1. SME 6044
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN
MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Pensyarah : Prof. Dr. Marzita Puteh
Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
5. TIMSS
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
TIMSS atau nama penuhnya Trends In
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
International Mathematics and
Science Study, merupakan kajian oleh
IEA (The International Association for
the Evaluation of Educational
Achievement) yang berpusat di
Amsterdam, Belanda.
6. LATAR BELAKANG
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
TIMSS merupakan laporan yang
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
membandingkan prestasi pencapaian matematik
dan sains para pelajar sesebuah negara di
peringkat dunia dan perbandingan ini
dijalankan setiap empat tahun iaitu, 1995,
1999,2003, 2007, 2011 dan seterusnya.
Mula dilaksanakan pada tahun 1995, TIMSS
melaporkan setiap empat tahun terhadap
pencapaian pelajar gred 4 dan gred 8.
7. LATAR BELAKANG
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Beberapa negara yang mengambil bahagian dalam
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
TIMSS 2011 mempunyai data trend seluruh
penilaian dari 1995 hingga 2011.
TIMSS 2011 adalah kelima dalam siri IEA.
Penilaian dilakukan ke atas pelajar – pelajar dari
tahun 4 dan tingkatan 2.
8. LATAR BELAKANG
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Data – data yang diperolehi melalui hasil
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
kajian TIMSS, menunjukkan tahap pencapaian
pelajar-pelajar tahun 4 dan tingkatan 2 dalam
matematik peringkat antarabangsa.
9. PENYERTAAN TIMSS
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
1995 1999 2003 2007 2011
41 38 46 59 77
10. OBJEKTIF
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Tujuan TIMSS adalah untuk mengukur prestasi
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
pencapaian matematik dan sains para pelajar
dari tahun 4 dan tingkatan 2 di peringkat
antarabangsa DAN
Penilaian pencapaian pelajar antarabangsa
bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengajaran
dan pembelajaran dalam matematik dan sains.
11. ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Kajian TIMSS membuka peluang kepada negara
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Malaysia untuk mengetahui potensi dan
prestasi pelajar Malaysia dalam kalangan
negara-negara peserta
12. ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia juga boleh
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
menggunakan hasil kajiannya ini untuk menilai
dan menentukan keberkesanan kurikulum
matematik dan sains yang sedang digunakan di
sekolah-sekolah
Rumusan hasil kajian TIMSS turut memberi
peluang kepada Kementerian Pendidikan
Pelajaran untuk peningkatan mutu kurikulum
dan sistem pendidikan.
13. ITEM-ITEM PENILAIAN
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS TIMSS
Kandungan item dan taraf ujian Matematik dan
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Sains antarabangsa ini diselaraskan untuk
negara-negara yang menyertai penilaian
tersebut (dengan persetujuan negara itu
sendiri) bagi membolehkan perbandingan
dibuat tentang tahap dan trend pencapaian
Matematik dan Sains pelajar
Gred 8 (Tingkatan 2).
14. PENILAIAN DOMAIN KANDUNGAN DAN DOMAIN
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS DAN KELAPAN
KOGNITIF DI GRED KEEMPAT
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
DOMAIN KANDUNGAN
GRED 4 GRED 8
Number Number
Geometric Shapes and Algebra
Measures
Data display Geometry
Data and Chance
15. PENILAIAN DOMAIN KOGNITIF DI
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
GRED KEEMPAT DAN KELAPAN
Domain pertama, mengetahui, merangkumi fakta,
konsep, dan prosedur pelajar perlu tahu,
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
manakala
yang kedua, memohon,memberi tumpuan kepada
keupayaan pelajar untuk menggunakan
pengetahuan dan konsep memahami untuk
menyelesaikan masalah atau menjawab soalan.
Domain ketiga merangkumi, penaakulan, melampaui
penyelesaian masalah rutin ,merangkumi situasi
yang tidak dikenali, konteks yang kompleks, dan
pelbagai masalah.
16. BENCHMARK
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Skor yang diperolehi oleh negara-negara yang
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
menyertai TIMSS akan menentukan
kedudukan mereka di peringkat antarabangsa.
