Natural gas is odorless, non-toxic, and lighter than air. It is comprised primarily of methane but also contains small amounts of other gases like ethane and carbon dioxide. Natural gas requires oxygen, an ignition source, and a specific fuel-air ratio to combust properly. Incomplete combustion can produce carbon monoxide, a toxic, odorless gas. Prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide can lead to illness and death by displacing oxygen in the bloodstream. Common appliances that use natural gas must be properly installed and ventilated to ensure complete combustion and prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

1. PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GAS

2. Main Service Riser Service Valve Regulator Typical meter set assembly (MSA)

3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GAS ODORLESS NON-TOXIC LIGHTER THAN AIR

4. SPECIFIC GRAVITY AIR 1% NATURAL GAS .6% PROPANE 1.5%

5. METHANE 96.3% CARBON DIOXIDE 1.5% ETHANE 1.1% NITROGEN .6% TRACE GASES .5% 1 Carbon & 4 Hydrogen CH4 PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GAS

6. COMBUSTION TRIANGLE OXYGEN IGNITION FUEL 1100 DEGREES HEAT 1 CF FUEL (4.5% - 15%) 10 CF AIR

7. GAS-AIR MIXTURES -NATURAL GAS- % WILL IT BURN? WHY/WHY NOT? Less then 4.5% 4.5 – 15 % More then 15% NO TOO LEAN TOO MUCH AIR not enough gas YES NO PROPER MIXTURE TOO RICH Not enough air TOO MUCH GAS

8. LUMINOUS BUNSEN

9. LUMINOUS

10. BUNSEN PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION CO2 CARBON DIOXIDE - H20 WATER VAPOR

11. INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION AT A BUNSEN / LUMINOUS FLAME

12. POOR FLAME CHARACTERISTICS

13. CARBON MONOXIDE INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION 1. IS ODORLESS 2. IS COLORLESS 3. HAS NO TASTE 4. IS TOXIC

14. ALDEHYDES INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION 1. HAVE A SHARP ODOR 2. IRRITATE NOSE 3. ARE ACCOMPANIED BY CARBON MONOXIDE 4. ARE TOXIC

17. Effects of CO at Different Concentrations Permissible exposure level. No apparent toxic symptoms 3,200 ppm 1,500 ppm 400 ppm 35 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm No poisoning symptoms for long time period. Allowable for several hours . Should not be exposed to this level. Possible mild frontal headache in 2 to 3 hours. Frontal headache and nausea after 1 to 2 hours. Life threatening after 3 hours. Headache, dizziness and nausea in 45 minutes; collapse, and possible death in 2 hours. Headache, dizziness and nausea, collapse in 20 minutes; unconsciousness and possible death in 2 hours. Headache and dizziness in 5 to 10 minutes; unconsciousness and possible death in 10 to 15 minutes . Headache and dizziness in 1 to 2 minutes; unconsciousness and possible death in 10 to 15 minutes . Immediate effect; unconsciousness and danger of death in 1 to 3 minutes. 800 ppm Information from Boiler and Machinery Engineering Bulletin, Federal Register, Vol 45 and Industrial Toxicology, 3rd. Edition. 6,400 ppm 12,800 ppm

18. SMOTHERING CHAMBER

19. BOOM BOX

20. APPLIANCE CONNECTION

22. RANGE

23. COMBINATION OVEN & BROILER

24. WATER HEATER

25. NOT VENTING

26. PLUGGED SAFETY

27. TANKLESS WATER HEATER

28. GAS DRYER

29. DRYER MOISTURE EXAUST

30. WALL FURNACE

31. WALL FURNACE

32. RUPTURED FIREBOX

33. VENTED ROOM HEATER

34. UNVENTED ROOM HEATER

35. UNVENTED ROOM HEATER

36. FORCED AIR UNIT

37. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W TDR THERMOSTAT FAN MOTOR GAS VALVE HI LIMIT VENT SWITCH 24 V 120 V GROUND HEATER FAN SWITCH

38. FLOOR FURNACE

39. FLOOR FURNACE

40. CRACKED FIREBOX

41. GRAVITY HEATER

42. GAS LOGS

43. POOL HEATER

44. QUESTIONS?