Population and its relation yo social science

1. SUBMITTED BY-
APARNA
ROLL NO 22219
Sohan Lal D.A.V. College
Ppt on: POPULATION
Submitted to –
Prof. Pawan Bhatia

2. Meaning of population
● Population, in human biology, the whole number of inhabitants
occupying an area (such as a country or the world) and continually being
modified by increases (births and immigrations) and losses (deaths and
emigrations). As with any biological population, the size of a human
population is limited by the supply of food, the effect of diseases, and
other environmental factors. Human populations are further affected by
social customs governing reproduction and by the technological
developments especially in medicine and public health, that have
reduced mortality and extended the life span.

3. Causes of population explosion
● Accelerating birth rate :
Due to lack of awareness about the positive impact to
using birth control method, there has been a steady
growth in birth rate.
● Decrease in infant mortality rate :
Improvement science and technology for the wide
usage of drugs has reduced the infant rate.

4. Causes of population explosion
● Increase In life expectancy :
Due to improved living conditions better hygiene and
sanitation habits, better nutrition, health education etc the
average life expectancy of human population has improved
significantly.
● Increased immigration :
It happens when a large number arrive at an already
populated place with intention to reside permanently.

7. How population explosion affect the
environment
More population means more mouths to eat food which requires more
agricultural production. More cultivable land has been available by
clearing forests and by reclining wetlands and ponds.
Advanced agriculture requires utilisation of more water, more fertilizers
and more pesticides. And it demands more space to construct houses and
availability of more consumer goods.
It also requires more means of transport, more consumption of fossil fuels
and more pollution of land air and water their growth of population leads
to pollution of land, water and air.

8. Effects of
population
explosion on
environment

9. Effects of population
explosion on
environment
Generation of waste :
Due to his destructive activities, man has
dumped more and more waste in environment.
As the man-made waste is not transformed, it
causes degradation and the capacity of
environment to absorb more waste is reduced.
Further, waste leads to air and water pollution.

10. Effects of population
explosion on
environment
Air pollution :
As the pollution grows, more and more forest
are cleared. The two most common reason for
deforestations are to make houses for
increased number of people to live in, and to
use wood us a full in the industries. As a result
the trees that help us in reducing the air
pollution through the process of photosynthesis
are not able to do so any more.

11. Effects of population
explosion on
environment
Water pollution :
Water is considered the essence of life. The
increasing population calls for the increasing
number of factories. These factories lead to
various kinds of pollution, including water
pollution. Also India being an agrarian country,
the water pollution also comes from pesticides
used for agriculture.

12. Effects of population
explosion on
environment
Deforestation :
Forest have moderate influence against floods and
thus they protect as from soil erosion. Forest also
play an important role in enhancing the quality of
environment by influencing the ecological balance
and life support system continuing deforestation
has brought major ecological and socio-economic
crisis.

13. Effects of population
explosion on
environment Depletion of ozone layer :
The ozone layer has been gradually ruined by the
effect of CFCs. Other chemicals, such as bromine
halocarbons, nitrogen oxides and methane may
also attack the ozone layer. The concentration of
CFCs has been increased as the human population
has grown, and the thickness of ozone layer has
been lesser to the extent that a hole has been
formed. Antarctica was an early victim.

14. Effects of population
explosion on
environment
Land/Soil degradation :
The demand for food, energy band other human
requirements depends upon the preservation and
improvement of the productivity of land. Intensive
farming and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides
have led to over exploitation of land and water
resources. These have led to land degradation in the
form of soil erosion, water lagging and salination.

15. Effects of population
explosion on
environment
Industrialization :
Underdeveloped countries are following the
policy of heavy industrialization which is causing
environmental degradation. The establishment of
such industries as fertilizers, iron and steel,
chemicals and refineries have led to land, air and
water pollution.

16. Effects of population
explosion on
environment
Urbanisation :
Rapid growth of population has led to
Urbanisation which has adversely affected
environment. Due to population pressure,
natural resources in the cities all depleted at
a fast rate due to population pressure.

17. Effects of population
explosion on
environment
Transport development :
The automobiles release huge quantities of
poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide,
nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. The
development of ports and harbors have led to oil
spills from ships adversely affected fisheries, coral
reefs, mangroves and landscapes.

18. Effects of population
explosion on
environment
Climatic change :
Climatic changes are irregular due to green
houses gases. Urban people are still being
exposed to unaccepted levels of toxic
Pollutants . Further forests are still being
degraded by acid deposition generated by
faraway industries and green houses gases
continue to accumulate in the atmosphere.

