Essay On Terrorism In India

A Study Of Terrorism And The Terrorist
The study of terrorism and the terrorist is not something belonging to any particular discipline. What
does forensic psychology have to offer?
In the present political climate terrorism is a grave and growing concern for the national security of
many countries. While it is important to acknowledge that acts of terrorism date back through
centuries of recorded history, it is nevertheless apparent that today, the threat of terrorism is as dire,
if not more so, than ever before. Terrorism dominates public and media attention compared to other
types of violent offending (Ruby, 2002b), and 9/11 and the 7/7 London bombings have demonstrated
the devastating capabilities attributable to successful terrorist acts. Thus, understanding terrorism
and 'what makes someone a terrorist', with a view to predicting terrorist attacks and behaviour, is a
concern shared by many domains, including forensic psychology (FP), criminology and political
science. While Borum (2004) notes that FP does not provide the sole analytic framework with which
to understand terrorism, it is important to recognise the contributions FP has made, and is still
making, to the subject. Therefore, the present essay will discuss what FP has to offer in the study of
terrorism with reference to past, present and potential directions for future research.
Contributions of Forensic Psychology
FP focuses on terrorism from an individual perspective. As Taylor points out: "individuals commit
terrorist acts" (Taylor, 2012,
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Internal Terrorism in India
Table of content
Introduction 01
Chronology of major incidents 04
Western india04
Jammu and kashmir 05
Northern and Northwestern India06
Northeastern india10
South india13
Challenges before India's Internal Security14
Internal strategy16
Introduction
Internal terrorism has been an ugly scene in India probably for as long as we have known. The
independence war saw the nation split into two parts which led to not only blood shed but left a
scar across the hearts of many. People who were living together were made to separate and more
importantly ideologies were imposed and the immediate next generation exposed to...show more
content...
(I agree there can be a lot of debate here.)
4. Fundamentalism grows when you do not take action against it. When we allow incidents like
what is happening in Maharashtra, andhra Pradesh (India) we are paving the path for further
internal terrorism. The policy makers and more importantly the implementing machinery has to
move beyond trivial interests and nip this from the bud. 5. We cannot allow a collective history of
brutal memories to develop. When the mother in MNIK says "there is only a good boy and a bad
boy" i cringe at that. Maybe it is our collective duty to ensure that the generation growing up now
and preparing for the future is not fed with hatred and vengeance. Exchange of ideas, opinions, and
perspectives in the youth has to be ensured. Allowing more and more students from these terror
prone areas to assimilate in the mainstream cities and ensure that the youth is not brought up with a
tormented history in their system. One essential thriving point of fundamentalism is the target
audience that it holds and it is essential that we break that cycle. It is our collective responsibility
that a Muslim boy does not grow up resentful or that he is not brought up with a museum of
collected horror stories. The generation bringing up its children has to move ahead with a resolve
that the children grow up loving and

Hindutva Essay
Hinduism Hindutva is a popular concept in India that represents Hindu ideology and promotes the
hegemony of Hinduism in government, even at the expense of others. Directly translated as
"Hinduness", Hindutva was established as an official term made up by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
in 1923 (Falak). Opponents of Hindutva suggest that it is greatly similar to fascism in the sense that
it oppresses the beliefs and liberties of minority groups. On the other hand, the Sanatan Sanstha was
founded by Jayant Balaji Athavale in 1990 and arranged the "Hindu Awakening" conferences about
unification for the sake of improving India (Falak). However, Sanatan Sanstha activists have been
caught in the process of trying to bomb Indian cities. Many Hindu political groups contradict their
own peaceful words with violent actions, which is simply deceptive....show more content...
The caste system, often highly regarded by the elite of Hinduism, consists of four main divisions
(Lee). There are Brahmins, the highest caste of priests and scholars; Kshatriyas, warriors and
kings; Vaishyas, merchants and landowners; and Shudras, servants and peasants. Technically, there
is a fifth category of social status, formerly known as the Untouchables, called Dalits. According to
academic scholars like Dr. Ram Puniyani, Hindutva mainly represents the response of higher caste
Hindus to the uprising of the lower castes; additionally, it is the primary cause of Saffron terrorism
in India and Nepal (Falak). Divisive politics are progressively isolating classes from empathy which
is counterproductive when attempting to create peace for all people since it condones violence
against the lower castes. These inequalities are also apparent beyond the realm of socioeconomic
struggles and cause discriminatory violence in the name of

