This document provides an introduction to group facilitation. It discusses key facilitator roles and features of the skilled facilitator approach. A group effectiveness model and mental models theory are presented. Model I and Model II behaviors for mutual learning are defined. Nine ground rules for effective groups are listed. Balancing advocacy and inquiry is discussed, including forms of skillful and dysfunctional dialogue. The ladder of inference concept is introduced for applying advocacy and inquiry.
12. Testing: “Here’s
what I say, “What An artist’s
do you think of it?”
High
pallet of
g Asserting: “Here’s
llin
what I say and advocacy
Te
here’s why I say it.”
and inquiry
ADVOCACY
Explaining: “here’s how the
world works and why I can
see it that way.”
Low
13. Clarifying: “What is the question
we are trying to answer?”
Interviewing:
Exploring others’
points of view, and
the reasons behind
them
k ing
As
Low
INQUIRY High
14. High
ADVOCACY
Bystanding: Making
comments which pertain
to the group process, but
not to content.
Sensing:
Watching the
conversation flow
Ob
without saying
much, but keenly
se
aware of all that
transpires
rv
ing
Low
INQUIRY High
15. Ge
Skillful
n
Dialogue
High
era
(Balancing
Advocacy
tin
and Inquiry):
Genuinely Dialogue:
g
curious, Suspend all
ADVOCACY
makes Assumptions,
reasoning creating a
explicit, asks “container” in
others about which collective
assumptions thinking can
emerge.
Low
INQUIRY High
16. Dysfunctional Forms of Advocacy and Inquiry
Dictating: “Here’s Politicking: Giving
what I say, and never the impression of
mind why.” balancing advocacy
(Dysfunctional)
and inquiry, while
ADVOCACY
being close-minded
(Dysfunctional)
Withdrawing: Interrogating:
Mentally “Why can’t you
Checking out of see that your
the room, and point of view is
not paying wrong?”
attention (Dysfunctional)
(Dysfunctional)
INQUIRY
17. Ge
Testing
ng
High Skillful
n
li
er
el
Dialogue
at
T Asserting (Balancing
ing
Advocacy and
ADVOCACY
Explaining Inquiry)
Dialogue
Bystanding Clarifying
Interviewing
Sensing
Ob
ing
s er
k
As
vin
g
Low
INQUIRY High
18. Ladder of Inference
Take action base on belief
Adopt beliefs
Draw conclusions
Make assumptions
Add meanings
Select data
Observable data and
experience
19. How Do You Apply the Ladder of Inference
by Using Advocacy and inquiry?
Walk “Down” the Ladder.