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What is a sunk cost? The average cost of operating a plant A cost that can be avoided if certain choices are made A cost that always varies with the output of a factory A cost incurred no matter what the decision is and cannot be avoided The Solution A cost incurred no matter what the decision is and cannot be avoided .

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What is bit stuffing in CAN messages? Why do we use it ? Solution Bit stuffing is a provider for Error Handling when Transfer Layer instead of Physical Layer in Control Area Network (CAN).A Controller Area Network (CAN bus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other in applications without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, designed originally for multiplex electrical wiring within automobiles, but is also used in many other contexts. It serves two purposes In CAN bit Synchronization happens with an edge. So inserting an edge after 5 consecutive homogeneous bits ensures synchronization of all nodes. When the receiver is receiving homogeneous bits it will not understand whether it is reading the bit. so to avoid resulting Bit error Bit Stuffing is used. .

What is bit stuffing in CAN messages- Why do we use it -SolutionBit st.docx

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What is a valid consideration for planning VLAN traffic across multiple switches? Explain in brief What is a valid consideration for planning VLAN traffic across multiple switches? Explain in brief What is a valid consideration for planning VLAN traffic across multiple switches? Explain in brief Solution A valid consideration for planning VLAN traffic across multiple switches is that, a trunk connection is affected by broadcast storms on any particular VLAN that is carried by that trunk. .

What is a valid consideration for planning VLAN traffic across multipl.docx

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What is a reasons for using layered protocols? What is one possible disadvantage of using layered protocols? Solution Reasons for using Layered protocols: 1. Layering of protocols provides well-defined interfaces between the layers, so that a change in one layer does not affect an adjacent layer. 2. The protocols of a network are highly complicated and designing them in layers make their implementation more feasible. Possible disadvantage of using Layered Protocol: Each layer potentially puts overhead both in terms of information stored in protocol headers and processing time. .

What is a reasons for using layered protocols- What is one possible di.docx

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What is a single entry accounting system? Solution Single entry accounting system is considered as an incomplete system of recording financial transactions. Single entry system maintains only accounts of debtors, creditors and cash book Single entry accounting system is not based on concept of duality and thus is not self balancing. Chances of error are high. Single entry accounting system us generally used by small businesses as there are less formalities, simle to use and less expensive as compared to double emtry system. Single entry system requires less expertise. Single entry system is not preffered as it does not provide data for efficient planning to management, Less likely to detect threats and frauds and thus overall control suffers. .

What is a single entry accounting system-Solution Single entry acco.docx

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What is a false positive and how could it be used to hide a real attack? Solution False positives are alerts generated by an IDS because it thinks it has detected a valid attack against a monitored system,but the attack really is not valid.False Positives are problems because they create alert noise that can hide a real attack,and then can send you a wild goos chases for attacks that never relly happened. A False positive occurs when an IDS generates an alert on either Network traffic that looks like an attack to the IDS,but isnot an attack. A real attack that attack doesnot applyto the system being monitored. A false negative is a real attack that was missed by the IDS, and therefore not alerted on.An IDS might miss an attack because the attack is not one it recognizes,becuse the IDS overwhelmed or because the attacker has successfully used a method of evading the IDS. .

What is a false positive and how could it be used to hide a real attac.docx

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What impact does font selection have on readability? Solution Font selection plays a vital role in the readability. With different sizes and types of fonts we differentiate between headings, sub headings and the content of the paragraph. We can even differentiate between the definition, explanation and example of a particular content in particular context. For comfortable reading, we must always choose simple font like Times, Times New Roman,Calibri etc. Fonts can also be used to display the content in artistic way. Usually these font types will be artistic and attractive look and feel but very complex when it comes to the point of readability. In this manner font selection has various impact on readability.some are very simple and soothing which provide ease of readability and some are very complex it terms of readability. .

What impact does font selection have on readability-SolutionFont selec.docx

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What if Source One were to argue that it was merely an agent and was only responsible for gathering information... could Source One claim that its client is a principle, and therefore Source One is not responsible for the information request made by the client? Solution The attorney-client privilege has become one of the most complex and therefore, litigated privileges. 1 This is due, in significant part, to the difficulties created by the concept of confidentiality. 2 From the creation and preservation of the privilege, to the development of the facts to prove the legitimacy of the claim, the requirement of confidentiality 3 has created time-consuming and costly responsibilities for both litigants and judges. 4 In addition, confidentiality has been interpreted as imposing a superfluous secrecy requirement that has generated conflicting decisions and practices. .

What if Source One were to argue that it was merely an agent and was o.docx

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What function does “feedback” play in the work of the manager and how does accounting help the managers in this regard? Explain using examples to support your discussion. Solution Manager create value for employees in two ways. They remind employees of their value to the company. An employee gets motivation from manager\'s attitude and approach. Manager encourage employee feedback on any issue and let employees know that their opinions are taken seriously. Manager acts as the liaison between the executing staff and the employees.They create a dynamic workplace where employee feel that their opinions have vale to the company. This inspire employees to discover ways that are efficient to do their job. Accouting help management in preparing financial data management, analysis and advice, financial report preparation, ensuring that all reporting deadlines are met. .

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What exactly is stress-What is the difference between so-calledSolutio.docx

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What effect would the contamination by the following impurities have on the melting point of benzoic acid? a. sand b. benzoin c. broken glass d. pieces of insoluble cork e. water f. acetylsalicylic acid Solution There would be no effect on melting point of benzene of Sand Broken glass And pieces of insoluble cork as they can no way interact chemically. In case of benzoin and water, due to significant hydrogen bonding, melting point of benzene increases For the case of acetylsalicylic acid, it does not increase because the acid hardly interact and form bond due to its large size and stearic hindrance. .

