these deals with the different codes of the fire safety. it includes thefire extinguisher , firealams , smoke alarms and different steps to be taken in a textile industries. it has a clear description of all the parts.

1. Safety and
Occupational Health
Engineering
FIRE SAFETY
By : Piyush Kumar

2. IS 2190 : 1996
O Selection, installation, maintenance and testing of first-aid fire
extinguishers.
O Selection of fire extinguisher:
CLASS Fire
Involving
Types of
Extinguisher
CLASS A Paper , Wood , Plastic ,
Rubber
Water Expelling
CLASS B Flammable liquid or
Liquefiable solid
Foam, dry powder,
vaporizing liquid and
carbon dioxide
CLASS C Flammable gasses
under pressure or
Electrical fire
Dry powder, vaporizing
liquid and carbon
dioxide
CLASS D Metal Fire like sodium ,
magnesium, potassium
Extinguishers with
special dry powder for

3. O The classifications, groupings, etc only for general guidance for
installation of fire extinguishers:
• LH —Low Hazard
• OH —Ordinary Hazard
• HH —High Hazard
• SH —Special Hazard
O For routine check and monthly maintenance:
• SODA ACID FIRE EXTINGUISHER (IS 934)
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER, WATER TYPE GAS CARTRIDGE (IS
940)
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER, WATER TYPE STORED PRESSURE
(IS 6234)
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER, FOAM TYPE MECHANICAL (IS 10204)
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER, DRY POWDER TYPE GAS
CARTRIDGE (IS 2171, IS 10658,IS 11833)
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER, CARBON DIOXIDE TYPE (IS 2878)
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER, HALON 1211 TYPE (IS 11108)

4. O General Safety Precautions for Maintenance:
• Maintenance of extinguishers done by
manufacturers or authorized agent or qualified
fire professionals.
• No residual pressure in hose and/or nozzle
assembly.
• Unscrew the cap or valve assembly slowly.
• Do not depend on pressure indicating devices
like gauges.
• pressure being released after unscrewing the
cap , don't unscrew further without safety
measures.
• Attempting to remove parts from extinguishers at
the time of inspection/maintenance they should
be aware about any part ejected.
• Check all component before use.

5. O Refilling and Hydro Testing schedule for Extinguisher:
Serial
no.
Extinguisher Type Refilling
(years)
Hydro
Testing
(years)
Pressure
(Mpa)
1 Water type
(gas cartridge)
5 3 1.75
2 water type
stored pressure
2 2 2.5
3 mechanical
foam type
2 3 1.75
4 Dry powder fire
extinguishers
3 3 2.5
5 Portable fire extinguisher 2 2 ------

6. IS 2189 : 1999
O This standard covers fire detection and alarm systems.
O Basic fire detection technology includes:

7. O Classification of Fire Alarm Detector
Fire Alarm
Detector
Automatic
Electroni
c
Electroma
gnetic
Flame Heat Smoke
infrare
d
U
V
visible invisible

8. O Selection for detectors:
• Stage 1- Occurs for milliseconds or day. No visible smoke.
Particle size on combustion <0.3 micron. Use ionisation
detector.
• Stage 2- When smoke and little fire visible with particle size
<0.3 micron. Use photoelectric detector
• Stage 3- Rapid combustion produce radiant energy in visible
and invisible spectrum. Use spark and flame detector.
• Stage 4- Uncontrolled combustion of nearby combustible. Use
heat detector.

