Raise A Grade Session Hazards

Geography Raise a Grade Session - Hazards

Natural Hazards A Natural Hazard is a natural event which is perceived by people as a threat to life and property. It may be generated from within the Earth (earthquakes, volcanoes), occur upon the surface (landslides, avalanches, floods), or happen within the atmosphere (high winds, drought, snow, fog).

Plate Tectonics San Francisco Large earthquakes. Conservative Himilayas Fold mountains, earthquakes. Collision Japan Subduction zone, ocean trenches, island arcs, volcanoes and earthquakes. Destructive Mid-Atlantic Ridge Continuous small volcanoes. Earthquakes. Constructive Location Effects/ Landforms Diagram

Earthquake Prediction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Benefits of Tectonic Activity. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mount St Helens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Effects: Landscape – vegetation destroyed, landslides, land covered in volcanic deposits. Farming – Short term loss of crops and livestock, but eventual increase in fertility of soil. Forestry – forests flattened, logging industry destroyed. Communications – rivers blocked, roads and bridges washed away by flooding. Fishing – Raised water temperatures led to loss of fish. People – Evacuation, many inhaled toxic gases. Tourism – Tourists attracted – tourist centre set up in 1993, attracting >1 million visitors a year.

Kobe Earthquake ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tropical Storms. Seas must be over 27 º c Water is needed to give the storm energy. Rapid uplift of air Faster winds in the centre. Lower pressure in the centre.

Tropical Storms – Bangladesh. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

River Floods Causes: Heavy rainfall Saturated ground Snowmelt Deposition of silt Dam failure Deforestation Urbanisation Prevention: Levees Improved services Re-afforestation Flood Action Plan Aid

River Floods – Bangladesh 1998. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Drought ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Past Paper Question – June 2001 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Raise A Grade Session Hazards

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Raise A Grade Session Hazards