Pencapaian prestasi dinilai mengikut
17. BENCHMARK
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Advanced Benchmark (625) – Pelajar boleh
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
mengatur dan membuat kesimpulan daripada
maklumat, membuat generalisasi dan
menyelesaikan masalah bukan rutin.
High Benchmark (550) – Pelajar boleh
memohon pemahaman dan pengetahuan
mereka dalam pelbagai situasi yang agak
kompleks..
18. BENCHMARK
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Intermediate Benchmark (475) – Pelajar
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
boleh memohon pengetahuan matematik yang
asas dalam situasi yang berterus terang.
Low International Benchmark(400) –
Pelajar mempunyai pengetahuan nombor
bulat dan perpuluhan, operasi dan graf asas.
19. ITEM 2 –PENCAPAIAN SKOR
MQA02 DOCUMENTS
• Jadual dibawah menunjukkan prestasi pelajar
di dalam kajian TIMSS 1999 hingga TIMSS
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
2007:
• Skor Purata Mata Pelajaran Matematik
TIMSS BAHASA SKOR KEDUDUKAN
NEGARA
1999 MELAYU 519 16
2003 MELAYU 508 10
2007 MELAYU 474 20
INGGERIS
2011
20. ISU
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PENDIDIKAN FORMAL DAN TIDAK
FORMAL WUJUD DI SETIAP PELUSUK
DUNIA
21. ISU
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PERBEZAAN SISTEM PENDIDIKAN
ANTARA NEGARA TIDAK MENGUBAH
MAKSUD PENDIDIKAN UNTUK
MEMAJUKAN HIDUP INI DARI
GENERASI KE GENERASI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2adO
22. ISU
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Pendidikan memainkan peranan
utama dalam memperkukuh daya
saing negara dan membina
1Malaysia.
23. ISU
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Menurut, Timb. Perdana Menteri, Tan Sri
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Dato’ Haji Muhyiddin bin Mohd Yassin,
Menteri Pelajaran Malaysia telah
menunjukkan pencapaian kemajuan yang
memberangsangkan dalam sistem
pendidikan semenjak 50+tahun lepas .
Pada hari ini, kadar literasi golongan
dewasa di Malaysia melebihi 92%.
24. ISU
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Namun, kita masih perlu berusaha bagi
meningkatkan pencapaian pendidikan
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Negara. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan
pencapaian pelajar Malaysia dalam
keputusan TIMSS (kajian antarabangsa
pendidikan sains dan matematik) yang
menunjukkan penurunan berbanding
dengan negara seperti HongKong,
Singapura dan Korea Selatan
25. ISU
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Keadaan ini perlu diberi perhatian utama kerana
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
kualiti pendidikan tinggi berkolerasi terus
dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi negara dalam
jangkamasa panjang. Sekiranya tiada usaha
dijalankan untuk melonjakkan standard
pendidikan ke tahap yang lebih tinggi, maka
Malaysia menghadapi risiko ketinggalan dalam
pendidikan pada masa ini dan kurang berdaya
saing pada masa hadapan
26. ISU
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Critical Issues in Mathematics
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Education : Professor Alan Bishop
http://ebookee.org/Critical-Issues-in-M
27. ISU
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Enam isu kritikal, setiapnya, amat
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
penting dalam pembangunan
penyelidikan pendidikan
matematik, dikaji semula dan
dimasukkan ke dalam
perbincangan mengenai
perkembangan semasa.
28. ISU
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
i) Keputusan guru membuat
ii) ruang / visualisasi geometri,
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
iii) guru dan penyelidikan,
iv) aspek budaya / sosial pendidikan
matematik,
v) isu-isu sosiopolitik, dan
vi) nilai-nilai yang berkhidmat sebagai
isu-isu asas yang dibincangkan dalam
peperiksaan pendidikan matematik
lebih lima puluh tahun yang lalu yang
lalu.
