7. °“√∫√‘‚¿§ [Consumption (C)] °“√≈ß∑ÿπ [Investment (I)] °“√„™â®“¬¢Õß√—∞∫“≈ [Government spending
à
(G)] °“√ àßÕÕ° ÿ∑∏‘ (X - M) ¥—ß ¡°“√∑’Ë 1.2
Y=C+I+G+X-M (1.2)
®“° ¡°“√¥—ß°≈à“«∑”„Àâ‡√“ “¡“√∂∑”π“¬∂÷ߺ≈‘μ¿—≥±å„πª√–‡∑»‰¥â ´÷Ëß¡’º≈∑”„Àâ
Õߧå°√∫√√≈ÿ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬μ“¡«—μ∂ÿª√– ߧ剥â
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß«‘™“‡»√…∞»“ μ√å°“√®—¥°“√°—∫ “¢“«‘™“Õ◊π (Relationship to
Ë
the functional areas of business administration studies) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡»√…∞»“ μ√å°“√
®—¥°“√‡ªìπ«‘™“´÷Ëßπ”∑ƒ…Æ’∑“ߥâ“π‡»√…∞»“ μ√å¡“ª√–¬ÿ°μå„™â„π∑“ߪؑ∫—쑇°’ˬ«°—∫°“√μ—¥ ‘π
„®∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘® ‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâÕߧå°√ “¡“√∂∫√√≈ÿ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬∑’Ëμ—È߉«â‰¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈
πÕ°®“°π’È«‘™“‡»√…∞»“ μ√å°“√®—¥°“√¬—ß¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ “¢“«‘™“Õ◊Ëπ Ê ‡™àπ «‘™“°“√∫—≠™’
(Accounting) «‘™“°“√‡ß‘π (Finance) «‘™“°“√μ≈“¥ (Marketing) «‘™“°“√∫√‘À“√∑√—欓°√¡πÿ…¬å
[Human Resource Management (HRM)] «‘™“°“√º≈‘μ (Production) ‡ªìπμâπ ´÷Ëß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“
«‘™“‡»√…∞»“ μ√å°“√®—¥°“√¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫«‘™“μà“ß Ê „π “¢“«‘™“∫√‘À“√∏ÿ√°‘®π—Ëπ‡Õß
°“√»÷°…“«‘™“‡»√…∞»“ μ√å°“√®—¥°“√®–μâÕß¡’§«“¡√Ÿâæ◊Èπ∞“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫«‘™“‡»√…∞»“ μ√å
®ÿ≈¿“§ ‡»√…∞»“ μ√å¡À¿“§ §≥‘μ»“ μ√å ∂‘μ‘ μ≈Õ¥®π«‘™“„π “¢“∫√‘À“√∏ÿ√°‘®Õ◊Ëπ Ê ´÷Ëß
‡»√…∞»“ μ√å°“√®—¥°“√®–π”»“ μ√å‡À≈à“π’¡“ª√– ¡ª√– “π°—π ‡æ◊Õπ”¡“«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ√◊Õª√–¡«≈
È Ë
º≈„π¢—ÈπμÕπ¢Õß°“√μ—¥ ‘π„® ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°“√μ—¥ ‘π„®∑“ߥâ“π°“√®—¥°“√‡ªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
´÷Ë߇ªÑ“À¡“¬¢Õ߇»√…∞»“ μ√å°“√®—¥°“√ §◊Õ °“√Õ“»—¬·π«§‘¥À√◊Õ∑ƒ…Æ’∑“߇»√…∞»“ μ√å¡“
ª√–¬ÿ°μå„™â„π°“√μ—¥ ‘π„® ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ∫√√≈ÿ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬¢ÕßÕߧå°√π—Ëπ‡Õß
„π‚≈°ªí®®ÿ∫—π §Õ¡æ‘«‡μÕ√å μ≈Õ¥®π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’μà“ß Ê ‰¥â‡¢â“¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑∑“ߥâ“π°“√
®—¥°“√¡“°¢÷Èπ ´÷Ë߇√“®–°≈à“«∂÷߇√◊ËÕß ç«‘«—≤π“°“√∑“ߥâ“π°“√®—¥°“√é ¥—ßπ’È
«‘«—≤π“°“√∑“ߥâ“π°“√®—¥°“√ (The management revolution)
‚≈°ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’ȇªìπ¬ÿ§¢Õß°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª·≈–°“√ªØ‘«—μ‘∑“ß∏ÿ√°‘®·≈– —ߧ¡ ∑—Èß„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß
ª√‘¡“≥·≈–¢π“¥ ´÷Ëß°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß°“√ªØ‘«—μ‘„π∑ÿ°«—ππ’È¡’Õߧåª√–°Õ∫∑’Ë ”§—≠ 4 ª√–°“√ §◊Õ
1. °“√‡ªìπμ≈“¥¢Õß‚≈°¬ÿ§‚≈¿“¿‘«—μπå (The globalization of markets) ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È
‰¥â¡’°“√ àßÕÕ° ‘π§â“·≈–∫√‘°“√À≈“¬™π‘¥√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑» Õ’°∑—Èß¡’°“√≈ß∑ÿπ∑“ßμ√ß®“°μà“ß
ª√–‡∑» ‚≈°“¿‘«—μπåπ—Èπ‡ªìπ°“√¡Õß√–∫∫‡»√…∞°‘®„π√–¥—∫¡À¿“§ §◊Õ °“√¡Õß¿“æ√«¡∑—Èß
μ≈“¥‚≈°„À⇪ìπÀπ÷ËßÀπ૬¡“°°«à“°“√¡Õß„π√–¥—∫¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§ À√◊Õ¡Õßμ≈“¥·¬°‡ªìπ à«π Ê ¥—ßπ—Èπ
7 Managerial Economics
8. °“√μ‘¥μàÕ ◊ËÕ “√·≈–°“√¢π àß∑’Ë –¥«° √«¥‡√Á« ·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ®÷߇ªìπ ‘Ëß ”§—≠ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’
