1. The French Revolution
Mr. TI Thubisi-201200404

2. The Eve of Revolution Pick up your next set of notes at the front of the room
 In pairs, with a neighbor, read your Cahiers de doleances or account
from Arthur Young
 (cahiers de doleances were lists of grievances that were
drafted throughout France while an election for the Estates
General was occurring)
 Write a sentence that summarizes the issues in France at
the eve of Revolution
 Choose one quote from your document that summarizes
one of the most paramount issues
 Be prepared to share with your classmates

3. The Estates
 First Estate – clergy
 Second Estate –
noble families
 Third Estate –
everyone else
 bourgeoisie
 peasant farmers
 **Overwhelming
majority

4. 1st
Estate
 1% of population (conservatives)
 Roman Catholic clergy
 10% of French land
 Wealthy- arch/bishops
 Poor- parish priests
 No direct taxes (2% gift)

5. 2nd
Estate
 2% of population
 Nobility (conservatives)
 20% of French land
 Highest offices (sons of nobles)
 Govt., church, army
 Refuses to pay taxes
 Cause of revolution

6. 3rd
Estate
 98% of population
 Comprised of 3 economically different groups:
 City-dwelling middle class (bourgeoisie)
 Urban lower class
 Peasant farmers

7. Bourgeousie
 Power growing since MA
 Many well-educated
 Enlightenment ideals of liberty and equality
 Some as wealthy as nobles
 Desired social status, political power equal to wealth
 Paid much in taxes

8.  Marie Antoinette
 Vain, unintelligent
 Austrian
 Elitist attitude toward the French
 “Let them eat cake!”

9. Previous Advisors…
 Rene Maupeou
 Chancellor of Louix XV
 Had tried to break
apart parlement
 Exiled parl. To different
parts of the country
 Tried to increase taxes
on nobility
 Reforms halted when
Louis XV dies
 Jacques Turgot
 Louis XVI’s first minister
 Removed restrictions
on grain trade
 Eliminated guilds
 Changed corvee into
money payments
 Wants to tax nobility,
but Louis XVI dismisses
him b/c he wants
noble’s support

10.  Jacques Necker
 Director-General of Finances
 Swiss banker; produced an overly optimistic report
 Without American revolution govt. would have surplus
 Charles Alexander de Calonne
 Minister of Finance – 1786 (he’s more realistic)
 Makes several bold proposals… (wait for it…)

11. Calonne’s Suggestions
 Lower the “gabelle” (tax) on salt
 Convert peasant service to monetary payments
 Create new land tax applied equally to all people
regardless of social status**
**would allow gov’t to
abandon most other indirect
taxes thus…
The need to consult
parlement would be rare!

12. Calonne’s Plan…
 Calonne meets with the Assembly of Notables to
present his plan - 1787
 (members of clergy and aristocracy)
 Surprise!
 Clergy and Aristocracy reject it
 Seek reappointment of Necker
 Claim only the Estates General can approve new taxes
 Why would they be okay with calling up the EG?
 2 to 1 vote…clergy and aristocracy continually dominate!

13.  Louis XVI replaces Calonne with Charles Lomenie de
Brienne (Archbishop of Toulouse)
 Brienne had opposed Calonne at the Assembly of
Notables
 But…when he looks at the books he realizes France is in
really deep trouble
 Recommends Calonne’s plan
 Nobles and Clergy so mad they reduce the “don
gratuit”
 Contribution they usually made to gov’t

14. So…1788
 Local Parlements calling for pre-Richelieu
restoration of privileges
 Urban food shortages from transportation
problems
 Most taxes fall on poorer population (peasants)
 Gov’t bankrupt
 Can we say Versailles? American Rev? Royal
gifts to nobles?
 Conflict between King, Nobility, and Bourgeoisie
for political control
 Peasants want to own land

15. Problems…
 Desire to tax nobles - refused unless Estates General
called
 Had not met since 1614
 Called to Versailles May 1, 1789
 Invitation to revolution
 Representatives show up with their cahiers de doleances
(list of grievances)