Worldview On Terrorism : Terrorism
worldview on terrorism. Unlike earlier before when terror groups were confined in their countries or
particular region, the new form of terror signposted that they could perpetrate terror to the entire
world. Evidently, from the recent past attack it's apparent that their most suitable target is unarmed
civilians. They also target the highest number of casualties possible so as to inflict fear and
intimidations and consequently pass their propaganda.
Modern terrorism can be analyzed focusing on issues such motivation, territorialism and
individualism. Assumingly, it is apparent that terrorists are more motivated than ever. Unlike
before, most terrorism activities carried out worldwide in the recent past are largely motivated by
religion rather than political or economic objectives. Jihad teachers use religion as base of their
teaching, and impose ideas to their students or followers (Mamdani, 2002). Their key motivation
is religion. Other motivation to terrorism also exists such as politics among others though
religious motivated tend to be more severe of all of them. Some time ago, most terrorism
activities focused only on places or regions were their goals and objectives were confined. This
form of terrorism was mainly homegrown or domestic. After realization of their objectives terror
activities were ceased or declined gradually. Modern terrorism has no borders; it can be carried out
virtually anywhere. It is more sophisticated and systematized thus very severe. Its goals

Essay on The War on Terror
War on terror refers to the ongoing military campaign led by U.S and U.K against organizations
identified as terrorists. Terrorism can be defined as an unlawful violence or war deliberately
targeted to civilians. It can also be defined as a systematic use of terror to coerce or violent acts
intended to create fear. This threat is normally perpetrated for religious, political or ideological
goals. The conflict as also called by other names. They include World War III, The Long War,War on
Terrorism, Bush's War on Terror, The Global War of Terror and War on
Al–Qaeda, (Coaty, 2010).
Terrorism became popular in 1996 when Al– Qaeda network was formed by the late Osama Bin
Laden. The network was formed by the World Islamic Front for Jihad...show more content...
Underlying conditions that terrorists seek to exploit were reduced. This was a measure that was used
to reduce the chances of unlawful attacks on the globe. U.S partnered with the international
community to empower weak states and prevent emergence of terrorism. To date, this can be seen in
Libya, Cote Devore and Somalia where the states have no proper governments. The international
troops have been deployed in the above states to ensure that terrorists do not utilize such loopholes to
attack the citizens.
Fighting the War on Terror
War on terror is a global challenge. A number of ways have been put across to fight the problem led
by the United States of America. Defeating terrorist has been found to be a very effective way of
fighting this threat. It is achieved by identity, location and destruction of the terrorists along with
their organizations. Once the unlawful activities are spotted, they are confirmed and relevant actions
taken against them instantly. Evidence is the U.S bombing of Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan in
pursuit of Al– Qaeda network which was successful because Osama was later found and killed.
Strategy of targeted killings is also a major way to fight terror. This is a method that focuses on the
individuals who bear the greatest responsibility. The aim is to catch them alive or dead. It has
indeed borne fruit over the years. Evidence is the demise of Sadaam, Fazul and the recent killing of
Osama