29. ISU-ISU SEMASA MATEMATIK
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
BERDASARKAN TIMSS
1. Bahasa (PPSMI)
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
2. Tahap Kompetensi Guru
3. Sikap Pelajar
31. KAJIAN LITERATUR
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS 1
Pelajar menghadapi pelbagai masalah
dalam kemahiran mengira dan
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
menyelesaikan masalah
(Mohd Sarif dan Abdul Razak, 1996; Abedi, Lord and
Plummer, 1995; Cocking and Chipman 1998; Madison,
1990).
Perlaksanaan pengajaran Sains dan
Matematik dalam bahasa Inggeris
menambah satu lagi masalah kepada
pelajar
(Mohini, 2008; Aziz, 2004)
32. KAJIAN LITERATUR
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS 2
pembelajaran dan pentaksiran English Language
6)
Learner dengan menggunakan bahasa Inggeris telah A bedi (200
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
menyekat pencapaian pelajar dalam matematik.
mencadangkan penggunaan bahasa ibunda
996) sebagai bahasa pengujian untuk mengatasi
Stansfield (1
masalah tersebut.
menterjemahkan item ujian daripada bahasa Inggeris
)
kepada bahasa ibunda tidak memberi manfaat kepada Ab edi (2006
pelajar sekiranya bahasa pengantar adalah bahasa
Inggeris.
item dalam bahasa ibunda telah mengelirukan
)
Lord (1980 pelajar yang mempelajari konsep dalam bahasa
Inggeris kerana mereka mungkin tidak biasa
dengan terminologi yang digunakan
34. KESAN PENGGUNAAN BAHASA KELUARGA
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN TIMSS 2007
Negara % Pelajar yg kerap % Sekolah dimana 90% 2007
menggunakan bahasa pelajar menggunakan
ujian di rumah bahasa ujian di sekolah
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
1. China Taipei 83 40 598
2. Korea 95 100 597
3. Singapura 47 75 593
4. Hong Kong 91 100 572
5. Jepun 98 69 570
Skala Purata 500
TIMSS
20. Malaysia 64 38 474
28..Lebanon 20 12 449
29. Thailand 67 85 441
46. Tunisia 22 85 420
47. Ghana 31 1 309
35. KAJIAN KES
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Singapura (Yeung et. al, 2011) : Pelajar lelaki Melayu
kurang bermotivasi untuk berbahasa Inggeris. Ini
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
mempengaruhi penguasaan mereka terhadap
matapelajaran Matematik.
Cara mengatasi : Meningkatkan motivasi pelajar
Afrika Selatan (Howey et.al, 2000) : Pelajar tidak dapat
menguasai Matematik dalam Bahasa Inggeris tetapi mereka
mengakui bahawa Bahasa Inggeris sangat penting dalam
pembangunan matematik
Cara mengatasi :
•Meningkatkan penguasaan Bahasa Inggeris pelajar
•Guru menyampaikan pembelajaran dalam bahasa yang
mudah.
36. PPSMI
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Bermula pada sesi persekolahan 2003
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Menimbulkan polemik dan ketegangan di kalangan
masyarakat (PEMBINA,2009)
Menyebabkan keputusan ujian TIMSS (2007)
menurun (Tuah & Mohini, 2010)
Jurang semakin besar antara (May & Ong, 2010)
2.Pelajar bandar dan luar bandar
3.Pelajar cemerlang dan kurang cemerlang
37. ITEM CONTOH SOALAN TIMSS
2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Joe knows that a pen costs 1 zed more
than a pencil. His friend bought 2
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
pens and 3 pencils for 17 zeds. How
many zeds will Joe need to buy 1
pen and 2 pencils
Negara Peratus Kredit Penuh
China Taipei 68%
Purata Antarabangsa 18%
Malaysia 14%
Penggunaan bahasa adalah prasyarat bagi pengiraan dan
penyelesaian masalah berayat matematik (Miller & Mercer, 1997)
38. ITEM CONTOH SOALAN TIMSS
2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
In this diagram, CD=CE. What is the
value of x?