16. New
Demands…
 1789 3rd
Estate demands all 3 estates meet together
 Each vote count equally
 610 members in 3rd
Estate
 591 members combined in 1st
and 2nd
Estates
 King sides with nobles- follow old rules

17.  Can you list the 5 stages of Revolution?

18. New
Demands…
 3rd
Estate determined-gain power
Spokesman Abbe Sieyes
June 16, 1789 suggests 3rd
Estate change name to
National Assembly
National Assembly- pass
laws, reform in people’s
name

19. Closed for
painting

20. Tennis Court Oath
•Angered, 3rd
Estate declares
themselves a National Assembly
on June 17, 1789
•They meet on a nearby tennis
court and vow to remain until a
Constitution was established
(by Jacques Louis David)
We vow to remain
until we ratify a
Constitution

21. National
Assembly
 Formed June 20,1789
 Tennis Court Oath
 Cahiers- list of grievances and desired reform
 End to absolute monarchy
 Representative govt.
 1st
deliberate act of revolution

22. Louis’
Reaction…
 Make peace with 3rd
Estate
 All estates meet together
 Swiss mercenaries ordered to Paris
 Did not trust loyalty of French soldiers
 Bourgeoisie fear end to Assembly
 Mobs riot over price of bread

23. Storming of the
Bastille
July 14, 1789
Want gun powder to
defend Paris and National
Assembly

24. No Dice
 Storming of the
Bastille
 July 14, 1789
 peasants sweep
through and
attack nobility and
feudal institutions

25. Long-term
CausesPeople of Paris were
hungry
High unemployment
High prices

27. Storming of the Bastille –
The Big Picture
Significance:
Militarily- Louis gives up use of
troops
Politically- kings power reduced,
National Assembly saved
Symbolic- act of revolution
people ready to fight

28. This time it really is the end…
 Napoleon forced to abdicate again
 Exiled on St. Helena…no more Napoleon

29. The French Revolution drew onThe French Revolution drew on
Enlightenment ideas.Enlightenment ideas.
It was more radical than the AmericanIt was more radical than the American
RevolutionRevolution
Americans retained British law and socialAmericans retained British law and social
heritage, but…heritage, but…
French Revolutionaries sought to replaceFrench Revolutionaries sought to replace
existing society with new institutions andexisting society with new institutions and
overturn the Ancien Regime!overturn the Ancien Regime!
IntroductionIntroduction

30. First Estate - 100,000 Catholic clergyFirst Estate - 100,000 Catholic clergy
((largest landowner in Francelargest landowner in France))
•Second Estate - 400,000 noblesSecond Estate - 400,000 nobles ((heldheld
political rights without paying taxespolitical rights without paying taxes))
•Third Estate - 24 million bourgeoisie,Third Estate - 24 million bourgeoisie,
urban lower class, and peasantsurban lower class, and peasants (the(the
bourgeoisie resented power of nobilitybourgeoisie resented power of nobility))
The Three EstatesThe Three Estates
Louis XVI was a weak monarch whoLouis XVI was a weak monarch who
presided over a feudalistic social systempresided over a feudalistic social system

31. •1780s: a financial crisis develops due to1780s: a financial crisis develops due to
royal spending, war debts, heavy taxation,royal spending, war debts, heavy taxation,
and crop failures.and crop failures.
•Louis’ funding of the AmericanLouis’ funding of the American
Revolution nearly doubled the nationalRevolution nearly doubled the national
debt. He raised taxes.debt. He raised taxes.
•Louis couldn’t raise more taxes fromLouis couldn’t raise more taxes from
peasants so he tried to increase taxes onpeasants so he tried to increase taxes on
the nobility.the nobility.
The nobility forced Louis to call theThe nobility forced Louis to call the
Estates General into session in May 1789.Estates General into session in May 1789.
The Estates GeneralThe Estates General