20. Measures to control
population explosion
Social

21. Minimum age of marriage :
As fertility depends on the age of marriage. So the
minimum age of marriage should be raised. In India
minimum age for marriage is 21 years for men and 18
years for women has be fixed by law. This law should
be firmly implemented and people should also be
made aware of this through publicity.
Social
Measures to control
population explosion

22. Measures to control
population explosion
Raising the Status of
Women:
There is still discrimination to the women. They
are confined to four walls of house. They are still
confined to rearing and bearing of children. So
women should be given opportunities to develop
socially and economically. Free education should
be given to them.
Social

23. Measures to control
population explosion Spread of
Education:
The spread of education changes the
outlook of people. The educated men prefer
to delay marriage and adopt small family
norms. Educated women are health conscious
and avoid frequent pregnancies and thus help
in lowering birth rate.
Social

24. Measures to control
population
explosion
Adoption:
Some parents do not have any child, despite
costly medical treatment. It is advisable that they
should adopt orphan children. It will be beneficial
to orphan children and children couples.
Social

25. Measures to control
population explosion
Change in Social
Outlook:
Social outlook of the people should undergo a
change. Marriage should no longer be considered
a social binding. Issueless women should not be
looked down upon.
Social

26. Measures to control
population explosion
Social Security:
More and more people should be covered under-
social security schemes. So that they do not
depend upon others in the event of old age,
sickness, unemployment etc. with these facilities
they will have no desire for more children.
Social

27. Measures to control
population explosion
Economic
measures

28. Measures to control
population explosion More employment
opportunities:
The first and foremost measure is to raise, the
employment avenues in rural as well as urban
areas. Generally in rural areas there is disguised
unemployment. So efforts should be made to
migrate unemployed persons from rural side to
urban side. This step can check the population
growth.
Economic
measures

29. Measures to control
population
explosion
Development of
Agriculture and
Industry :
If agriculture and industry are properly
developed, large number of people will get
employment. When their income is increased
they would improve their standard of living and
adopt small family norms.
Economic
measures

30. Measures to control
population
explosion Standard of Living:
Improved standard of living acts as a deterrent to
large family norm. In order to maintain their
higher standard of living people prefer to have a
small family. According to A.K. Das Gupta those
who earn less than Rs. 100 per month have on the
average a reproduction rate of 3.4 children and
those who earn more than Rs. 300 per month have
a reproduction rate of 2.8 children
Economic
measures

31. Measures to control
population explosion
Urbanisation:
It is on record that people in urban areas have
low birth rate than those living in rural areas.
Urbanisation should therefore be encouraged.
Economics
measures

32. Measures to
control
population
explosion
Other
measures

33. Measures to control
population explosion
Late Marriage:
As far as possible, marriage should be
solemnized at the age of 30 years. This will
reduce the period of reproduction among the
females bringing down the birth rate. The govt.
has fixed the minimum marriage age at 21 yrs.
For males and 18 yrs. For females.
Other
measures

34. Measures to control
population explosion
Self Control:
According to some experts, self control is one of
the powerful methods to control the population.
It is an ideal and healthy approach and people
should be provided to follow. It helps in reducing
birth rate.
Other
measures

35. Measures to control
population explosion Family Planning:
This method implies family by choice and not
by chance. By applying preventive measures,
people can regulate birth rate. This method is
being used extensively; success of this method
depends on the availability of cheap
contraceptive devices for birth control.
According to Chandrashekhar, “Hurry for the
first child, Delay the second child and avoid
the third.”
Other
measures

36. Measures to control
population
explosion Recreational
Facilities:
Birth rate will likely to fall if there are different
recreational facilities like cinema; theatre, sports
and dance etc. are available to the people.
Other
measures

37. Measures to control
population explosion
Publicity:
The communication media like T.V., radio and
newspaper are the good means to propagate the
benefits of the planned family to the uneducated
and illiterate persons especially in the rural and
backward areas of country.
Other
measures

38. Measures to control
population
explosion
Incentives:
The govt. can give various types of incentives to
the people to adopt birth control measures.
Monetary incentives and other facilities like
leave and promotion can be extended to the
working class which adopts small family norms.
Other
measures

39. Measures to control
population
explosion Employment to
Woman:
Another method to check the population is to
provide employment to women. Women should be
given incentive to give services in different fields.
Women are taking active part in competitive
examinations. As a result their number in
teaching, medical and banking etc. is increasing
rapidly. In brief by taking, all there measures we
can control the growth of population.
Other
measures

40. Thank you