A. 40 B. 50
C. 60 D.70
Negara Peratus Kredit Penuh
Singapura 75%
Malaysia 36%
Purata Antarabangsa 32%
39. PPSMI - FAKTOR GURU
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
MEMARTABATKAN BAHASA MELAYU,
MEMANTAPKAN BAHASA INGGERIS:
TAWARAN BARU SISTEM PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
(8 JULAI 2009)
Hanya 8 % guru yakin untuk mengajar Sains dan Matematik
dalam bahasa Inggeris.
Hanya 58 % masa yang diperuntukkan untuk PPSMI telah
digunakan oleh guru dalam mata pelajaran sains dan
matematik. Selebihnya guru tetap / terpaksa menggunakan
bahasa Melayu.
Sekolah berhadapan masalah kekurangan guru yang fasih
bahasa Inggeris untuk mengajar kedua-dua mata pelajaran
itu
40. PPSMI - LANGKAH KERAJAAN
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
UNESCO menyokong
Kajian dan pengajaran bahasa ibunda
pemantauan
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
sebagai medium untuk
pelaksanaan memperbaiki kualiti pendidikan
PPSMI dan meja dengan cara meningkatkan
pengetahuan dan pengalaman
bulat PPSMI para pelajar dan guru.
*Sumber : UNESCO 2003
Pemansuhan PPSMI diumumkan oleh Menteri Pelajaran
Malaysia, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin pada 8 Julai 2009
Kabinet memutuskan pelaksanaan MBMMBI
41. ITEM 2 – MQA02 MBMMBI
DOCUMENTS
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
*Sumber : KPM
42. ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
ISU TAHAP KOMPETENSI
GURU
43. ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Fadhlina (2008), kemahiran
professional guru berdasarkan
amalan profesionalisme,
pengetahuan , kefahaman dan
kemahiran pengajaran dan
pembelajaran.
44. ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
Menurut Spitzbeg (1991) ,
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
model interpersonal
kompetensi mengandungi tiga
kompenan iaitu motivasi ,
pengetahuan dan kebolehan
berinteraksi di antara dua
pihak semasa perbualan.
48. ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
-Menurut Jumaat(2004) penggunaan bahasa
inggeris dalam matapelajaran sains dan
matematik masih paras 60% (guru
menggunakan dwi bahasa) dan alat bantu
mengajar seperti laptop dan LCD memberi
impak kepada pemahaman pelajar.
-Wan Moktar (2007) sebahagiaan reponden
setuju guru banyak melakukan perbincangan
semasa pembelajaran dan pengajaran
matematik
49. ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
ISU SIKAP PELAJAR
50. SIKAP PELAJAR TERHADAP MATEMATIK
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
TIMSS 2007
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Sikap kebanyakan pelajar terhadap Matematik
Nilai yang diletakkan bagi subjek Matematik
bagi membantu mereka memperbaiki
kehidupan mereka
Keyakinan mempelajari Matematik
51. SIKAP – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
ITEM 2 PELAJAR TERHADAP MATEMATIK
Keyakinan Mempelajari Matematik
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
1 TIMSS membina Index of Students’ Self-
Confidence in Learning Mathematics
(SCM).
2 Hasil (Kajian ke atas pelajar gred 8):
Tahap Indeks Pencapaian purata
Tinggi: 43% 492
Sederhana: 37% 433
Rendah: 20% 412
52. SIKAP – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
ITEM 2 PELAJAR TERHADAP MATEMATIK
Keyakinan Mempelajari Matematik
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
1. Pencapaian Malaysia:
Tahap Peratusan Beza % Markah
Indeks Indeks dengan Purata
TIMSS 2003
Tinggi 27% -11 521
Sederhana 50% +5 458
Rendah 23% +6 453
53. SIKAP – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
ITEM 2 PELAJAR TERHADAP MATEMATIK
UNDERSTANDING THE GAP IN
MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENTS OF
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
MALAYSIAN STUDENTS
Noor Azina Ismail
University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Sumber:
Journal of Educational Research; May/June
2009, Vol.102 Issue 5, p389-394, 6p, 2 charts
54. SIKAP – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
ITEM 2 PELAJAR TERHADAP MATEMATIK
Ringkasan:
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Malaysia menduduki tempat ke-10 dari 43 negara
dari hasil dapatan TIMSS 2003.
