licensesDrexelELC
 
오픈소스 라이센스
오픈소스 라이센스 오픈소스 라이센스
오픈소스 라이센스 licubeclub
 
Software license schemes
Software license schemesSoftware license schemes
Software license schemesChit Ko Ko Win
 
Itgs os presentation
Itgs os presentationItgs os presentation
Itgs os presentationsmatejka2082
 
Microsoft Dynamics CRM Pricing and Licensing Guide - From Atidan
Microsoft Dynamics CRM Pricing and Licensing Guide - From AtidanMicrosoft Dynamics CRM Pricing and Licensing Guide - From Atidan
Microsoft Dynamics CRM Pricing and Licensing Guide - From AtidanDavid J Rosenthal
 
Office 2013: Upcoming Licensing, Pricing & Feature Changes
Office 2013: Upcoming Licensing, Pricing & Feature ChangesOffice 2013: Upcoming Licensing, Pricing & Feature Changes
Office 2013: Upcoming Licensing, Pricing & Feature ChangesSoftchoice Corporation
 
Week In Review: Software Licensing, Product Changes & Notable Partners
Week In Review: Software Licensing, Product Changes & Notable PartnersWeek In Review: Software Licensing, Product Changes & Notable Partners
Week In Review: Software Licensing, Product Changes & Notable PartnersJared Dion
 
Case Study - Glemco - Exact Macola - Nick Mears - Columbus Ohio
Case Study - Glemco - Exact Macola - Nick Mears - Columbus OhioCase Study - Glemco - Exact Macola - Nick Mears - Columbus Ohio
Case Study - Glemco - Exact Macola - Nick Mears - Columbus OhioNick Mears
 
riteSOFT SYSPRO 7 seminar
riteSOFT SYSPRO 7 seminarriteSOFT SYSPRO 7 seminar
riteSOFT SYSPRO 7 seminarriteSOFT
 
Software license
Software licenseSoftware license
Software licensesstothoff
 
Who Owns the Code? A Brief Guide to Software Ownership for Developers and End...
Who Owns the Code? A Brief Guide to Software Ownership for Developers and End...Who Owns the Code? A Brief Guide to Software Ownership for Developers and End...
Who Owns the Code? A Brief Guide to Software Ownership for Developers and End...Hawley Troxell
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

Licensing,Ppt
Licensing,PptLicensing,Ppt
Licensing,Ppt
 
Types Of Software
Types Of SoftwareTypes Of Software
Types Of Software
 
semiconductor protection act
semiconductor protection actsemiconductor protection act
semiconductor protection act
 
LICENSING & FRANCHISING
LICENSING & FRANCHISINGLICENSING & FRANCHISING
LICENSING & FRANCHISING
 
Introduction To Open Source Licenses
Introduction To Open Source LicensesIntroduction To Open Source Licenses
Introduction To Open Source Licenses
 
Open source software licenses
Open source software licensesOpen source software licenses
Open source software licenses
 
House style
House styleHouse style
House style
 
Software license
Software licenseSoftware license
Software license
 
Software license
Software licenseSoftware license
Software license
 
오픈소스 라이센스
오픈소스 라이센스 오픈소스 라이센스
오픈소스 라이센스
 
Software license schemes
Software license schemesSoftware license schemes
Software license schemes
 
Itgs os presentation
Itgs os presentationItgs os presentation
Itgs os presentation
 
Software licencing techniqes
Software licencing techniqesSoftware licencing techniqes
Software licencing techniqes
 
Microsoft Dynamics CRM Pricing and Licensing Guide - From Atidan
Microsoft Dynamics CRM Pricing and Licensing Guide - From AtidanMicrosoft Dynamics CRM Pricing and Licensing Guide - From Atidan
Microsoft Dynamics CRM Pricing and Licensing Guide - From Atidan
 
Office 2013: Upcoming Licensing, Pricing & Feature Changes
Office 2013: Upcoming Licensing, Pricing & Feature ChangesOffice 2013: Upcoming Licensing, Pricing & Feature Changes
Office 2013: Upcoming Licensing, Pricing & Feature Changes
 
Week In Review: Software Licensing, Product Changes & Notable Partners
Week In Review: Software Licensing, Product Changes & Notable PartnersWeek In Review: Software Licensing, Product Changes & Notable Partners
Week In Review: Software Licensing, Product Changes & Notable Partners
 
Case Study - Glemco - Exact Macola - Nick Mears - Columbus Ohio
Case Study - Glemco - Exact Macola - Nick Mears - Columbus OhioCase Study - Glemco - Exact Macola - Nick Mears - Columbus Ohio
Case Study - Glemco - Exact Macola - Nick Mears - Columbus Ohio
 
riteSOFT SYSPRO 7 seminar
riteSOFT SYSPRO 7 seminarriteSOFT SYSPRO 7 seminar
riteSOFT SYSPRO 7 seminar
 
Software license
Software licenseSoftware license
Software license
 
Who Owns the Code? A Brief Guide to Software Ownership for Developers and End...
Who Owns the Code? A Brief Guide to Software Ownership for Developers and End...Who Owns the Code? A Brief Guide to Software Ownership for Developers and End...
Who Owns the Code? A Brief Guide to Software Ownership for Developers and End...
 

