idt 7052

1. History of Instructional
Design
Lequanda Isom
IDT 7052
November 7, 2010

2. 1812
Charles Babbage became known as the
father of modern day computers.

3. Late 1800s
The first computer card was developed and
accomplished the largest data processing
endeavors untaken at the time.

4. 1908
Keystone View Company published Visual
Education, a teacher’s guide to lantern
slides and stereographs.

5. 1910
 The first catalog of instructional films was
published.
 The public school system of Rochester,
New York became the first to adopt films
for regular instructional use.

6. 1911
Tabulating Machine Company merged with
other companies to form the International
Business Machine (IBM).

7. 1913
Thomas Edison proclaimed “Books will soon
be obsolete in the schools….It is possible
to teach every branch of human
knowledge with the motion picture. Our
school system will be completely changed
in the next ten years.”

8. 1923
Association for Educational Communication
and Technology (AECT) was created has
maintained a leadership role in the field of
instructional design and technology.

9. Late 1940s
John Von Neumann was the force behind
the development of the first stored
computer program. He devised a way to
encode instructions and data in the same
language.

10. Late 1940s and throughout the
1950s
The origins of instructional design procedures
have been traced to World War II. During the
war a large number of psychologist and
educators who had training and experience in
conducting research were called on to
conduct research and develop training
materials for the military service. After World
War II, many of the psychologists responsible
for the success of the military training
programs continued to work on solving
instructional problems.

11. 1946
First vacuum tube-based computers
developed

12. 1952
The decision by the Federal
Communications Commission to set aside
242 television channels for educational
purposes, led to the rapid development of
a large number of public (then called
“educational”) television stations.

13. 1954
General Electric is the first business to
order a computer
B.F. Skinner’s article entitled, “The Science
of Learning and the Art of Teaching”
began what might be called a minor
revolution in the field of education

14. 1955
IBM's first commercial computer is sold

15. 1957
The Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the
first orbiting space satellite, there began a
series of events that would eventually
have a major impact on the instructional
design process

16. 1963
 Vocational Education Act passes with new
money supporting the use of technology
in schools; however, the mainframe and
minicomputers in use at this time are
using batch processing methods that do
not fit well with the single teacher-as-
manager-of-learning methods in use in
most schools

17. 1963
 The Ford Foundation decided to focus its support
on public television in general, rather than on in-
school applications of instructional television.
 Robert Glaser was the first to use the term
criterion-reference measures. Glaser indicated
that the measures could be used to assess
student entry-level behavior and to determine
the extent to which students had acquired the
behaviors an instructional program was designed
to teach. The use of criterion-referenced tests for
these two purposes is a central feature of
instructional; design procedures.

18. 1965
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
brings new money into schools for
technology. Mainframes and
minicomputers are put into place in some
schools, but most are used for
administration or for school counseling

19. 1970
 The terms educational technology and
instructional technology began to replace
audiovisual instruction to describe the application
of media for instructional purposes.
 The name of the major professional organization
within the field was changed from the
Department of Audiovisual Instruction to the
Association for Educational Communication and
Technology. The group that the United States
Government established to examine the impact
of media on instruction was called the
Commission on Instructional Technology.

20. 1983
The Apple II computer finds widespread
acceptance in education because PCs better
fit the teacher /manager model of
instructional delivery (PCs can be used to
"support" the ongoing teaching in the single
classroom). Simple simulation programs are
developed for personal computers. Also in
1983, computers were being used for
instructional purpose in more than 40% of all
elementary schools and more than 75% of all
secondary schools in the United States

21. 1984
Papert indicated that the computer was
going to be “a catalyst of very deep and
radical change in the educational system”
and that by 1990 one computer per child
would be a very common state of affairs
in schools in the United States

22. 1992
A new network was built to expand the
Internet. This network forms the main
trunk of what is the Internet today.

23. 1994
Association for Educational Communication and
Technology (AECT) definition. The 1994
AECT definition presented in this article
mentions five categories of activities or
practices: design, development, utilization or
implementation, management, evaluation,
and analysis. The current definition relates
those activities or practices to processes and
resources for learning. The current definition
indicates that research and theory, as well as
practice, play an important role in the field.

24. 1995
The Internet and the World Wide Web
began to catch on as businesses, schools,
and individuals create web pages.

25. 1996
The Internet is widely discussed as businesses
begin to provide services and advertising
using web pages. New graphics and
multimedia tools are developed for the
delivery of information and instruction using
the Internet; many schools are rewiring for
Internet access; a few schools install web
servers and provide faculty with a way to
create instructional web pages.

26. References
 Murdock, E. (1995). History, the history of computers, and the history of
computers in education. Retrieved on November 6, 2010 from
http://www.csulb.edu/~murdock/histofcs.html
 History of Computers. Retrieved on November 6, 2010 from:
http://homepage.cs.uri.edu/faculty/wolfe/book/Readings/Reading03.h
tm
 Oracle ThinkQuest. (1997). History. Retrieved on November 6, 2010 from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/11309/data/history.htm
 Reiser, R.A. (2001). A history of instructional design and technology: Part I: A
history of instructional media. Educational Technology, Research and
Development, 49(1). Retrieved from
http://www.capella.edu/idol/HistoryofIDTPartI.pdf
 Reiser, R.A.(2001). A history of instructional design and technology: Part II: A
history of instructional design. ETR&D, 49(2). Retrieved from:
http://www.aect.org/pdf/etr&d/4902/4902-04.pdf