Menurut I. V. S. Mullis, M. O. Martin, E. J.
Gonzalez, & S. J. Chrostowski,2004 dipetik dari
jurnal Noor Azina Ismail, pencapaian Matematik
pelajar di Malaysia bergantung kepada:
4. Keyakinan diri mempelajari Matematik
5. Mempunyai buku yang banyak di rumah
6. Kerap menggunakan komputer
7. Bukan berbangsa Melayu
55. SIKAP – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
ITEM 2 PELAJAR TERHADAP MATEMATIK
Tujuan kajian:
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Mangenalpasti faktor yang membezakan
pelajar berpencapaian tinggi dan rendah di
kalangan pelajar Malaysia.
Mengenalpasti hubungan antara
pencapaian Matematik dengan faktor-faktor
yang dikaji. (keyakinan diri, bilangan buku di
rumah, penggunaan komputer & bahasa)
56. SIKAP – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
ITEM 2 PELAJAR TERHADAP MATEMATIK
Keputusan:
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
69% ibu bapa tamat pengajian di peringkat
menengah sahaja.
65% berazam menamatkan pengajian di
universiti.
1/3 pelajar kadang-kadang atau tidak
bercakap bahasa ujian di rumah.
39% berkeyakinan mempelajari Matematik
78% menghargai subjek Matematik
57. SIKAP – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
ITEM 2 PELAJAR TERHADAP MATEMATIK
Kesimpulan & Cadangan:
Faktor utama pencapaian Matematik
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
di kalangan pelajar Malaysia:
Keyakinan diri mempelajari
Matematik
Kekerapan menggunakan komputer
Bahasa
Bilangan buku di rumah
58. SIKAP – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
ITEM 2 PELAJAR TERHADAP MATEMATIK
1. Keyakinan diri mempelajari
Matematik:
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Indeks keyakinan =
pencapaian
Cadangan kepada guru:
iv. Menunjukkan sikap yang positif
terhadap Matematik.
v. Memperbaiki strategi pengajaran
59. SIKAP – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
ITEM 2 PELAJAR TERHADAP MATEMATIK
2. Kekerapan menggunakan komputer:
Pelajar yang kerap menggunakan komputer
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
mendapat markah lebih dari markah purata
antarabangsa.
Cadangan:
iv. Ibu bapa membeli komputer dan
menggalakkan mereka menggunakannya
untuk tujuan pembelajaran.
v. Guru memaksimumkan penggunaan
komputer dalam P&P.
60. SIKAP PELAJAR TERHADAP MATEMATIK
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
1. Jumlah buku di rumah:
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Cadangan:
iii. Ibu bapa membeli lebih banyak buku ilmiah
terutamanya Matematik.
iv. Sekolah dan pihak terbabit perlu
memperbanyakkan buku-buku dan rujukan
terkini di perpustakaan.
61. SIKAP PELAJAR TERHADAP MATEMATIK
ITEM 2 – MQA02 DOCUMENTS
1. Bahasa:
Pelajar yang bercakap bahasa ujian tidak
UPSI Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
ramai mendapat markah melebihi markah
purata antarabangsa.
Ujian bagi kajian TIMSS 2003 menggunakan
bahasa Melayu.
Pencapaian pelajar bangsa Cina dan India
lebih baik dari bangsa Melayu.
Cadangan:
Kajian kelemahan pelajar Melayu dalam
Matematik.