°“√ àßÕÕ°·≈–π”‡¢â“ à«πª√–°Õ∫μà“ß Ê „π°“√º≈‘μ ‘π§â“√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑» ®÷ß∑”„À⇰‘¥§Ÿ·¢àß®“°
à
μà“ߪ√–‡∑»´÷Ëß¡’®”π«π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«„πªí®®ÿ∫—π
2. °“√·æ√àÀ≈“¬¢Õ߇∑§‚π‚≈¬’ “√ π‡∑»μ≈Õ¥®π‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬§Õ¡æ‘«‡μÕ√å (The
spread of information technology and computer networks) „π∑ÿ°«—ππ’ÈÀπ૬ߓπμà“ß Ê
‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ∏𓧓√ ∑’Ë∑”°“√‰ª√…≥’¬å À√◊Õ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ‰¥âπ”√–∫∫§Õ¡æ‘«‡μÕ√å¡“„™â„π°“√
®—¥°“√¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√ ∑”„Àâ°“√μ‘¥μàÕ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√‡ªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ´÷Ëߙ૬≈¥μâπ∑ÿπ„π°“√
Ÿ≠‡ ’¬≈ß
3. °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß√–∫∫°“√®—¥°“√·∫∫¥—È߇¥‘¡´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√®—¥°“√μ“¡≈”¥—∫¢—Èπ
(The dismantling of traditional managerial hierarchies) §Õ¡æ‘«‡μÕ√åπ—Èπ‡ªìπμ—«∑”≈“¬
√–∫∫°“√®—¥°“√·∫∫¥—È߇¥‘¡ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√®—¥°“√μ“¡≈”¥—∫¢—Èπ ‚¥¬∑”„Àâ°“√∫√‘À“√√–¥—∫°≈“ß
Ÿ≠À“¬‰ª „πÕ¥’μºŸâ∫√‘À“√√–¥—∫°≈“ß®–∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπμ—«‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈√–À«à“ߺŸâ∫√‘À“√√–¥—∫
Ÿß°—∫æπ—°ß“π√–¥—∫≈à“ß ·μà∑ÿ°«—ππ’ȧա摫‡μÕ√å™à«¬„Àâ°“√μ‘¥μàÕ ◊ËÕ “√√–À«à“ߺŸâ∫√‘À“√√–¥—∫
Ÿß°—∫æπ—°ß“π√–¥—∫≈à“ß À√◊Õ®“°æπ—°ß“π√–¥—∫≈à“߉ª¬—ߺŸâ∫√‘À“√√–¥—∫ Ÿß‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥âÕ¬à“ß –¥«°
·≈–√«¥‡√Á« ´÷Ëß àߺ≈„À⺟â∫√‘À“√√–¥—∫°≈“ß¡’∫∑∫“∑≈¥≈ß
4. °“√·æ√àÀ≈“¬Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√´÷Ëß∂◊Õ‡ªìπ‡»√…∞°‘®¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√
¬ÿ§„À¡à (The creation of a new information economy) „πªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È°“√»÷°…“ “¡“√∂
‡ªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«°«à“„πÕ¥’μ ‚¥¬‡√“ “¡“√∂·°â‰¢¢âÕº‘¥æ≈“¥‰¥âÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« ‚¥¬°“√„™â√–∫∫
§Õ¡æ‘«‡μÕ√å ´÷Ëß¡’º≈°√–∑∫∑’˧àÕπ¢â“ß√ÿπ·√ß°«à“„πÕ¥’μ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ°“√º≈‘μ ‘π§â“À√◊Õ∫√‘°“√
μ≈Õ¥®π√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß°“√º≈‘μ °“√∫√‘‚¿§ ·≈–°“√®—¥°“√ ∑”„Àâ¿“«–°“√·¢àߢ—π„πμ≈“¥‚≈°¡’
§«“¡√ÿπ·√ߢ÷Èπ ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√μ—¥ ‘π„®∑“ߥâ“π°“√®—¥°“√®”‡ªìπ®–μâÕߧ”π÷ß∂÷ßÕߧåª√–°Õ∫μà“ß Ê
‡À≈à“π’ȥ⫬
∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õß°‘®°“√À√◊Õ∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õß∏ÿ√°‘® (The theory of the firm) À¡“¬∂÷ß ‡Àμÿº≈
„π°“√‡°‘¥¢÷π¢Õß°‘®°“√ μ≈Õ¥®πÀ≈—°°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√‚¥¬∑—«‰ª¢Õß°‘®°“√ (Salvatore, 2001: 9) ‚¥¬
È Ë
®–‡√‘Ë¡®“°°“√»÷°…“¡Ÿ≈§à“¢Õß°‘®°“√ (The value of the firm) ¢âÕ®”°—¥„π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√ ·≈–¢âÕ
®”°—¥¢Õß∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õß°‘®°“√μ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õßæƒμ‘°√√¡°“√®—¥°“√∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ à«π
”§—≠¢Õ߇»√…∞»“ μ√å°“√®—¥°“√
“‡Àμÿ¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥·≈–∫∑∫“∑¢Õß°‘®°“√ (Reasons for the existence of firms
and their functions)
°‘®°“√ (Firm) §◊Õ Õߧå°√Õߧå°√Àπ÷Ëß ´÷Ë߇™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß·≈–®—¥ √√∑√—欓°√¡“„™âÕ¬à“߇À¡“– ¡
‡»√…∞»“ μ√å°“√®—¥°“√ 8