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What does “wave-particle duality” of light mean? What are some of the evidence supporting the wave theory of light? What are some of the evidence supporting the particle theory of light? Solution Wave particle duality means behavior or light both as particle as well as wave in different cases. Photoelectric effect shows the particle nature of light in which light as a packet of photons incidents on a metal and it will eject a photon of energy less then that of incident photon. Young\'s double slit experiment supports the wave nature of light in which interfere of coherent wave sources increase the amplitude and intensity of light. That shows that light have wave like property. .

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what does literal equation mean Solution 1. According to the letter or verbal expression; real; not figurative or metaphorical; as, the literal meaning of a phrase. [1913 Webster] It hath but one simple literal sense whose light the owls can not abide. --Tyndale. [1913 Webster] 2. Following the letter or exact words; not free. [1913 Webster] A middle course between the rigor of literal translations and the liberty of paraphrasts. --Hooker. [1913 Webster] 3. Consisting of, or expressed by, letters. [1913 Webster] The literal notation of numbers was known to Europeans before the ciphers. --Johnson. [1913 Webster] 4. Giving a strict or literal construction; unimaginative; matter-of-fact; -- applied to persons. [1913 Webster] Literal contract (Law), a contract of which the whole evidence is given in writing. --Bouvier. .

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What do you do first if you get a boot message of Invalid System Disk? Solution this issue can be caused when seccurity softwere has disables access to drive C or windows setup was unable to copy the system files to hard disk or computer may be infected with a boot-sector virus. for resolve this issue uase an anti-virus program to detect and remove the virus and then reinstall windows,boot-sector virus infect computers by copying information either to boot sector on a floppy disk or partition table on a hard disk.during startup.During start up the virus is loaded into memory once in memory the virus tupically infects any non-infected disks that your computer is connected to. in some cases windows may not propery detect that you are using disk management sofwere and may overwrite the master boot record information. .

What do you do first if you get a boot message of Invalid System Disk-.docx

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What do we mean by facts and dimensions in connection with OLAP? Can you give some examples of facts and dimensions that might be used by companies like Amazon? Solution In an OLAP, facts and dimensions are tables which is used in a star schema. The center of the star consists of fact table and the points of the star are the dimension tables. The fact tables will be in 3NF normalized form and dimension table are de-normalized. A fact table usually contains 2 types of columns like foreign keys to dimension tables and measures those that contain numeric facts. This fact table level is an aggregated level data. A dimension is a structure usually contains one or more hierarchies which categorizes data. The primary keys of each of the dimension tables are part of the composite primary key of the fact table. Dimensional attributes help to describe the dimensional value. .

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What do we meant by \"hate speech\"? Give some examples of hate speech in cyberspace. Solution Hate Speech is a speech that attacks,insults or threatens a person or group of people on the basis of nationality,religion,color,gender,sexual orientation, disability or ethinicy. Examples of Hate Speech in cyberspace: 1.Cyberbullying where teenagers or preteen kids post jokes and gossips which out have the nature of hurting other individuals. 2.Racism through social media;spreading videos of beating men and women for their non nativity;beating gay for their sexual orientation etc,. 3. Terrorists threating posts about their previous attacks and future plans. are some of the examples of Hate Speech in Cyberspace. for further queries kindly get back .

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What differentiates the special noun from other types of nouns? Solution Answer- . A common noun is the word used for a class of person, place or thing. Examples: Common nouns are further classified into: Proper Nouns A proper noun is the name of a person, place or thing (i.e., its own name). A proper noun always starts with a capital letter. For example: Collective Nouns A collective noun is the word used for a group of people or things. For example: Compound Nouns Compound nouns are nouns made up of two or more words. Some compound nouns are hyphenated, some are not, and some combine their words to form a single word. For example: .

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What do astronomers believe the origin of the oort cloud to be? A.The Oort cloud is the equivalent of halo stars in the galaxy: the objects in the Oort cloud consist of planetessimals that formed from small parts of the collapsing cloud B.The Oort cloud consists of comets that were thrown out by nearby stellar system and that were captured by the gravity of our Sun C.The Oort cloud consists of Kuiper belt objects that were tossed about by Jupiter D.The Oort cloud consists of asteroids that were tossed about by Jupiter E.The Oort cloud is the remnant of a giant planet that formed in the outer regions of the solar system, but that was torn apart Solution The oort cloud is almost spherical and thought to be the origin of long period comets in the space. Thus, option (B) is correct. .

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What determines what needs the valency? Give the name of the following ions. Include the valency where needed. For example, leadV) a. Co2+ Cobalt ion b. Be2+ Beryllium(ll) c. Cu Copper(l) d. N Nitride ionx ion 3- ion Pa a. cobalt(II) ion b. beryllium ion c. copper(I) ion d. nitride ion Solution d block elements needs to be specified valency a) Co is d block element So, we need to mention valency Answer: Cobalt(II) b) Be is s block element So, we donâ€™t need to mention valency Answer: Beryllium c) Cu is d block element So, we need to mention valency Answer: Copper(I) d) N is p block element So, we donâ€™t need to mention valency Answer: Nitride .

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What design element enhances the perception of grouping on a screen? Solution Proximity, Similarity, Continuity, Closure and Connectedness Proximity : Shapes which are close to one another appear to form groups. Similartiy : Everything else bing equal, perception lends to see stimuli whichever physically resemble each other as part of the same object Continuity : whenever two objects are in intersection to each other then people tendency is to see those as single pbject. Closure : Its about the mind tendency to see a image as complete even if its incomplete. Connectedness : It refers to group together forms of similar shape and size .

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