A slide show from the eleventh class of a course titled Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems, which is part of the Certificate for Global Sustainability at the University of California Los Angeles Extension program.

1. c 2c
Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Cradle to Cradle
Closed Loop Systems
UCLA Extension V5018
March 18, 2010
Kevin Foster O’Donnell
fundamentalist @ threadcollaborative

2. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
All Energy is Sunlight

3. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Ancient Sunlight

4. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Ancient Sunlight

5. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Ancient Sunlight

6. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Ancient Sunlight

7. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Ancient Sunlight

8. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Ancient Sunlight
400 million
years ago
70 million
years in duration

9. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Ancient Sunlight
400 million
years ago
70 million
years in duration

10. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Energy Content
1kg = 23,258 Btu 1kg 41,786 Btu

11. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Global Population
source: United Nations
9 2050 – 9.1 billion
8
7
2006 – 6.5 billion
6
5
Billions
4
3
1945 – 2.3 billion
2
1 1776 – 1 billion
First Modern Humans 1492 – 500 million
0
160,000 100,000 10,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 1 1,000 2,000 2,150
B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D.

12. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
OPEC Oil Embargo
1973

13. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
In 1979, the US energy industry
landscape was dramatically changed.

14. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension

15. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Growth in Fuel Use
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
900 coal
750
600
Growth (billion kWh)
nuclear
450 natural gas
300
150
renewables
0
-150
oil
-300
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03

16. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
U.S. Energy Production
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
54% of American adults think electricity is produced
by a combination of solar, nuclear and hydropower.
(2006 Roper Report)

17. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
U.S. Energy Production
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
54% of American adults think electricity is produced
by a combination of solar, nuclear and hydropower.
(2006 Roper Report)
oil - 2%
hydro - 4% solar/wind - 1%
gas - 18%
coal - 55%
nuclear - 20%

18. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
U.S. Energy Production
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
54% of American adults think electricity is produced
by a combination of solar, nuclear and hydropower.
(2006 Roper Report)
oil - 2%
hydro - 4% solar/wind - 1%
gas - 18% 75%
Fossil Fuels
coal - 55%
nuclear - 20%

19. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
CA Energy Production
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
coal - 2%
solar/wind - 10%
oil - 3%
nuclear - 20%
hydro - 18%
gas - 47%

20. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
CA Energy Production
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
coal - 2%
solar/wind - 10%
oil - 3%
nuclear - 20%
hydro - 18%
52%
Fossil Fuels
gas - 47%

21. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
CA Percent of National Fossil Fuel
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
National Percentage
Coal Gas Oil
1 14 2

22. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
CA Percent of National Renewable Fuel
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
National Percentage
Nuclear Hydro Solar/Wind
4 13 33

23. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Building Energy Consumption
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
How does a typical building use energy?
other - 10%
heating - 29%
equipment - 13%
refrigeration - 3%
cooking - 1%
cooling - 7%
lighting - 22%
ventilation - 11%
water heating - 4%

24. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Building Energy Consumption
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
other - 10%
heating - 29%
equipment - 13%
refrigeration - 3%
69%
cooking - 1%
cooling - 7%
lighting - 22%
ventilation - 11%
water heating - 4%

25. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Energy Consumption per SF
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
60
40 kWh/sf greater
53 than the average
50
40
400% 36
30
27
20
19
Average for all commercial
15 buildings - 13.4 kWh/sf
10 12
8 7
5 4
0
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e
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Fo
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Pu

26. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
U.S. Largest Retailers
source: 2008 Corporate web sites & Hoovers
Retailer Stores Total SF Area in Chain
Wal-Mart 4,091 923,136,390
Home Depot 2,215 287,950,000
The Kroger Company 3,645 144,483,350
Costco Wholesale 513 68,229,000
Target Corporation 1,537 295,202,368
Sears Holdings 3,800 342,000,000
Walgreens Company 5,858 82,012,000
Lowe’s Companies 1,425 165,300,000
CVS Corporation 6,200 71,300,000
Safeway Incorporated 1,755 80,730,000
31,039 2,460,343,108

27. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
2,460,343,108 sf
x 13.4 kWh

28. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
2,460,343,108 sf
x 13.4 kWh
insanity

29. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
32,968,597 mWh

30. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
32,968,597 mWh
Nevada
32,500,630 mWh

31. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Alaska
Delaware
Hawaii
Idaho
Maine
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Mexico
North Dakota
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
West Virginia
Wyoming

32. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
of World Energy 24%
used by U.S.
Buildings
17%

33. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Supply Demand

34. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Energy Conservation Efforts
source: 2008 Energy Efficiency in California Report, California Energy Commission
14,000
12,000
United States 2005 Differences
10,000 = 5,300kWh/yr
= $165/capita
8,000
6,000
California
4,000
2,000
0
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Per Capita Electricity Sales (not including self-generation)
(kWh/person) (2006 to 2008 are forecast data)

35. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Alternative Supply
Existing Geothermal Power Wave/Tidal/Current
Hydropower Power
Existing Nuclear Biomass Batteries/Energy
Power Power Storage

36. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Alternative Supply
Photovoltaic Potential

37. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Guiding Purchasing Decisions

38. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Monitoring Behavior
source: http://www.luciddesigngroup.com/index.php and http://www.flickr.com/photos/its_our_city/2838668732/

39. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Monitoring Behavior
source: http://www.luciddesigngroup.com/index.php and http://www.flickr.com/photos/its_our_city/2838668732/

40. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Building Energy Use Over Time
source: UN Environment Programme - Buildings and Climate Change Report - referenced table by Jones, 1998
Demolition and Recycling
Energy Consumption (MWh/m2)
Operating Energy
15%
Construction
Embodied Energy
10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (years)

41. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Embodied Energy
source: Cole and Kernan
Material Btu/lb. Material Btu/lb.
Baled Straw 6,499 Mineral Wool Insulation 395,365
Stone (local) 21,685 Glass 430,564
Concrete Block 24,388 Fiberglass Insulation 820,524
Concrete 35,199 Steel 866,534
Lumber 67,696 PVC 1,895,615
Brick 67,696 Copper 1,911,832
Gypsum Wallboard 165,185 Paint 2,526,565
Particle Board 216,665 Linoleum 3,141,298
Aluminum (recycled) 219,367 Polystyrene Insulation 3,168,389
Steel (recycled) 240,990 Carpet (synthetic) 4,007,832
Plywood 281,658 Aluminum 6,147,204

42. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Embodied Energy
source: Cole and Kernan
Material Btu/lb. Material Btu/lb.
Baled Straw 6,499 Mineral Wool Insulation 395,365
Stone (local) 21,685 Glass 430,564
Concrete Block 24,388 Fiberglass Insulation 820,524
Concrete 35,199 Steel 866,534
Lumber 67,696 PVC 1,895,615
Brick 67,696 Copper 1,911,832
Gypsum Wallboard 165,185 Paint 2,526,565
Particle Board 216,665 Linoleum 3,141,298
Aluminum (recycled) 219,367 Polystyrene Insulation 3,168,389
Steel (recycled) 240,990 Carpet (synthetic) 4,007,832
Plywood 281,658 Aluminum 6,147,204

43. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Embodied Energy
source: Cole and Kernan:

44. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Embodied Energy
Transportation

45. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Embodied Energy
Transportation
How far does your food travel
to get to the store shelf?

46. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Embodied Energy
Transportation
1500 miles

47. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Embodied Energy
Modes of Transportation
42g/mi.
156g/mi.
243g/mi.
480g/mi.

48. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Raw Materials Closing the Loop
Manufacturing
Packaging & Transport
design cycle material cycle
Use & Maintenance
renewable
Recycle or Waste
reduced
transport local rethought
design construction production transport extraction
t
t
t
maintenance use t recycled reused reclaimed
t
t
t
t
t
source end of life disposal t
t
recycled
repurposed/reused transport
renewable recondition
reduced
rethought incinerate
landfill
locally cultivated

49. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Raw Materials Closing the Loop
Manufacturing
Packaging & Transport
design cycle material cycle
Use & Maintenance
renewable
Recycle or Waste
reduced
transport local rethought
design construction production transport extraction
t
t
t
maintenance use t recycled reused reclaimed
t
t
t
t
t
source end of life disposal t
t
recycled
repurposed/reused transport
renewable recondition
reduced
rethought incinerate
landfill
locally cultivated

50. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Raw Materials Closing the Loop
Manufacturing
Packaging & Transport
design cycle material cycle
Use & Maintenance
Recycle or Waste
transport
design construction production transport extraction
t
maintenance use
t
t
t
source end of life disposal
t
recycled
repurposed/reused transport
renewable landfill
reduced
rethought
incinerate
storage
locally cultivated

51. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Raw Materials Closing the Loop
Manufacturing
Packaging & Transport
design cycle material cycle
Use & Maintenance
renewable
Recycle or Waste
reduced
transport local rethought
design construction production transport extraction
t
t
t
maintenance use t recycled reused reclaimed
t
t
t
t
t
source end of life disposal t
t
recycled
repurposed/reused transport
renewable recondition
reduced
rethought incinerate
landfill
locally cultivated

52. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Raw Materials Closing the Loop
Manufacturing
Packaging & Transport
design cycle material cycle
Use & Maintenance
renewable
Recycle or Waste
reduced
transport local rethought
design construction production transport extraction
t t
t
maintenance use t recycled reused reclaimed
t
t
t
t
t
source end of life disposal t
t
recycled
repurposed/reused transport
renewable recondition
reduced
rethought incinerate
landfill
locally cultivated

53. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
Raw Materials Closing the Loop
Manufacturing
Packaging & Transport
design cycle material cycle
Use & Maintenance
renewable
Recycle or Waste
reduced
local rethought
transport
design construction production transport extraction
t t
t
maintenance use t recycled reused reclaimed
t
t
t
t
t
t
source end of life disposal t
t
recycled
repurposed/reused transport
renewable recondition
reduced
rethought incinerate
landfill
locally cultivated

54. Class 11 V5018 Cradle to Cradle: Closed Loop Systems UCLA Extension
!
questions?
!