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NFC & RFIDwith Android Tod E. Kurt, ThingMWhere 2.0 2011, Santa Clara, CA

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What is this talk?Why you should care about RFID & NFCOverview of what RFID & NFC is technically How Android implements NFC What Android can and cannot do Some existing Android apps Tips on how to add NFC to your Android app Non-Android NFC hacking

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Who is this guy? @todbot does...Crystal Monster BlinkM Smart LEDs ScrewShield Spooky ArduinoWiichuck adapter

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Why Should I Care About RFID? Exxon Mastercard PayPass IdentificationSpeedPass Financial TransactionsAsset tracking Access control SF Muni Clipper pass Supply chain

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Why Should I Care About NFC?Some of the things NFC promises... http://www.nfc-forum.org

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Also...

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Why I like RFIDThingM: WineM AFK: SeaWorld in Dubai ThingM: Ghost Tours at Henry Ford !

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RFID

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RFID is EasyRFID tag – just a serial number, a unique IDUID 32-bit or 56-bitSome tags UP TO 4kB! (wow!) of writeable data

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Why RFID instead of......barcodes– can have a lot more data, no ugly barcode...QR codes– can write data, no camera lag, no ugly qr code...Bluetooth– cheaper, low-overhead, easier setup...WiFi / GPS localization– cheap, definite, closely-spaced location

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What RFID is NotNOT localizationNOT proximity detectionNOT fast data transferNOT secure (for non-smartcard)Be careful using it for identification, use it instead for fun

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How RFID works“reader” “tag”expensive ($10) cheap ($0.10)

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Passive Tag Internals

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Some Interesting RFID Examples

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Waterpark ticketday-pass vs season passage-based restrictionspayment of food, beverages, merchandise

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Casino Chips Theft Fail man steals $1.5M in chips, cashes them in for $0 and jail“RFID can void the stolenchips, like a registrationthat’s no longer valid,”Kendall said.“When we manufactureRFID-embedded chips andsend them to a casino,they’re not worth anythinguntil they register the codes.Until then, they’re nothing butfreight.”

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NFC

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NFC: Near Field Communication web-like semantics for RFID Built on existing RFID tech Multi-part, mime-typed, textual data Devices can have 3 modes: - tag reader/writerNokia 3220 NFC - tag emulation - peer-to-peer data transferNFC products available since 2005

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NFC Technical Architecture http://www.nfc-forum.org/

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NDEF: NFC data exchange format some example NDEF formats http://wiki.forum.nokia.com/

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Some cool NFC ideasTap Your Top10 – Send top 10 list to DJ by tapping phoneHouseMood – Tap your house so it knows your moodHiRes 4SQ – Precise, hyper-dense checkins with foursquare

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NFC Capabilities on AndroidCurrently available Android NFC phones: Google Nexus SUse Android 2.3.3 (API Level 10) as the NFC APIs drasticallychanged from 2.3.2.New Intent Filter and TechFilter APIs for registering interest intypes of cards, types of NDEF messages, types of NFC events

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What works now on Android? Tag reader/writer Tag emulation (of certain NFC NDEF tags) P2P communication (Android-specific)

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What doesn’t workTag emulation of Smart CardsPeer-to-peer with Nokia NFC phones

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Nexus S NFC Hardware

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Current App Landscape

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taglet & AnyTag “bit.ly for RFID tags” maps UID –> URL works with any tag phone can read but both don’t seem to work on 2.3.3

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Tags App System App Two functions: - tag reader - tag emulator Makes sharing contact info & URLs easy

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NFC TagInfo most useful

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NXP TagWriterlets you format tags for NDEF use

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NXP TagWriter

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App DemosLet’s try to show some demos...

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Developing NFC on AndroidDisclaimer: I’m not a big Android programmer.Good docs at http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/nfc/go read them.Instead, look at the process from a high levelAnd at the lower-level setup and gotchas

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Quick Android SDK Setup IntroAndroid apps are written in Java using Eclipse IDEInstall Eclipse (or other favorite IDE)Download Android SDKHook Android SDK up to EclipseTell SDK to download needed extra packagesThen you can start a new Eclipse Android project

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App Activity lifecycle Apps have at least one Activity Activities triggered from system events, “intents” Activities are paused & resumed by Android system

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Main Steps to add NFC■ Edit app’s AndroidManifest.xml, set: ■ Minimum SDK version ■ Hardware permissions ■ Intent filters■ Two ways to work: ■ Intent Dispatch – run your Activity on tag presence ■ Foreground Dispatch – intercept tag intents

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Permissions in ManifestSet SDK version to get to NFC APIs:<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10"/>Request permission from the user to use NFC hardware:<uses‐permission android:name="android.permission.NFC">

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Intent Filter in ManifestNFC intent filters tell Android your Activity can handle NFCAnd let you control what kind of tags your Activity sees<intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED"/> <data android:mimeType="mime/type" /></intent-filter><intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED"/> <meta-data android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED" android:resource="@xml/nfc_tech_filter.xml" /></intent-filter><intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.TAG_DISCOVERED"/></intent-filter>

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Intent Filter Can even filter on NFC mime-type<intent‐filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED"/> <data android:mimeType="text/x‐vcard"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/></intent‐filter>

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TechFilter Filter for what kind of tag hardware you care about<resourcesxmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2"> <tech-list> <tech>android.nfc.tech.IsoDep</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.NfcA</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.NfcB</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.NfcF</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.NfcV</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.Ndef</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.NdefFormatable</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.MifareClassic</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.MifareUltralight</tech> </tech-list></resources>

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Get Tag Data In onCreate() if using intent filters, or anywhere using foreground dispatchIntent intent = getIntent();NdefMessage[] msgs = intent.getParcelableArrayExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGESs);for (int i = 0; i < msgs.length; i++) { NdefRecord[] records = msgs[i].getRecords();}

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FakeTagsActivity

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Hacking NFC not on AndroidGet a USB or serial readerGet some tags (SF Muni Clipper, your prox card, etc.)Get some appsHook it up to your PC or Arduino

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Touchatag http://touchatag.comInexpensive ($40) USB NFC readerComes with 10 read-only 64-byte tagsWorks with libnfc

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Proxmarkhttp://www.proxmark.org/ GPL RFID hardware reader Build it yourself, if you’re hardcore Read/emulate any RFID tag $300

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SonMicro RFID http://sonmicro.com 13.56 MHz RFID reader Libraries for Processing & Arduino Read/write tags Limited NFC, no emulation $30 avail from SparkFun

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LibNFC http://www.libnfc.org/Multi-platform library for NFC explorationWorks with most all NFC/RFID USB readersUnderstands most all NFC/RFID tag typesActive developer community

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Open NFChttp://www.open-nfc.org/

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TagAge.net Create custom NFC tags with custom graphics, all online

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Linkshttp://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3.3.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/guide/topics/nfc/index.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/reference/android/nfc/NfcAdapter.htmlhttp://www.rfid-handbook.com/rfid/http://www.nfc-research.at/http://www.nfc-forum.org/http://www.proxmark.org/

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Thank Youimagine these guys with NFC tags

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Thank Youimagine these guys with NFC tags

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Tod E. Kurthttp://thingm.com/http://todbot.com/blog/