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PORT BERTHING FACILITIES & 
INFRASTRUCTURE- SURVEYOR’S 
PRESPECTIVE. 
After attending various surveys for P & I 
Clubs pertaining to Port Assets such as Pier, 
attachments like Fender, Bollard etc Port 
tugs and also alleged touching bottom, 
author shares his experience 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
PORT INFRASTRUCTURE 
• Port infrastructure comprises of following: 
• Berthing facilities 
• Cargo handling equipments 
• Storage facilities 
• Connectivity 
- Road Link 
- Rail Link 
- Air Link 
• Other facilities 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
BERTHING FACILITIES 
• Length of berth 
• Clear Breadth available in the berth 
• Depth of the berth 
• Type of vessel: General cargo vessel, bulk 
carrier, container vessel, tankers 
• Tugs: Types and No. of tugs 
• Cargo to be handled 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
CARGO HANDLING 
• For dry bulk : a)Ship or shore crane to offload on wharf 
by grabs/net slings and thence transport by pay-loaders 
and tippers. b) Through Self-unloading system 
from ship to shore by conveyors c) Cargo to be 
discharged to hoppers/silos and thence by conveyors. 
• For liquid bulk: a) From ship to road tanker lorries b) 
Though permanent shore pipe line connected to shore 
tank terminal 
• For Containers: Gantry Cranes, Tyre mounted 
container stackers, spreaders of different sizes. 
• For General Cargo: Shore Cranes, Floating cranes in 
case of heavy load. 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
STORAGE FACILITIES 
• For dry bulk/General Cargo: Transit sheds, 
covered or uncovered. Facilities available within 
covered warehouse. Safety precautions to 
control fire hazards. Maintenance of 
shed/roof/good house keeping. 
• For liquid bulk: Shore Pipe line maintenance, 
pressure test, pig clearance and associated 
machinery, maintenance of N/R valves at shore 
tank terminal etc. 
• For Container: Adequate foundationed /Paved 
floor depending no. of max. tiers to be stacked. 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
CONNECTIVITY 
• Road link: well laid dock roads for smooth flow of 
trailers and lorries. With 2 nos. Container 
Terminals, but only with one gate , congestions is 
a perennial problem. You may guess which port I 
am talking about 
• Rail link: Proper lay out of railways sidings inside 
Port for smooth clearance of bulk 
cargo/containers to ICD. 
• Air Link: This is must for emergency parts 
required for a ship or any technician to attend to 
ship or port. 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
OTHER FACILITIES 
By other facilities, we mean the following: 
• Ship repair facilities. 
• Dry-dock facilities 
• Fresh Water supply facilities 
• Bunker supply facilities 
• Supply of Provisions, spare parts etc. 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
INADEQUATE OR POOR MAINTENCE 
OF INFRASTRUCTURE 
• I have briefly discussed basic infrastructure 
and berthing facilities that are required in a 
Port. 
• Let us see in the following slides, how the 
inadequate infrastructure or poor 
maintenance of port/pier attachments result 
in claims to Ship Owners 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
FENDERS 
• These fenders are installed at Pier/berth, to 
prevent vessel’s direct contact with berth and 
to prevent impact/chaffing damages both to 
ship and berth. 
• If the fenders are not properly maintained, 
naturally there will be damages to ship and 
berth. 
• In the following slides you may see some 
images: 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
FENDERS 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
FENDERS 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
FENDERS 
• In the first image, Fender main portion cut and missing 
and only top and bottom rubber portion and 
nuts/bolts available. 
• In the second image , Fender completely missing and 
instead used rubber tyres are found tied and hanging. 
• This kind of poor maintenance of fenders not only 
result in damage to ship and also damage to kerb wall 
of jetty. Any amount of protest letter by Master, will be 
of little effect and huge claims have to be paid, failing 
which sailing/port clearance is held up 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
DEPTH OF BERTH 
• After coal is moved to Ennore, this menace is 
somewhat reduced. 
• Spillage of cargo during discharge fall in dock 
basin, so that they form a mountain-like below 
water and hence vessel is not coming properly 
alongside. Periodical dredging of port will ease 
this problem. 
• When ever vessel loading in such berths, Master 
will be panicky as if his vessel touched bottom. 
• He has to notify Charterer/Owner’s H & M 
Insurer for any damage to hull. 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
ALLEGED TOUCHING BOTTOM 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
U/W DIVING 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
CONSEQUENCES 
• Underwater diving and videography of 
underwater hull for damages, if any. 