9. O Notification equipments:
• Bells: Used if they have distinctive sound from bell ringing. Its
also used as a gong for the water flowing through sprinkler
system.
• Horns: Used in the places where sound disturbance. Large
and distinctive sound output.
• Siren: Used in heavy noise place and for outdoor.
• Speaker: Used for the conjunction equipment.
O Ionisation Detector:

10. O Photoelectric Detector:There are 2 types Photoelectric
detector.
Sensor
Type
Ionisation Detector Photoelectric Detector
Usage Used to detect fast burning, flame
fire and amount of smoke
produced by it.
Used to detect smouldering fire which
produce lots of smoke.
Price (Rs) 200 – 1700 1000 - 7500
Location • Clean room
• Computer room
• Mechanical air duct
• Location whwere sensitive
detection needed
• Cargo handling area
• Lift shafting
• Electrical equipment room
• warehouse

11. O Placement of smoke detector : Smoke detector placed in the
centre of ceiling or on the wall 6 to 12 inches below the ceiling.
O Detector Spacing : Ó Peaked or Sloped
cealing

12. O Flame Detector: It detects the flame and responds on fire and
flame.
• It can include alarm system, fuel deactivating system and fire
suppression system activation.
• A flame detector can act and respond faster than smoke and
heat detector.
• It generally records the whole range of rays.

13. O UV Detector: Spectral range of
approximately 180-260 nanometres
• quick response and good sensitivity
• susceptible to arc welding, halogen lamps,
and electrical discharges so sited indoors
• Thick, sooty smoke cause failures due to
attenuation of UV radiation.
O IR Detector: False detection by hot surface
or background or thermal radiation.
• Response is 3-5 seconds.
O IR Thermal Cameras: this camera can
detect hot spot with an algorithm within an
area
• It can be used in an dark place also.
• Both inside and outside.

14. O UV/IR: When a UV optical sensor is integrated with an IR
sensor, dual band detector sensitive to the UV and IR
radiation emitted.
• Helps to eliminate false alarm.
O Multi-Spectrum Infrared Flame Detectors: Multi-Spectrum
IR flame detectors use multiple infrared spectral regions to
further improve differentiation of flame sources from non-
flame background radiation.
• These flame detectors are well suited to locations where
combustion sources produce smoky fires

15. IS 2726 1988
O This standard lays down the essential requirements for fire
safety of cotton ginning, cotton seed delintering and pressing
factories.
O Location of the cotton factories would be close proximity to
pucca roadways leading to towns so that the town’s fire brigade
can come to assistance, should a serious fire occur.
O Minimum clear distance of 90 m should be maintained between
the factory compounds.
O Factories should be at least 275 m away from railway sidings,
yards and 30 m away from high tension electrical lines.
O All buildings where kapas is cleaned, ginned and pressed, shall
be of at least Type II construction.
O Godowns for cotton seeds, kapas, ginned cotton, linters,
pressed bales should be of at least Type I Construction.
O .Store godowns, engine or transformer house buildings should
be df at least Type II construction.

16. O There shall be at least three door openings in every working
block.
O Minimum distance of 15 -m should be maintained between
any two buildings or between a building and storage.
O Godowns should not be used for mixed storage of Kamp,
cotton, cotton seeds, linters, fully pressed bales and cotton
waste.
O No godown should have a storage capacity of more than 2
000 fully pressed cotton bales or ginned or unginned cotton
or linters equivalent to 500 fully pressed bales.

17. O Passages should be provided between stacks of bales and
goods. These passages should not be less than 2 m wide
and not more than 10 m apart.
O Door should not exceed 6.25 m2 in area and should be
close fitting.
O Roofs should be directly supported from wall to wall without
any intermediate columns or posts.
O It is necessary to provide ventilator openings in corrugated
iron sheet roof. The ventilator openings should not exceed
1.2 x 0.3 m.
O All wiring shall be carried out in steel conduits.
O All electrical motors shall be of totally enclosed type.
Place Lumination
Godowns 50 lux
Ginning, delintering and
pressing sections
100 lux
Open compound 20 lux

18. O The hydrant pump should be of not less than 1800 litres per
minute capacity, delivering water at a minimum pressure of 7
kgf/cm2 and located at least 15 m away from all the buildings
and 90 m away from any storage area.
O Pump should draw water from a pucca lined ground reservoir
of not less than 180000 litres capacity.