Cross Border Terrorism And Kashmir
Cross border terrorism in Kashmir
Since the beginning, Pakistan's two nations theory that The Hindu and Muslim cannot stay together
in one umbrella, led to partition of India and birth of Pakistan. Jammu & Kashmir as an unfinished
agenda of partition and consider that being Muslim majority state contiguous with its territory should
be part of Pakistan. After losing three battle (in 1947–48, 1965, 1971 and Kargil conflict in 1999) on
the name of the accession of Jammu and Kashmir with Pakistan, they failed. Pakistan very well
knows that in conventional war they will never accession Jammu and Kashmir; they approached the
low conflict intensity war with India by using sub–national actors as a relatively cheap and easy way
to keep Indian forces to tie down and to balance the conventional asymmetry, for which even death
is a laser price to pay. Former Pakistan's foreign minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, in a fiery speech
delivered at UN Security Council, condemned India's aggression and declared his nations intend to
"fight for thousand years." Zia's policy took shape after General Zia–ul–Haq had deposed Bhutto in
coup in July 1977, assuming the office of President of Pakistan, he embarked on a new policy to
promote terrorism in India through 'a thousand cuts in Kashmir.' The single act has brought a
conceptual change in the Terrorism warfare theory where idea terrorism has been used. Radical
changes have taken place in the way in which terrorist acts could be committed against

Essay on Terrorism
Terrorism is the use or threat of violence to create fear and alarm. Terrorists murder and kidnap
people, set off bombs, hijack airplanes, set fires, and commit other serious crimes. But the goals of
terrorists differ from those of ordinary criminals. Most criminals want money or some other form of
personal gain. Most terrorists commit crimes to support political causes.
The word terrorism first appeared during the French Revolution (1789–1799). Some of the
revolutionaries who seized power in France adopted a policy of violence against their enemies. The
period of their rule became known as the Reign of Terror.
Features of terrorism. Terrorist acts are committed for various reasons. Some individuals and groups
that use terrorism...show more content...
They often threaten to kill the hostages if their demands are not met. Some terrorism involves the
intentional release of toxic chemicals, poisons, germs, or other harmful substances. Bombings make
up about half of all terrorist acts.
Terrorism may cross national boundaries. A quarrel in one nation may produceterrorist attacks in
several other countries. Some governments secretly support certain terrorist groups by providing
weapons, training, and money for attacks in other countries.
Most terrorist groups fail to achieve their long–range political goals. Governments fight terrorism by
refusing to accept terrorist demands and by increasing security at airports and other likely targets.
Some countries train special military units to rescue hostages. All terrorist acts are crimes under
international law.
History of terrorism. Terrorist tactics have been used for centuries. An American group, the Ku Klux
Klan, used violence to terrorize blacks and their sympathizers in the late 1800's and the 1900's. In the
1930's, the dictators Adolf Hitler of Germany, Benito Mussolini of Italy, and Joseph Stalin of the
Soviet Union used terrorism to discourage opposition to their governments. In Northern Ireland,
Roman Catholic and Protestant extremists have used violence to push for, respectively, the end of,
or the continuation of, British rule.
Some terrorist groups in the 1960's sought the destruction of the political and

Terrorism is one of the biggest and very dangerous problems in the world. Terrorism created a great
problem to most of the nation's above all common people suffering because of their cruelty and
mindless acts. Today in this paper I want to discuss about terrorist attacks on India because of
cultural differences between India and its neighboring countries. Terrorism or terrorist attacks mostly
causes because of cultural hatred, religious hatred, hatred on other countries and many more
reasons. Most of the people think that terrorist ideas or terrorism to particular culture or group. As
previously in most of the terrorist attacks that occurred because of cultural hatred and hatred on
India and Hindu religion and they claim that they doing attacks in the name of holy and to do wars
against other religions and killing public. The developing nations like India and china they suffer a
lot with terrorist attacks. Already well developed nations they will provide financial support and
supplies high technological missiles to this terrorist groups to do attacks on developing countries. As
Hofstede mentioned that, power distance was correlated with the use of violence in domestic politics
and with income inequality in a country. By attacking a country it will affect their economy system
and creates financial instability of countries progress. Terrorism is supported by one cultural group
the teaching about their religion which is misunderstood and they also developing hatred on other

