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Reconstruction (1865-1876)
Key Questions 1. How do we bring the South back into the  Union? 2. How do we  rebuild the  South after its destruction  during the war? 3. How do we integrate and protect newly- emancipated black freedmen? 4. What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction?
Wartime Reconstruction
President Lincoln’s Plan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
President Lincoln’s Plan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Wade-Davis Bill (1864) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Senator Benjamin Wade (R-OH) Congressman Henry W. Davis (R-MD)
Wade-Davis Bill (1864) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],President Lincoln Wade-Davis Bill Pocket Veto
Jeff Davis Under Arrest
13 th  Amendment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through  Southern  Eyes Plenty to eat and nothing to do.
Freedmen’s Bureau School
Presidential Reconstruction
President Andrew Johnson ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Damn the negroes!  I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!
President Johnson’s Plan (10%+) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],EFFECTS? 1. Disenfranchised certain leading Confederates. 2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back    to political power to control state organizations. 3. Republicans were outraged that planter elite    were back in power in the South!
Growing Northern Alarm! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],BLACK CODES
Slavery is Dead?
Black Codes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Congress Breaks with the President ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Johnson the Martyr / Samson If my blood is to be shed because I vindicate the Union and the preservation of this government in its original purity and character, let it be shed; let an altar to the Union be erected, and then, if it is necessary, take me and lay me upon it, and the blood that now warms and animates my existence shall be poured out as a fit libation to the Union.     (February 1866)
Radical (Congressional) Reconstruction
14 th  Amendment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Balance of Power in Congress State White Citizens Freedmen SC 291,000 411,000 MS 353,000 436,000 LA 357,000 350,000 GA 591,000 465,000 AL 596,000 437,000 VA 719,000 533,000 NC 631,000 331,000
The 1866 Bi-Election ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Johnson’s “Swing around  the Circle”
Radical Plan for Readmission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reconstruction Acts of 1867 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reconstruction Acts of 1867 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Edwin Stanton
President Johnson’s Impeachment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Senate Trial ,[object Object],[object Object]
New Black Society ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Freed Blacks in Politics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Radical Republicans ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
White Terror ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
End of Reconstruction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Black "Adjustment" in the South
Sharecropping
Tenancy & the Crop Lien System Furnishing Merchant Tenant Farmer Landowner ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Black & White Political Participation
Establishment of Historically  Black Colleges in the South
Black Senate & House Delegates
Colored Rule in the South?
Blacks in Southern Politics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
15 th  Amendment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The “Invisible Empire of the South”
The Failure of Federal Enforcement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Civil Rights Act of 1875 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Abandonment of Reconstruction
Northern Support Wanes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1876 Presidential Tickets
“ Regional Balance?”
1876 Presidential Election
The Political Crisis of 1877 ,[object Object]
Hayes Prevails
Alas, the Woes of Childhood… Sammy Tilden —Boo-Hoo!  Ruthy Hayes’s got my Presidency, and he won’t give it to me!
A Political Crisis:  The “Compromise” of 1877

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Reconstruction