32. Fearing being out-voted by the other twoFearing being out-voted by the other two
estates, the Third Estate broke away fromestates, the Third Estate broke away from
the Estates General and formed thethe Estates General and formed the
National AssemblyNational Assembly..
•June 1789: Louis tried to lock out theJune 1789: Louis tried to lock out the
Third Estate delegates.Third Estate delegates.
In a nearby tennis court, delegatesIn a nearby tennis court, delegates
pledged to stay until they had drawn up apledged to stay until they had drawn up a
new constitution. Thenew constitution. The Tennis Court Oath.Tennis Court Oath.
The National AssemblyThe National Assembly

33. Louis tried to appease the Third Estate,Louis tried to appease the Third Estate,
but also sent his Swiss Guards into thebut also sent his Swiss Guards into the
streets of Paris.streets of Paris.
Angry crowds sought weapons andAngry crowds sought weapons and
gunpowder to defend Parisgunpowder to defend Paris
They knew they could find these byThey knew they could find these by
storming a royal prison called…storming a royal prison called…
July 14, 1789July 14, 1789

34. The BastilleThe Bastille

35. Conservative backlash 1794-1799: TheConservative backlash 1794-1799: The
Directory, rise of NapoleonDirectory, rise of Napoleon..
Radical Period 1792-1794: Beheadings,Radical Period 1792-1794: Beheadings,
Robespierre, Jacobins.Robespierre, Jacobins.
Phases of the RevolutionPhases of the Revolution
Moderate Period 1789-1791: limited powerModerate Period 1789-1791: limited power
of the Church, land reformof the Church, land reform..

36. August 1789: The National AssemblyAugust 1789: The National Assembly
adopts the Declaration of the Rights ofadopts the Declaration of the Rights of
Man.Man.
It stated the Enlightenment ideals ofIt stated the Enlightenment ideals of
justice and freedom although womenjustice and freedom although women
were excluded.were excluded.
Liberty, Equality, FraternityLiberty, Equality, Fraternity became thebecame the
slogan of the revolution!slogan of the revolution!
Moderate Period 1789-Moderate Period 1789-
17911791
Sept. 1791: new constitution adopted.Sept. 1791: new constitution adopted.

37. Actions of the National Assembly fromActions of the National Assembly from
1789 To 1791 restructured French society1789 To 1791 restructured French society..
Constitutional monarchy formed. LouisConstitutional monarchy formed. Louis
forced to leave Versaillesforced to leave Versailles..
Legislative authority resided in theLegislative authority resided in the
National Assembly.National Assembly.
ReformsReforms
The Catholic Church loses lands andThe Catholic Church loses lands and
political independence (angers peasants).political independence (angers peasants).

38. French nobility began to flee. Louis hadFrench nobility began to flee. Louis had
attempted escape but was caught.attempted escape but was caught.
This drove the French people to supportThis drove the French people to support
the radical revolutionaries.the radical revolutionaries.
Monarchy abolished and France declaredMonarchy abolished and France declared
a republic.a republic.
A new National Convention formed.A new National Convention formed.
Invaded by radicals on May 31, 1793Invaded by radicals on May 31, 1793
Radical Period 1792-1794Radical Period 1792-1794

39. Summer 1792: Austria and Prussia invadeSummer 1792: Austria and Prussia invade
France hoping to restore Louis.France hoping to restore Louis.
Despite initial setbacks, the French holdDespite initial setbacks, the French hold
off the invaders.off the invaders.
Jacobin Club (violent radicals) influencedJacobin Club (violent radicals) influenced
the National Convention to execute Louis.the National Convention to execute Louis.
Louis beheaded by guillotine in JanuaryLouis beheaded by guillotine in January
1793.1793.

40. •Convention power in France deteriorated.Convention power in France deteriorated.
Maximilien Robespierre and the radicalMaximilien Robespierre and the radical
Jacobians in control.Jacobians in control.
““Reign of Terror” used to promoteReign of Terror” used to promote
restructuring of French society.restructuring of French society.
•About 40,000 were executed and 300,000About 40,000 were executed and 300,000
imprisoned.imprisoned.
Extreme measures enacted against theExtreme measures enacted against the
Church.Church.