Terrorism in India
TERRORISM IN INDIA AND LEGISLATION FOR THE PREVENTION AND COMBATING
THE SAME UNDER CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM – A SOCIO LEGAL STUDY
Caesar Roy*
____________________________________________________________
_________
INTRODUCTION
Terrorism is not new and though it was seen since the beginning of recorded history it is hard to
define. The earliest known organisation was the Zealots of Judea. The Assassins were the next group
to show recognizable characteristics of terrorism, as we know today. Though both Zealots and
Assassins operated in antiquity, they are relevant today as forerunners of modern terrorists in aspect
of motivation, organisation, targeting and goal and...show more content...
Weapons technology has become more increasingly available, and the purchasing power of terrorist
organisations is on the rise. The ready availability of both technology and trained personnel to
operate it with sufficient cash allows the well–funded Governmental counter–measures.
The age of modern terrorism i.e. internationalisation of terror might be said to have begun in 1968
when the popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) hijacked an airliner en route from Tel
Aviv to Rome. Thos internationalisation of terror was progressed by the way of cooperative training
between Palestinian groups and the Japanese Red Army which began in 1974. Since then
international terrorist has continued to grow and continues to this day.
In beginning it was confined to Kashmir only. But now it has a larger footprint and it is spreading
all over the country. Before going to mention some of the more recent incidents, let us remember
worst act of terrorism in the history of mankind namely the demolition of World Trade Centre of
USA on 11th September, 2001. Surat, Jaipur, Delhi, Mumbai all have seen some big terrorist strikes
in the past. North–eastern part of the country also becomes target of the terrorist. Tamilnadu has
also faced fall out of terrorism promoted by the Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in
Srilanka. In early eighties there lighted a spark of terrorism in Punjab and the demon of terrorism
took the life of thousand peoples.
The largest act

While the world focused its main effort on the war against terrorism to the Middle East, the African
continent is silently grows as a safe haven for terrorist groups. Although these terrorist groups operate
in different countries under different names, their connection to the most known international terror
organizations is noticeable. For decades, countries of East, North and WestAfrica have been
experiencing several heinous terrorist attacks that resulted into deaths of hundreds of people. The
African states through African Union regarded terrorism as one of their major security concerns that
needs collective action. African terror groups are taking opportunity of unstable governments to
spread their ideology in remote regions and carry...show more content...
AQIM security threats include but not limited to suicide bombings, money laundering, smuggling,
kidnappings, as well as drug and human trafficking. AQIM have made millions of dollars
especially from kidnapping ransoms and drug/human trafficking. Terrorism security threats have
covered the whole continent; East Africa is another epicenter of terrorism on African continent.
For two decades, Somalia never had a national wide accepted leadership. The civil war in Somalia
fueled by religious extremism has captured the attention of the African Union and the international
community in general. The terror upsurge in Somalia greatly affected neighboring counties such
as Kenya and Ethiopia and eventually forced those states involve in conflict. Al Shabab, a
Somalia based terrorist organization not only undermined Somalia security but also terrorized the
East African region. In July 2010, Al Shabab suicide bombers killed 73 people in Uganda (BBC
News, 2010 Jul 12). This terror group with its Pilates, restricted freedom of movement in
international waters of Indian Ocean and claimed lives of many innocent travelers. The United
States categorized Ugandan and Rwandan armed rebel groups known as the Lord Resistance Army
(LRA) and the Front Democratiqe pour Liberation Rwandes (FDLR) respectively as terrorist
organizations because of their role in instability of the Great Lakes

