1. Levels of causation and the interpretation of probability Seminar 2 Federica Russo Philosophy, Louvain & Kent
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9. Multilevel models response variable explanatory variable at the individual level explanatory variable at the group level i : index for the individuals j : index for the group those vary depending on the group Errors are independent at each level and between levels
Farmers have low chances of migration, however, as the percentage of farmers increases, they will start to migrate more thus raising the overall probability of migration in the whole population. The multilevel model allows the proportion of farmers in the population to be a cause of a particular farmer migrating.