Cellular IoT Landscape: a Disruptive opportunity for "IoT Now". Presentation from EUCNC 2015 (June) Conference

1. The Cellular IoT Landscape:
a disruptive opportunity for IoT NOW!
T. Lestable, Ph.D
Technology & Innovation,
Office of CTO
SAGEMCOM SAS

2. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization2
Internet of Everything (IoE) is coming…sooner than you think
By 2020:
* [30-50] Billion devices connected
* $7,1 Trillion Global Market

3. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization3
IoT/M2M, Beyond the Hype…
http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2575515
5G??

4. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization4
IoT early stage investments (2013)
Cellular IoT
$25M
$115M
$25M
$11M

5. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization5
Overall IoT Market Forecast by 2025
Source: McKinsey, June 2015
True revolution is
not coming from
where you might
think….
 Industrial IoT is
leading the Market !

6. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization6
Strategic IoT Use Cases/Services (illustrations)

7. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization7
Waste Collection for Smart Cities, By ENEVO
Waste Collection optimized route
Waste Container connected sensor
http://www.enevo.com/
Finland
Ultrasonic fill level sensor
10+ years battery life
IP 66, [-40°, +85°]

8. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization8
Geolocation, by Abeeway
http://www.abeeway.com/
Location: Grenoble, FR
- Up to 1 year of battery
autonomy
- Small and handy size (starts at
6cm / 2,4in)
On-demand geolocation
Daily updates
Movement alerts
Notification in case of exit from boundary
Device paging as needed
Light up the device
N.B: integrates GPS Rx & motion sensor in V1

9. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization9
Fire/CO2 Detection & Alarms, by FINSECUR
10 years battery life
Up to 10 ‘DAAF’ (Detectors) interconnected
Std: EN 14604
HQ Nanterre, FR
http://www.finsecur.com/index.php
1st samples should be
available by July

10. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization10
IoT Segment Trade-offs
Source: LoRa AllianceSOM = Share Of Market
Unlicensed bands!

11. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization11
Emerging De-facto LRLP standards
Vs
‘De-facto’ standards
IOT, Multi-Vendors, Certification
Source: McKinsey, June 2015
Open Standard

12. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization12

13. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization13
LTE Networks’ Deployments – May 2015
393 Networks launched in 138 Countries
+460 by end of 2015!
+497 Million LTE Subsc. (Q4’14)
Source: GSA

14. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization14
LTE Subscribers – More than 497 Million worlwide (Q2’2015)
Source: Ovum WCIS (GSA)
LTE subs. In Millions
APAC = 47%
N.A = 33%
Europe = 16%
RoW = 4%
China added +54Million LTE subs in Q4 2014!

15. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization15
LTE MTC: Cat.0 (Rel.12) & Beyond
Source: Ericsson
MTC
• Low Cost (Reduced
complexity)
• Low throughput (1Mbps
maxi)
• Better
penetration/Coverage
• 15-20dB
enhanced
• 5-10 years battery life
• Long sleep cycles
(x100)
• Add-ons
• D2D
• LTE-U
This is indeed a good direction…
But @ What Price & When?

16. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization16
5G Hype…. 5G is Coming but WHEN?? (2020)
Rel.12 Rel.13 Rel.14 Rel.15 Rel.16
5G
1st Rel.12 commercial deployment
1st Rel.13 commercial deployment
5G Standard5G Research, prototypes 5G Product 5G Roll-out
2021
N.B: 3GPP Rel.13 is slipping away towards Q4’16!  LTE-M around H2’18

17. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization17
• 3GPP Release 13 Timeline
3GPP Status – Cellular IoT (as of June 2015)
Qx’16?Aug15 Sep15 Oct15 Nov15 Dec15 Jan16 Feb16 Mar16Jul15
GSM Evolution
Clean Slate
Solution
LTE-M 3GPP RAN
End of
Release 13
3GPP
GERAN
GERAN
CSSCIoTWI
EndofCIoTSI RAN
GERAN / RAN?
RAN/GERANMergePlan
GERAN#67
RAN#69
PCG#35
Normative work of LTE-M and in parallel of a CSS
(initial) Target of CSS is Rel.13
Q4’16?
slipping
This is ‘SigLo’ or ‘LoFox’ effect…
Indeed, SigFox then LoRa™ acted as catalysts!!
Stakeholders realized that true IoT business can be done NOW with low
TCO!

18. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization18
3GPP Cellular IoT: Clean Slate & GSM Evolution
included in TR 45.820
Only proposals,
not included
in Technical Report TR 45.820

19. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization19
Complementarity LTE-MTC & LPWAN
In spite of 3GPP well appreciated efforts to simplify & optimize
the radio profiles & mechanisms to embrace true nature of
MTC/IoT, it is believed the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
will be many order of magnitude above LPWAN!!!...
Especially the radio modules will face a Floor effect under
which they’ll never be able to go down!
The Time to Market (TTM) for LTE-M is availability in H2’2018.
We see LPWAN LoRa™ as complementary to 3GPP LTE
path, similarly to WiFi now interfaced with LTE (e.g.
Passpoint).
The true need would be to specify CoreNetwork APIs, and
protocols to have smooth integration and interworking of both
systems whenever needed.

20. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization20

21. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization21
SigFox
© Thierry Lestable, 2012
21
83% of Territory covered with 770
BSs (-142dBm) Eof 2013
SigFox Network Operator (SNO)
Model
- UK: Arqiva – 2015
- Netherlands: Aerea (Tele2)
- Russia: Micronet
- Spain: Abertis (Securitas)
- US: Trial, (Whistle, canine tracker)
Time
Spectrum
Lately announced 1300-1500 sites

22. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization22
SigFox – Uplink & Downlink
GFSK – 600bps
@869.525 MHz
8 bytes Max
UNB – 100bps
@868 MHz
12 bytes Max
Repetition = 3
FIXED for any deviceUPLINK
DOWNLINK

23. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization23
SigFox – Registers & commands
No OTA provisionning!
SigFox doesn’t offer any Link Adaptation mechanisms to cope with Variable Wireless
Environment.
This also means no fallback mechanisms available (to increase robustness), nor
optimized battery consumption management when conditions are good.
Provisioning is done at manufacturing only.
Finally, given the DELAY (20s) between DL and 1st UL msg, impossible to use it with
minimum Latency constraint application, and the size of DL (8 bytes) definitely limits
reconfiguration of device, and of course firmware update.

24. Besides SigFox, are there any
other Challengers to LoRa™?
OnRamp, Telensa & Neul…
Qowisio,

25. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization25
OnRamp: Oil & Gas Fields through Random Phase Multiple Access
characteristics OnRamp
DSSS RPMA
Spreading Factor
(SF)
Max 2^13 = 8192
Freq.band 2.4GHz
BW 1 MHz
Topology Star
Sensitivity -142dBm
Max throughput ~20kbps
Coverage Rural: 16Kms
Urban: 4Kms
Due to CDMA-like, requires complex Power
Control to ensure orthogonality amongst
users, and high computation at BS.
The 2.4GHz band is highly crowded, not
right choice for future.
Very limited Ecosystem (adopters), highly
focused on Oil & Gas Fields, small
Lighting systems.

26. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization26
Telensa: City Lighting system through UNB
characteristics TELENSA
Network Topology STAR
Radio interface Bidirectional, Ultra-Narrow Band
(UNB)
Protocol Proprietary, TALQ* compatible
Node-to-GW range 5-8Kms in Rural
2-3 kms in Urban
Cell (BS) capacity 5K nodes/endpoints (Telecells)
CoreNetwork
Capacity
150K nodes  30 BS
Backhaul Cellular
http://www.talq-consortium.org/
This solution inherited from Outdoor
Lighting Networks is NOT relevant
for Massive LPWAN IoT Roll-out.
Coverage, Capacity & scalability are
clearly not appropriate.

27. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization27
The Challengers: Weightless & Telensa
Hardware
(Modules & Gateway)
Board
Specifications
smallscaletests
-N
Weightless-N (UNB) is created
White space is dropped (W)
UNB Proprietary solution
Street Lightning
&
Smart Parking
Solution deployed
Accross 30 countries.
Mostly UK though: 650K Sensors
San-Francisco Trial since 2014
Behind schedule for defacto approach, with lack of adopters &
manufacturers, but might bet on 5G mid-term/long-term, backed by
Huawei
Doomed to stay
proprietary & niche
market.

28. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization28

29. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization29
LoRa™ Network Features

30. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization30
What do you need to deploy a LoRa Network ?
End Points LoRa Infrastructure :
• Base Stations
• Site acquisition
• Site Construction
• Radio Planning
• Site Operation & Maintenance
Business Apps,
Sales &
Administrative
• LoRa Back Office/LNS
Platform
• APIs
• Storage
• Channel Management
• Invoicing
Secured Ip
Connection
SNMP,
IPV6,HTTP
…

31. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization31
LoRa™ PHY Layer: Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) / IEEE 802.15.4a
𝑠 𝑡 = 𝑒
−𝑖𝜋∗𝐵𝑊∗ 𝑡−
𝑡2
𝑇𝑠
𝑇𝑠 =
2 𝑆𝐹
𝐵𝑊
𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝 =
1
𝐵𝑊
𝑇𝑠 = 2 𝑆𝐹 ∗ 𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝
Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM)
Spreading Gain
𝛽𝜏 = 𝐵𝑊 ∗ 𝑇𝑠 = 2 𝑆𝐹 ≫ 1
LoRa™ PHY inherits its properties from
RADAR technology, and its maturity in
Telecom from IEEE 802.15.4a (WPAN)

32. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization32
LoRaWAN device classes

33. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization33
LoRa™: Bidirectional communications
Class A: Receiver Initiated Transmission strategy (RIT)
Class B: Coordinated Sampled Listening (CSL)
Network may send downlink packet to node at any Rx slot
Class C: Continuous Listening
LoRa™ is
fully
bidirectionnal
from early
stage.
Three Modes
(Class A, B,
C) allow to
embrace
Industry 4.0
strong
segment of
applications.
Latencyconstrainedapplications
PowerEfficiency

34. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization34
LoRA™ nodes protocols
• Ultra small/low power
• 10x5x5 cm, <3Watt
• Multiple channels & data rates
• 8 channels
• Best sensitivity
• -142dBm @300bps
• -129dBm @6Kbps
• Antenna Diversity
- Variable Spreading Factors
- (SF7-SF12)
- Data rates
- [0.3Kbps – 50Kbps]
- Pseudo-random Channel Hoping
- Duty-cycle limited (NO LBT)
- 3 classes of Devices
- Class A: Bi-directional with
2 Rx windows
- Class B: Bi-directional with
additional scheduled Rx
slots
- Class C: Continuous Rx
2 End-Device
Activation Methods:
- Over The Air
Activation (OTAA)
- Activation By
Personalization
(ABP)
Class A

35. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization35
Multiple Overlapping Networks on the same territory & roaming
1) LoRa™ Alliance defines mechanisms enabling Multiple
Operators to deploy their network on the same territory, sharing
radio resources whilst optimizing global capacity thanks to Link
Adaptation (Adaptive Data Rate, ADR) optimization/RRM.
2) The LoRa™ alliance currently drafts « Best practice » and
APIs in order to standardize also international Roaming, similarly
to GSMA in 2G/3G/4G (TAP3 Open Standard).

36. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization36 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization36

37. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization37
LPWAN Killing application = Localization whilst saving battery!
TDOA
RSS
DRSS
Data Fusion
& hybrid
solutions
are natural
solutions
thanks to
flat IP
architecture
Localization is a « MUST HAVE » for
many industrial 4.0 applications, and
thus KEY Differentiator amongst IoT
Systems.

38. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization38
TDOA Basics
𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖 = 𝑇𝑒 + 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑖
𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑗 = 𝑇𝑒 + 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑗
Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗 = 𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖 − 𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑗 = 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑖 − 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑗
𝑇𝑒 is not needed no need to
synchronize EndPoint with BS
Hyperbolic localization
Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗 = 𝑑 𝑖
𝑐
−
𝑑 𝑗
𝑐
=
1
𝑐
𝑑 𝑖−𝑑 𝑗
LOS assumed
𝑑𝑖
𝑇𝑒
𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖
𝑥
𝑦
𝑥𝑖
𝑦𝑖
𝑑𝑖 − 𝑑𝑗 = 𝛿𝑖𝑗 = 𝑐Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗
𝑑𝑖 = 𝑑𝑗 + 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝑑2
𝑖 = 𝑑2
𝑗 + 𝛿2
𝑖𝑗 + 2𝑑𝑗 𝛿𝑖𝑗
𝑑2
𝑖 = 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖
2
+ 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑖
2
constant
−2𝑥 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥1 − 2𝑦 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦1 − 2𝑑1 𝛿𝑖1
𝑥
𝑦
𝑑1
= 𝑋Linear w.r.t 𝐴 ∗ 𝑋 = Δ
Known  Constant

39. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization39
TDOA (Weighted Least Square) – influence of SF
SF7
SF9
SF12
SF12
SF7
- No Multi-path/fast fading
(1000EPs, 1 transmission/EP)
IncreasedSFincreasedcoveragehigherNbofRxGWs
To get full benefits from LoRa™ degrees of
freedom (ADR, TxPr, densification,…), joint
Optimization is required …designing RRM

40. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization40
Sagemcom - Femto LoRa integration
• An easy way to increase the densification to :
• Connect additionnal objects
• Connect inhome appliances
• Enhance the accuracy
• LoRa in the Home residential Gateway (RGW) :
• Plugging an OTT module on existing Home residential
Gateway (RGW) via interface.
• Or directly integrated/embedded within the ISP RGW
• LoRa capabilities managed from LoRa servers :
• Low software impact inside the Home residential
gateway itself (mainly driver of the Module and
passthrough interface to the Lora Server)
Home residential
Gateway
Femto LoRa

41. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization41 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization41

42. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization42
• LoRA Alliance announced during CES 2015 in Las Vegas
• http://lora-alliance.org/
IoT – Long Range Low Power (LRLP): LoRA Alliance

43. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization43
LoRa Alliance – Sample of Members (+70 members)
Operators
Sponsor Members Contributor Members
AdoptorMembers
+New Operators
(worldwide)

44. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization44 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization44

45. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization45
More Spectrum should be made available for IoT Business
Innovation
[870-876] MHz & [915-921] MHz
Open to SRD, RFID
- Albania
- Moldova
- Slovak Republic
- Slovenia
- Sweden
- UK
Alignment, Harmonization with
US ISM band
[863-870] MHz

46. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization46 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization46

47. This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization47
LPWAN IoT Systems – Now & Tomorrow
LPWAN are changing already the rules of competition by
proposing new disruptive business models, thanks to tailored
technology, well dimensionned from the beginning with the true
fondamental and simple primary needs from major industrial
IoT:
- (Very) Low Power
- (Very) Long Range
- (Very) Low Cost (TCO)
This allows new actors to join the Connected Economy, by
adopting available & affordable wireless technology, with simple
& fast roll-out.
Simplifying IoT roll-out will massively
benefit value extraction from data, and
its monetization.
Innovative & disruptive business is emerging from ISM bands
technologies (e.g. WiFi, RFID, SRD, and now IoT), Regulators
should bear that in mind, whilst LTE-U/LAA is crossing the line…

48. Thanks…
Any Question?