Counter Terrorism Laws And Human Rights
COUNTER TERRORISM LAWS AND HUMAN RIGHTS
The moral rule is not "when one is about to kill you, pre–empt him and kill him first," but rather
"when one is about to kill you, do everything necessary in order to thwart his intention." Accordingly,
if there is no alternative to killing him, strike first. If there is an alternative other than killing him,
thwart his intention without striking first, without killing him.
I Introduction
Human rights and national security are at times perceived to be at odds with one another. When
government officials speak about national security, their arguments rest primarily upon the premise
that protecting human rights and civil liberties is at times subservient to protecting national security.
In India, the government has passed stringent laws protecting national security and combating
terrorist threats, but these same laws cannot pass the test of human rights scrutiny. The international
human rights framework, conventions or treaties to which India was a signatory or ratifying party,
also justified the limitations on governmental powers. However, the contemporary reality of Indian
executive governance demonstrates the weaknesses and inadequacies of the treaties and
conventions. As a result, police, military and para–military forces continue to violate human rights.
This problem underscores the need to develop a culture amongst law enforcement officials that
respects human rights as a sine qua non for the preservation of the rule of law.

Essay on Terrorism in the Media
Terrorism in the Media Terrorism can be defined as the use of criminal violence to try to force a
government to change. It can also be defined as the use of criminal violence that groups or
individuals use to seek revenge and cause heartache amongst those that they want to hurt/threaten.
Most terrorist groups prefer to target people for a more dramatic response and celebrate when the
media broadcasts their violent acts on television and throughout the news. Lately, more and more
deadly terrorist acts have been captured on film and broadcasted in all parts of the world. Sixty
years ago recordings of terroristic acts didn't spread through the world as quickly as they do now
because technology wasn't as advance. That is just one of the...show more content...
The mass media affects the spread of propaganda and just encourages group and individual terrorist
acts. In a way the media is an ally to terrorists. The media use terrorists to get stories and terrorists
use the media to spread fear and panic. The media legitimizes terrorism and their causes because by
publicizing their acts, even if not completely true, it will be believed. People say don't believe
everything you hear and read, but once its put out there, the propaganda is already set in our heads.
Attacks receive more coverage when they harm or kill victims, involve hijackings or aircraft, have
known perpetrators, and select targets associated with Western countries. A study of transnational
terrorism shows that attacks that inflict injuries are twice as likely to attract media attention as
those that do not. The attacks in which the perpetrator can be identified are four times as likely to
be reported in a newspaper and ten times as likely to be reported on television (The Media's Role in
International Terrorsim). Attacks in the Middle East or Europe are twice as likely to receive media
attention as attacks perpetrated in Latin America (The Media's Role in International Terrorism).
There are very similar factors that influence media coverage of attacks that take place within the
United States.
There are cases in which in some countries, the authorities may prevent media outlets from reporting

Ethno-Nationalist Terrorism
Ethno–nationalist terrorist groups rely on the terrorism, which seeks to establish an independent state
for ethnic, linguistic, cultural groups. They claim themselves as revolutionary groups, who want to
create own ethno centric government. Ethnic terrorism differs from religious and economic causes of
terrorism. Ethno–nationalist are more nationalist than religious counterparts, and they emphasize on
national identity, community mobilization, group identity, and oppose the idea of terrorism. They use
violence to keep their presence alive in the particular community, sustain their political agendas, and
find meaningful solutions. In addition, ethno–nationalist terrorism use fear as a tool for polarizing
people from different culture, idea, and developing alternative identities. For example, The
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) have been fighting for an independent homeland for three
million Tamils in Sri Lanka. The major parties in this ethnic conflict is aggravated by struggles
between Hindus and Muslims. This...show more content...
Second, they seek to control over a specific territory to operate an autonomous state, where
ethno–nationalist pursue the goal of state based on ethnicity, and culture. Third, non–Islamic
ethno–nationalist terrorists have less or no connection with international terrorism, and terrorist
organizations. states that, "Non–Islamist terrorist groups in Asia and Africa include their local
nature, their relative lack of connection to or support from international radical groups, and their
persistent failure (Rubin, B., & Rubin, J.,2008)." For example, the Kashmir conflict is a conflict
between India and Pakistan, which is related to land, territory and ethnicity. However, it brought
ethno–nationalist terrorist activities on both sides beginning in the

Essay On Terrorism In India

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Essay On Terrorism In India