Slides for an approx. 45-50min presentation on Finnish prehistory, language and the genetics of the people, illustrating tribal migrations in the Palaeolithic.

1. FAQ on Finland: Series of Lectures on the Finns, their language, history and culture Terhi Nurmikko, MSc, MPhil, BA (Hons) Archaeologist, language buff and aspiring web-nerd

3. The Origins of the People and the Language of Finland

7. mtDNA Migration Pattern (X chromosome)

8. K, U and U5

9. Haplogroup N1c (N3) (Y chromosome) Subgroup of Haplogroup N, which is some 10 - 20,000 yrs old. N1c is rare in Europe, but prominent in Finland. This subgroup is about 12,000 -14,000 mmyrs old. Over 80% of Finnish genes come from a single North European population – most other Europeans are a mix of three or more groups.

10. The Final Picture

11. The Finnish Language

12. Finno-Ugric Language Tree

13. Finno-Ugric Languages on the Map

14. Phonetic Similarities *jäŋe jég ij jiena jiekŋa, jieŋa jää jää ice *śilmä szem šinča čalme čalbmi, čalmmi silm silmä eye *kala hal kol kyeli guolli, guoli kala kala fish *mene- menni, megy mije- moonnađ mannat minna, min - mennä, men - go *sōne/*se̮ne ín 'sinew' šön suona suotna, suona soon suoni vein *süle/*sile öl šəl solla salla, sala süli syli lap Finno-Ugric reconstruction Hungarian Mari Inari Saami North Saami Estonian Finnish English

15. Our Linguistic Cousins, the Saami The Saami flag Traditional Saami dress Amoc - Skorpiooni

16. Oral Tradition 28 th February: The Day of Kalevala – An Official Day to Celebrate and Commemorate the National Epic consists of 22,795 verses, divided into 50 runo (lit. “poems”) probably dates to the Iron Age although some parts could be older collected as songs sung by people separated by vast geographic distances yet all songs are in the same metre, the archaic trochaic tetrameter aka “Kalevala metre” “ Sammon Puolustus” Gallen-Kallela, 1895

17. Kalevala Vaka vanha V ä inäm ö inen itse tuon sanoiksi virkki: “ Näistäpä toki tulisi kalanluinen kanteloinen, Kun oisi osoajata; soiton luisen latijata.” Kun ei toista tulutkana, ei ollut osoajata Soiton luisen laatijata, vaka vanha Väinäm ö inen Itse loihe laatijaksi, tekijäksi tentelihe. Laati soiton hauinluisen, suoritti ilon ikuisen. Kust’ on koppa kanteletta? Hauis suuren leukaluusta Kust’ on naulat kanteletta? Ne on hauin hampahista Kusta kielet kanteletta? Hivuksista Hiien ruunan. Jo oli soitto suorittuna, valmihina kanteloinen Soitto suuri hauinluinen, kantelo kalanevainen. Tuli tuohon nuoret miehet, tuli nainehet urohot, Tuli pojat puol’ikäset sekä pienet piikalapset, Tyt ö t nuoret, vaimot vanhat, naiset keskinkertaisetki Kateletta katsomahan, soittoa tähyämähän “ V äinämöisen Soitto” Ekman 1866

19. The Stone Age: Myriad of Cultures Comb-ceramic Culture Suomusj ärvi Culture BC to AD

20. Rock Paintings Kirkkonummi, Finland

21. Cave Paintings Moose/Elk Boats Shamans (?) Hands Geometric designs Anthropomorphic figure

22. Rock Paintings There are some 80 sites of rock-paintings in Finland. First official sighting was made by composer Jean Sibelius in 1911. Most of them are located in eastern Finland, located along the waterways of lake Saimaa and Kymi river.

23. Moving along the Waterways “ Ruuhi”, a boat carved from a single tree trunk. Saarij ärvi Museum.

24. Bronze Age Burials The largest Bronze Age burial mound in Northern Europe. Kauniainen, near Helsinki.

25. Bronze Age burial mound or “hiidenkiuas” in Rauma, Finland.

26. Iron Age Brooch from Vesilahti, Pirkanmaa. Finest example of working with gold. This example is from Nausiainen, Finland.

27. Arrival of Christianity “ V äinämöisen Lähtö” Gallen-Kalela, 1895

28. Concluding Words

29. Any Questions?