41. •The French Army had defeated invadersThe French Army had defeated invaders
on the battlefield.on the battlefield.
With victory, French citizens less willingWith victory, French citizens less willing
to accept repression.to accept repression.
Robespeirre blamed for the excesses ofRobespeirre blamed for the excesses of
the regime and executed in 1794. Thethe regime and executed in 1794. The
Reign of Terror was over.Reign of Terror was over.
Conservative backlash 1794-Conservative backlash 1794-
17991799

42. •The Bourgeois emerged as leaders of theThe Bourgeois emerged as leaders of the
country in the reaction againstcountry in the reaction against
Robespeirre.Robespeirre.
1795: A new constitution drafted. It is1795: A new constitution drafted. It is
more moderate and placed power in themore moderate and placed power in the
hands of the upper class.hands of the upper class.
The DirectoryThe Directory: bicameral legislature and a: bicameral legislature and a
five-man executive committee.five-man executive committee.
With France still under attack, theWith France still under attack, the
Directory appoints a young general….Directory appoints a young general….

43. Napoleon Bonaparte!Napoleon Bonaparte!

45. 1. The French Revolution
 The French Revolution
lasted 10 years , from
1789 to 1799. During this
period , France went
from a monarchy ruled
by King Louis XVI to a
republic. This was one of
the bloodiest times in
European history.

46. The different periods of the French Revolution
Constitutional
monarchy
Napoleon
Robespierre
Directory

47. Napoleon’s empire
 The nations that had been
conquered by Napoleon resented
being ruled by France. They did not
like paying taxes to France. One by
one, these nations rebelled,
beginning with Spain. By March
1814, Napoleon had been
defeated and was forced to step
down as the emperor of France

48. Napoleon bonaparte.
 Napoleon Bonaparte was a
French military and political
leader who rose to
prominence during the latter
stages of the French
Revolution and its
associated wars in Europe.
 Visit this link:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IF4lPWU_q

49. The crisis of the bourbon
monarchy
Charles IV became king of Spain just a few
years before the French Revolution
began. Charles IV fought to protect Spain
from the liberal ideas driving the
revolution. In 1795, in a radical change of
politics, the prime minister under Charles IV
, Manuel Godoy , decided to ally with
France, he allowed French troops , led by
Napoleon , to cross Spain.

50.  Napoleon persuaded Charles
IV and Ferdiand VII to hard
the spanish crown over his
brother , Joseph Bonaparte
attempted to introduce the
liberal ideas of French
Revolution into Spain, his
supporters were known as
“afrancesados”.

51. Joseph bonaparte
 He was born onHe was born on
January 7th, 1768,January 7th, 1768,
Joseph BonaparteJoseph Bonaparte
was the older brotherwas the older brother
of wars Napoleon,of wars Napoleon,
emperor of France.emperor of France.
During his brother'sDuring his brother's
reign, Joseph wasreign, Joseph was
made king of Naplesmade king of Naples
and Sicily ,and thenand Sicily ,and then
king of Spain.king of Spain.

52. The war of independence .
Bonapart´s rule led to a
popular revolt in Madrid on
2nd of May in 1808. A series
of anti-French uprisings
throughout Spain followed ,
making the beginning of
the War of Independence.

53. The execution of third of may.

54. Agustina de aragon
Agustina Raimunda
Maria Zaragoza and
Domènech, named
"Agustina de Aragón"
(Barcelona, baptized
March 6, 1786 - Ceuta,
29 May 1857), was an
advocate for the Sites
Zaragoza in the Spanish
War of Independence.

55. Activity: Analyse the painting of the war
independence
 Type of painting.Type of painting.
 TitleTitle
 YearYear
 LocationLocation
 Artistic nameArtistic name
 DescriptionDescription
 TecniqueTecnique
 Read about different theories related toRead about different theories related to
the main figure in this masterpiecethe main figure in this masterpiece

56. REFERENCE LIST
 by tanushseshadri, 1 week ago in Education
 by Polyach, 1 month ago in News & Politics
 by EsSociales, 2 months ago in News & Politics