Ähnlich wie Introduction to Software Licensing

Bauer Heather Software Piracy
Bauer Heather Software PiracyBauer Heather Software Piracy
Bauer Heather Software PiracyHeather Bauer
 
Ethical consideration in open source software
Ethical consideration in open source softwareEthical consideration in open source software
Ethical consideration in open source softwareaamatya
 
Ethical consideration in open source software
Ethical consideration in open source softwareEthical consideration in open source software
Ethical consideration in open source softwareaamatya
 
swpiracyslideshare-180302131348.pdf
swpiracyslideshare-180302131348.pdfswpiracyslideshare-180302131348.pdf
swpiracyslideshare-180302131348.pdfRijuDasgupta
 
Chapter 7 Copy Rights And Intellectual Property
Chapter 7 Copy Rights And Intellectual PropertyChapter 7 Copy Rights And Intellectual Property
Chapter 7 Copy Rights And Intellectual Propertymanagement 2
 
I\'m Not an IT Lawyer: Why Does Open Source Matter to Me?
I\'m Not an IT Lawyer: Why Does Open Source Matter to Me?I\'m Not an IT Lawyer: Why Does Open Source Matter to Me?
I\'m Not an IT Lawyer: Why Does Open Source Matter to Me?Jennifer O'Neill
 
пиратств.pptxghgkgkjhkjhkjhkjhjkhkjhkhkjhk
пиратств.pptxghgkgkjhkjhkjhkjhjkhkjhkhkjhkпиратств.pptxghgkgkjhkjhkjhkjhjkhkjhkhkjhk
пиратств.pptxghgkgkjhkjhkjhkjhjkhkjhkhkjhkwokk1d337
 
Briefpack library system license terms & privacy policy 2020
Briefpack library system license terms & privacy policy 2020Briefpack library system license terms & privacy policy 2020
Briefpack library system license terms & privacy policy 2020EmmanuelGazelle
 

Ähnlich wie Introduction to Software Licensing (20)

Bauer Heather Software Piracy
Bauer Heather Software PiracyBauer Heather Software Piracy
Bauer Heather Software Piracy
 
Ethical consideration in open source software
Ethical consideration in open source softwareEthical consideration in open source software
Ethical consideration in open source software
 
Ethical consideration in open source software
Ethical consideration in open source softwareEthical consideration in open source software
Ethical consideration in open source software
 
swpiracyslideshare-180302131348.pdf
swpiracyslideshare-180302131348.pdfswpiracyslideshare-180302131348.pdf
swpiracyslideshare-180302131348.pdf
 
Chapter 7 Copy Rights And Intellectual Property
Chapter 7 Copy Rights And Intellectual PropertyChapter 7 Copy Rights And Intellectual Property
Chapter 7 Copy Rights And Intellectual Property
 
I\'m Not an IT Lawyer: Why Does Open Source Matter to Me?
I\'m Not an IT Lawyer: Why Does Open Source Matter to Me?I\'m Not an IT Lawyer: Why Does Open Source Matter to Me?
I\'m Not an IT Lawyer: Why Does Open Source Matter to Me?
 
License
LicenseLicense
License
 
License
LicenseLicense
License
 
License
LicenseLicense
License
 
License
LicenseLicense
License
 
License
LicenseLicense
License
 
License
LicenseLicense
License
 
пиратств.pptxghgkgkjhkjhkjhkjhjkhkjhkhkjhk
пиратств.pptxghgkgkjhkjhkjhkjhjkhkjhkhkjhkпиратств.pptxghgkgkjhkjhkjhkjhjkhkjhkhkjhk
пиратств.pptxghgkgkjhkjhkjhkjhjkhkjhkhkjhk
 
License
LicenseLicense
License
 
License
LicenseLicense
License
 
License
LicenseLicense
License
 
License
LicenseLicense
License
 
License
LicenseLicense
License
 
License
LicenseLicense
License
 
Briefpack library system license terms & privacy policy 2020
Briefpack library system license terms & privacy policy 2020Briefpack library system license terms & privacy policy 2020
Briefpack library system license terms & privacy policy 2020
 