62. SEKIAN TERIMA KASIH…
Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Hinweis der Redaktion
Animated countdown timer on textured background (Difficult) Tip : Some shape effects on this slide are created with the Combine Shapes commands. To access this command, you must add it to the Quick Access Toolbar, located above the File tab. To customize the Quick Access Toolbar, do the following: Click the arrow next to the Quick Access Toolbar, and then under Customize Quick Access Toolbar click More Commands . In the PowerPoint Options dialog box, in the Choose commands from list, select All Commands . In the list of commands, click Combine Shapes , and then click Add . To reproduce the donut shape effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout , and then click Blank . On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes , and then under Basic Shapes click Donut . On the slide, drag to draw a donut. Drag the yellow sizing handle so that the donut is roughly 0.25” in thickness. Select the donut. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, in the Height box enter 5” and in the Width box enter 5” . Also under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline and then click No Outline . On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes , and then under Rectangles click Rectangle . On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, in the Height box enter 5.5” and in the Width box enter 0.08” . Also under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline and then click No Outline . Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy , and then click Duplicate . Repeat this process this process 7 times for a total of 9 thin rectangles. Select a duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate , in the Rotation box enter 10 . Select another duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate , in the Rotation box enter 20 . Select another duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate , in the Rotation box enter 30 . Select another duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate , in the Rotation box enter 40 . Select another duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate , in the Rotation box enter 50 . Select another duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate , in the Rotation box enter 60 . Select another duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate , in the Rotation box enter 70 . Select the last duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate , in the Rotation box enter 80 . Press and hold CTRL, and then select all of the small thin rectangles. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click Combine Shapes , and then click Shape Union . Also on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Copy , and then click Duplicate . Select the duplicate group of rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Rotate , and then click Rotate Right 90° . On the Home tab, in the Edit group, click Select , and then click Select All . Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then do the following: Click Align to Slide . Click Align Middle . Click Align Center . Press and hold CTRL, select the donut shape, and then select the first group of rectangles. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click Combine Shapes , and then click Shape Subtract . Press and hold CTRL, select the donut shape, and then select the second group of rectangles. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click Combine Shapes , and then click Shape Subtract . On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes , and then under Basic Shapes click Donut . On the slide, drag to draw a donut. Drag a sizing handle so that the donut is roughly 0.5” in thickness. Select the second donut. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, in the Height box enter 5.21” and in the Width box enter 5.21” . Also under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline , and then click No Outline . Press and hold CTRL, select the second donut, and then select the first, segmented donut. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click Combine Shapes , and then click Shape Subtract . Select the remaining donut. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click Gradient fill , and then do the following: Click the button next to Preset colors and then click Silver . In the Type list, select Linear . Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane click No line . Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane, in the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets , and then under Outer click Offset Center . Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, in the 3-D Format pane, under Bevel , click the button next to Top and then click Slope . On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes , and then under Basic Shapes click Donut . On the slide, drag to draw a donut. Drag a sizing handle so that the donut is roughly 0.25” in thickness. Select the new donut. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click the button next to Color , click More Colors , and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 194 , Green: 10 , and Blue: 6 . Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane click No line . Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Size in the left pane, in the Size pane, under Size and rotate , in the Height box enter 5.14” and in the Width box enter 5.14” . Select the new donut. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , and then click Send Backward . Press and hold CTRL, and then select the two donuts. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then do the following: Click Align Selected Objects . Click Align Center . Click Align Middle . With both donuts selected, drag the donuts so that the top edge is roughly 1” from the top edge of the slide. To reproduce the other shape effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes , and then under Rectangles click Rectangle . On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing tab, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click Gradient fill , and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear . In the Angle box, enter 90 . Under Gradient stops , click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until three stops appear in the slider, then customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 75% . Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 35% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 0% . Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100% . Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane click No line . Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Size , and in the Height box enter 7.5 , and in the Width box enter 2.83 . On the slide, select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , and then click Send Backward . Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then click Align Middle and Align Center . To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box . On the slide, drag to draw a text box. Type “3” in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Lucida Bright from the Font list, select White, Background 1 from the Font Color list, and then select 96 pt. from the Font Size list. Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy , and then click Duplicate . Select the second text box. Change the text to “2.” Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy , and then click Duplicate . Select the third text box. Change the text to “1.” Press and hold CTRL, and then select all three text boxes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then do the following: Click Align Selected Objects . Click Align Middle . Click Align Center . With all three text boxes selected, position the text boxes in the center of the two donuts. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select , and then click Selection Pane . On the slide, select the silver, segmented donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Grow & Turn . Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous . In the Duration box, enter 1.00 . On the slide, select the gradient-fill rectangle. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then click More Entrance Effects . In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle , click Expand . Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous . In the Duration box, enter 1.00 . On the slide, select the red, solid donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Fade . Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select After Previous . In the Duration box, enter 0.25 . In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the “3” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Fade . Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box enter 0.50 . Select the red, solid donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Exit click Wheel . Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous . In the Duration box, enter 1.00 . In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the “3” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Exit click Fade . Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous . In the Duration box, enter 0.50 . In the Delay box, enter 0.50 . In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the solid red donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Fade . Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous . In the Duration box, enter 0.25 . In the Delay box, enter 1.00 . In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the “2” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Fade . Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous . In the Duration box, enter 0.50 . In the Delay box, enter 1.00 . Select the red, solid donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Exit click Wheel . Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous . In the Duration box, enter 1.00 . In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the “2” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Exit click Fade . Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous . In the Duration box, enter 0.50 . In the Delay box, enter 1.50 . In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the “1” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Fade. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous . In the Duration box, enter 0.50 . In the Delay box, enter 1.50 . In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the solid red donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Fade . Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous . In the Duration box, enter 0.25 . In the Delay box, enter 1.00 . In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the “1” text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Exit click Fade Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous . In the Duration box, enter 0.50 . In the Delay box, enter 2.00 . Select the red, solid donut. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Exit click Wheel . Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous . In the Duration box, enter 2.00 . To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes , and then under Rectangles click Rectangle . On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click Picture or texture fill , and then do the following: Click the button next to Texture and select Brown Marble (fourth row, first option from the left). Clear the Tile picture as texture box. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and in the Line Color pane, click No line . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Picture Corrections in the left pane, and in the Picture Corrections pane, under Brightness and contrast , do the following: In the Brightness box, enter -42%. In the Contrast Box, enter - 28% . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Picture Color in the left pane, and in the Picture Color pane, under Recolor , click the button next to Presets and then click Grayscale . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Artistic Effects in the left pane, and in the Artistic Effects pane, do the following: Click the button next to Artistic Effects and then click Blur . In the Radius box, enter 7 . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Size in the left pane, and then under Size and rotate do the following: In the Height box, enter 7.5 . In the Width box, enter 10 . On the slide, select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then click Align Middle and Align Center . On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy , and then click Duplicate . Select the second, duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, in the Transparency box, enter 90% . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Picture Corrections in the left pane, and in the Picture Corrections pane, under Brightness and contrast , do the following: In the Brightness box, enter 12%. In the Contrast Box, enter 44% . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Artistic Effects in the left pane, and in the Artistic Effects pane, do the following: Click the button next to Artistic Effects and then click Blur . In the Radius box, enter 9 . On the slide, select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then click Align Middle and Align Center . On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy , and then click Duplicate . Select the third, duplicate rectangle. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Adjust group, click Reset Picture . Also under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click the Format Picture dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then in the Fill pane, do the following: Click the button next to Texture and then click Granite . Select Tile picture as texture . In the Transparency box, enter 94% . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Picture Corrections in the left pane, in the Picture Corrections pane, under Brightness and contrast , do the following: In the Brightness box, enter 2% . In the Contrast box, enter 70% . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Artistic Effects in the left pane, and then in the Artistic Effects pane, do the following: Click the button next to Artistic Effect and then click Photocopy . In the Detail box, enter 9 . On the slide, select the third rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then click Align Middle and Align Center . On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy , and then click Duplicate . Select the fourth, duplicate rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, in the Fill pane, click Gradient fill , and then do the following: In the Type list, select Radial . In the Direction list, select From Center . Under Gradient stops , click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until two stops appear on the slider. Customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 100% . Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 50% . On the slide, select the fourth rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then click Align Middle and Align Center . Also on the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select , and then click Select All . Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , and then click Group . On the slide, select the grouped rectangles. Also on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Cut . Also on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow below Paste , and select Paste Special . In the Paste Special dialog box, select Paste , and then under As , select Picture (PNG) . Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align and then click Align Middle and Align Center .