• Temporary repairs, if required. 
• Unnecessary hold up of vessel and loss of 
productivity. 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
CASE STUDY 
• A Gearless vessel berthed in A Private Port for 
discharging import coal. 
• Stevedoring done by port using shore crane 
and grabs. 
• Vessel completed discharge. 
• Whilst removing pay-loader from one of the 
holds, wire rope parted and pay-loader fell 
into the hold and holed tank top. 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
CASE STUDY (Contd.) 
• Unfortunately, DB Tank in the concerned hold 
was a fuel tank. 
• Joint Survey was held between Owner’s P & I 
Surveyor, Charterer’s P & I Surveyor, Port 
Surveyor and Owner’s H & M Surveyor. 
• Class Surveyor was also called by Owners who 
recommended to repair of the hole in tank top, 
prior to sailing. 
• With great resistance Port accepted Damage 
Report from vessel. 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
CASE STUDY (Contd.) 
• Port shifted the vessel to anchorage and permitted 
repair only in the anchorage. 
• Since there are no repairs facilities available locally in 
that Private Port , repair company was arranged from 
another port town which is about 200 Kms away. 
• Being a Gearless vessel, vessel had to come alongside 
once for taking steel plates, repair gear etc. and went 
back to anchorage. 
• As the DB tank is a fuel tank, they have to thoroughly 
clean the tank and make it gas free to do hot work. 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
CASE STUDY (Contd.) 
• Entire cleaning of DB Tank, making it gas free, 
inspection of tank by competent authority to 
certify fit for man entry and hot work, 
cropping of tank top plates, welding of plates, 
Ultrasonic Test, pressure test all done in the 
anchorage. 
• Repair was arranged by Charterers. 
• It took 34 days for vessel becoming ready. 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
CASE STUDY (Contd.) 
• Claim: 
• Cost of Repairs : USD 35000/- + 
• Loss of Hire suffered by Owners. 
• Cause of damage: Poor maintenance of Cargo 
Handling Gear by Port. 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
CONCLUSION 
• I have briefly outlined how inadequate Port 
Infrastructure, berthing facilities and poor 
maintenance affect Ship Owners and 
Productivity . 
• Hope my presentation is informative. 
• Comments welcome to: 
sridharan1941@hotmail.com 
PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng 
FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA

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Port berthing facilities & infrastructure surveyor’s prespective

  • 1. PORT BERTHING FACILITIES & INFRASTRUCTURE- SURVEYOR’S PRESPECTIVE. After attending various surveys for P & I Clubs pertaining to Port Assets such as Pier, attachments like Fender, Bollard etc Port tugs and also alleged touching bottom, author shares his experience PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 2. PORT INFRASTRUCTURE • Port infrastructure comprises of following: • Berthing facilities • Cargo handling equipments • Storage facilities • Connectivity - Road Link - Rail Link - Air Link • Other facilities PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 3. BERTHING FACILITIES • Length of berth • Clear Breadth available in the berth • Depth of the berth • Type of vessel: General cargo vessel, bulk carrier, container vessel, tankers • Tugs: Types and No. of tugs • Cargo to be handled PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 4. CARGO HANDLING • For dry bulk : a)Ship or shore crane to offload on wharf by grabs/net slings and thence transport by pay-loaders and tippers. b) Through Self-unloading system from ship to shore by conveyors c) Cargo to be discharged to hoppers/silos and thence by conveyors. • For liquid bulk: a) From ship to road tanker lorries b) Though permanent shore pipe line connected to shore tank terminal • For Containers: Gantry Cranes, Tyre mounted container stackers, spreaders of different sizes. • For General Cargo: Shore Cranes, Floating cranes in case of heavy load. PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 5. STORAGE FACILITIES • For dry bulk/General Cargo: Transit sheds, covered or uncovered. Facilities available within covered warehouse. Safety precautions to control fire hazards. Maintenance of shed/roof/good house keeping. • For liquid bulk: Shore Pipe line maintenance, pressure test, pig clearance and associated machinery, maintenance of N/R valves at shore tank terminal etc. • For Container: Adequate foundationed /Paved floor depending no. of max. tiers to be stacked. PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 6. CONNECTIVITY • Road link: well laid dock roads for smooth flow of trailers and lorries. With 2 nos. Container Terminals, but only with one gate , congestions is a perennial problem. You may guess which port I am talking about • Rail link: Proper lay out of railways sidings inside Port for smooth clearance of bulk cargo/containers to ICD. • Air Link: This is must for emergency parts required for a ship or any technician to attend to ship or port. PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 7. OTHER FACILITIES By other facilities, we mean the following: • Ship repair facilities. • Dry-dock facilities • Fresh Water supply facilities • Bunker supply facilities • Supply of Provisions, spare parts etc. PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 8. INADEQUATE OR POOR MAINTENCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE • I have briefly discussed basic infrastructure and berthing facilities that are required in a Port. • Let us see in the following slides, how the inadequate infrastructure or poor maintenance of port/pier attachments result in claims to Ship Owners PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 9. FENDERS • These fenders are installed at Pier/berth, to prevent vessel’s direct contact with berth and to prevent impact/chaffing damages both to ship and berth. • If the fenders are not properly maintained, naturally there will be damages to ship and berth. • In the following slides you may see some images: PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 10. FENDERS PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 11. FENDERS PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 12. FENDERS • In the first image, Fender main portion cut and missing and only top and bottom rubber portion and nuts/bolts available. • In the second image , Fender completely missing and instead used rubber tyres are found tied and hanging. • This kind of poor maintenance of fenders not only result in damage to ship and also damage to kerb wall of jetty. Any amount of protest letter by Master, will be of little effect and huge claims have to be paid, failing which sailing/port clearance is held up PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 13. DEPTH OF BERTH • After coal is moved to Ennore, this menace is somewhat reduced. • Spillage of cargo during discharge fall in dock basin, so that they form a mountain-like below water and hence vessel is not coming properly alongside. Periodical dredging of port will ease this problem. • When ever vessel loading in such berths, Master will be panicky as if his vessel touched bottom. • He has to notify Charterer/Owner’s H & M Insurer for any damage to hull. PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 14. ALLEGED TOUCHING BOTTOM PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 15. U/W DIVING PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 16. CONSEQUENCES • Underwater diving and videography of underwater hull for damages, if any. • Temporary repairs, if required. • Unnecessary hold up of vessel and loss of productivity. PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 17. CASE STUDY • A Gearless vessel berthed in A Private Port for discharging import coal. • Stevedoring done by port using shore crane and grabs. • Vessel completed discharge. • Whilst removing pay-loader from one of the holds, wire rope parted and pay-loader fell into the hold and holed tank top. PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 18. CASE STUDY (Contd.) • Unfortunately, DB Tank in the concerned hold was a fuel tank. • Joint Survey was held between Owner’s P & I Surveyor, Charterer’s P & I Surveyor, Port Surveyor and Owner’s H & M Surveyor. • Class Surveyor was also called by Owners who recommended to repair of the hole in tank top, prior to sailing. • With great resistance Port accepted Damage Report from vessel. PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 19. CASE STUDY (Contd.) • Port shifted the vessel to anchorage and permitted repair only in the anchorage. • Since there are no repairs facilities available locally in that Private Port , repair company was arranged from another port town which is about 200 Kms away. • Being a Gearless vessel, vessel had to come alongside once for taking steel plates, repair gear etc. and went back to anchorage. • As the DB tank is a fuel tank, they have to thoroughly clean the tank and make it gas free to do hot work. PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 20. CASE STUDY (Contd.) • Entire cleaning of DB Tank, making it gas free, inspection of tank by competent authority to certify fit for man entry and hot work, cropping of tank top plates, welding of plates, Ultrasonic Test, pressure test all done in the anchorage. • Repair was arranged by Charterers. • It took 34 days for vessel becoming ready. PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 21. CASE STUDY (Contd.) • Claim: • Cost of Repairs : USD 35000/- + • Loss of Hire suffered by Owners. • Cause of damage: Poor maintenance of Cargo Handling Gear by Port. PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA
  • 22. CONCLUSION • I have briefly outlined how inadequate Port Infrastructure, berthing facilities and poor maintenance affect Ship Owners and Productivity . • Hope my presentation is informative. • Comments welcome to: sridharan1941@hotmail.com PRESENTED BY ER. P.SRIDHARAN C.Eng FIMAR E. MIIMS (U.K) FIIISLA

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Fender is missing
  2. Original fender missing and a makeshift arrangement