1. The direct and indirect mechanisms
of facilitation by shrubs play a
central role in maintaining leopard
lizard populations.
Progress Report
Taylor Noble
M.Sc. Candidate
Supervisor: Dr. Christopher Lortie
Committee Member: Dr. Bridget Stutchbury
2. Positive Interactions: Facilitation
High abiotic
stress
environments
Many examples
plant-plant
interactions
Dubai Desert Conservation
Reserve,http://www.ddcr.org
/en/conservation/research/
(Bertness et al. 1997, Bruno et al. 2003, Holzapfel et al. 1999, Liu et al. 2014)
4. Direct and Indirect Interactions
Moon, D. C., Moon, J. & Keagy, A. (2010) Direct and Indirect Interactions. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):50
Direct Interaction
Indirect Interaction
16. Hypothesis
Desert shrubs provide direct benefits to small animals such as shelter,
indirect benefits in the form of resources such as prey.
17. Chapter 1: A systematic review of the effects of
indirect plant-animal interactions.
18. Moon, D. C., Moon, J. & Keagy, A. (2010) Direct and Indirect
Interactions. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):50
Indirect
Interaction
Direct
Interaction
Direct
Interaction
20. Predictions
Keystone predation and habitat facilitation.
Intermediate species will most often be a plant species.
Animal abundance or survival will increase.
28. Was animal survival or abundance discussed?
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Abundance Survival
29. Chapter 2: A field survey of the effects of Ephedra
californica on leopard lizard activity patterns.
30.
31. Hypothesis: Desert shrubs provide direct benefits to small animals such
as shelter, indirect benefits in the form of resources such as prey, and
indirect benefits by increasing annual-plant density within the canopy
thereby providing additional protection.
32.
33. Predictions
Lizard activity will be highest under shrubs.
Larger shrubs will have higher lizard activity.
Insect density will be greater under shrubs.
37. Timeline of study
Jan.-Feb. Feb.-March March- April April- June
Large Shrub
Survey
Planning and
Systematic
Review
Pick Sites, Pilot
Study, Set up
Survey
Conduct Survey
38. Chapter 3: An experimental manipulation of the
shelter and resource effects of Ephedra californica
on leopard lizard foraging.
40. Hypothesis: Desert shrubs provide direct benefits to small animals
such as shelter, indirect benefits in the form of resources such as prey,
and indirect benefits by increasing annual-plant density within the
canopy thereby providing additional protection, making them safer and
more desirable for animals to forage at.
>
>
41. Predictions
Lizards will forage more frequently under shrubs and other shelters.
Lower giving-up densities (GUD) at shrubs.
Lizards will prefer stations with annuals removed.
46. References
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