Introduction to Software Licensing

  • 1. Introduction to Software Licensing • What is Software Licensing? • Benefits of using Licensed Software • Current Situation
  • 2. Introduction to Software Licensing • What is Software Licensing? • Benefits of using Licensed Software • Current Situation
  • 3. What is Software Licensing? Software Licensing is the legal right to run or the privilege given to you by a company to access their application (or program)
  • 4. What is Software Licensing? A license agreement governs the use of licensed software. License agreements typically allow the software to run on a limited number of computers and allow copies to be made, though solely for backup purposes.
  • 5. Introduction to Software Licensing • What is Software Licensing? • Benefits of using Licensed Software • Current Situation
  • 6. Benefits of using Licensed Software By using Licensed Software, you are able to contribute to the further development of the program you are using. It also helps the economy generate not just computer related jobs, but opportunities for other people / businesses who’s work is much dependent on “written” technology.
  • 7. Benefits of using Licensed Software Apart from the legal obligation to use Licensed Software, Licensed Software outright comes with support not found in “pirated” software.
  • 8. Benefits of using Licensed Software Things to ponder about… How would you feel if your hospital test results were taken using pirated syringes? Or you didn’t know you purchased fake Vitamin C’s?
  • 9. Benefits of using Licensed Software Things to ponder about… If you’re a driver – are you sure you’re not using fake license? How about your birth or marriage certificate? What benefit can it help you if you discovered one day that they’re all fake? Or somebody owns these licenses or certificates other than you?
  • 10. Introduction to Software Licensing • What is Software Licensing? • Benefits of using Licensed Software • Current Situation
  • 11. Current Situation Are you familiar with any of these symbols, logos, boxes, etc?
  • 12. Current Situation Clearly visible, Microsoft programs that are sold in sidewalks seems to always be a good buy. Likewise you can expect, McDonalds products to support you if you buy BigMuck and Apol Pie – just in case you got into trouble.
  • 13. Current Situation You might think that everything mentioned here is just about software (or Microsoft). The tendency is that if you extract MP3 from CD’s (or download them from the Internet), or use Torrent to be able to download the latest movies and other “rights-own” media – you are simply contributing to the rate of piracy worldwide.
  • 14. Introduction to Software Licensing • Software License and Copyright Law • Proprietary Software • In the Philippines
  • 15. Introduction to Software Licensing • Software License and Copyright Law • Proprietary Software • In the Philippines
  • 16. Software License and Copyright Law In the United States, Section 117 of the Copyright Act gives the owner of a particular copy of software the explicit right to use the software with a computer, even if use of the software with a computer requires the making of incidental copies or adaptations (acts which could otherwise potentially constitute copyright infringement). Therefore, the owner of a copy of computer software is legally entitled to use that copy of software. Hence, if the end-user of software is the owner of the respective copy, then the end-user may legally use the software without a license from the software publisher. Accordingly, proprietary software licenses attempt to give software publishers more control over the way their software is used by keeping ownership of each copy of software with the software publisher. By doing so, Section 117 does not apply to the end-user and the software publisher may then compel the end-user to accept all of the terms of the license agreement, many of which may be more restrictive than copyright law alone.
  • 17. Introduction to Software Licensing • Software License and Copyright Law • Proprietary Software • In the Philippines
  • 18. Proprietary Software Proprietary software is computer software which is the legal property of one party. The terms of use for other parties is defined by contracts or licensing agreements. These terms may include various privileges to share, alter, dissemble, and use the software and its code. Well known examples of proprietary software include Microsoft Windows, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, Quickbooks, SAP, etc.
  • 19. Proprietary Software For example, the rights to develop Windows XP or Microsoft Office 2003 and their release protocols are held by Microsoft. They have the proprietary rights to sell the license to use their products. The code on how Windows XP was developed from step zero to step one hundred is theirs exclusively.
  • 20. Proprietary Software In the Philippines, all the software (and hardware) development members of the Business Software Alliance (BSA) are encouraging the legal use and licensing of their softwares. Its members represent one of the fastest growing industries in the world. BSA programs foster technology innovation through education and policy initiatives that promote copyright protection, cyber security, trade and e-commerce. Under US copyright laws, software piracy can result in fines of up to $150,000 for each software title copied. In addition, the government can criminally prosecute for copyright infringement. If convicted, violators can be fined up to $250,000 or given a jail term of up to five years, or both.
  • 21. Introduction to Software Licensing • Software License and Copyright Law • Proprietary Software • In the Philippines
  • 22. In the Philippines In the Philippines, the Business Software Alliance (BSA) together with The Pilipinas Anti-Piracy Team (PAPT) leads the government-initiated campaign which aims to significantly reduce software piracy in the country and promote respect for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). PAPT combines BSA, NBI, PNP and Optical Media Board (OMB) in ensuring compliance to software licensing and no to piracy.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. In the Philippines DON'T FORGET that even though The Pilipinas Anti-Piracy Team (PAPT) is mandated to resume their search after the Cebu 2009 countdown, require them to present a search warrant, authorization or mission order. Organizations must present the end-user licensing agreements, certificates of authenticity, invoices and receipts.
  • 26.
  • 27. Q&A
  • 28. LINKS BSA Members in the Philippines http://www.bsa.org/country/BSA%20and%20Members/Our%20Member Republic Act No. 8293 http://www.papt.org.ph/uploads/file/RA8293%20IP%20Code.pdf Republic Act No. 9239 http://www.papt.org.ph/uploads/file/RA9239%20Optical%20Media%20A The Pilipinas Anti-Piracy Team http://www.papt.org