renewable energy

1. BIG
WITH
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
PROBLEMS

3. COP21
To tackle climate change and its negative
impacts, world leaders at the UN Climate
Change Conference (COP21) in Paris
reached a breakthrough on 12 December
2015
The Agreement is a legally binding
international treaty. It entered into force
on 4 November 2016. Today, 194 Parties
(193 States plus the European Union)
have joined the Paris Agreement.
ACT NOW

4. WHETHER RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION IS EASY?

6. HIGH INITIAL COST OF INSTALLATION
LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE
POWER STORAGE
NON RENEWABLE ENERGY MONOPOLY
LACK OF POLICIES,SUBSIDIES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
IF NOT IS THE ANSWER, WHAT
WOULD BE THE REASONS?

7. HIGH INITIAL COST OF INSTALLATION
WIND ENERGY:
since no one can charge money for the wind, wind-generated electricity is free. This is not true
A modern wind turbine, which can generate 2 megawatts of
electricity (MWe) when the wind is blowing, costs about $3.5
million installed.
Five hundred of these turbines installed at a wind farm, to be
able to generate 1000 MWe, would cost $1.75 billion
30% * 20% = 6%, only this much energy generated is utilised in
grids.
Transmission cost: 12 000-MW high voltage transmission line
connecting wind sources in New England would cost $19
billion-$25 billion

8. Solar Panel
Solar Inverter
Solar Battery
Panel Stand, and
Solar Panel Installation Accessories
Solar Energy System consists of 4 main
components that decide the working of a solar
energy system.
SOLAR ENERGY:
The average cost to install solar panels in the
U.S. is $20,650 after federal tax incentives,
according to EnergySage.
In INDIA, average cost of solar panels per 1kw
is 44,000.

9. HYDROPOWER:
According to the
International Renewable
Energy Agency (IRENA), it
costs about $1-2 million per
megawatt (MW). This means
that if you want to install 100
MW capacity, you will have to
spend about $100
million-$200 million or more
depending on where you are
located and other factors
such as availability of land
and labour force etc..

10. MONOPOLY
A market structure characterized by a single
seller, selling a unique product in the market. In
a monopoly market, the seller faces no
competition, as he is the sole seller of goods
with no close substitute.
Characteristics associated with a monopoly
market make the single seller the market
controller as well as the price maker. He enjoys
the power of setting the price for his goods.

11. LACK OF POLICIES:
Corporate lobbying, political pressure, and inherent dependence
on fossil fuels remain as challenges in shifting to the renewable
energy industry from the age-old fossil fuel industry.
The dangers of climate change have started affecting human lives
to a great extent. Above all, the adoption of renewable energy is the
only way out. With various government incentives and subsidies,
the cost of renewable energy has dropped dramatically. Now there
is not much difference between them and fossil fuels price per
kWh. Certainly, this has helped it capture a place in the energy
market.

12. INFRASTRUCTURE
RENEWABLE ENERGY WILL NEED TO MAKE UP THE MAJORITY OF GLOBAL
ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY 2050—AS MUCH AS 90%, ACCORDING TO THE
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY—FOR THE WORLD TO ACHIEVE NET-ZERO
EMISSIONS BY THEN.
GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM VRE SOURCES—SUCH AS SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS AND ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES—IS
DIFFERENT FROM PRODUCING POWER USING CONVENTIONAL GENERATORS.
RESOURCE ADEQUACY
NETWORK ADEQUACY
FREQUENCY STABILITY
VOLTAGE STABILITY
ELECTRICITY SYSTEM OPERATORS AND DESIGNERS THAT ARE INTEGRATING
VRE SOURCES AT SCALE, THESE CHARACTERISTICS LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT
CHALLENGES IN FOUR AREAS:

13. The selection of a
energy
production site
selecting the
appropriate plant
design
acquiring all of
the materials
needed for
production and
fabrication
manufacturing
each component
sizeable
components to
installation sites
installing energy
producing
components
connecting the
power production
plant to the
appropriate
electrical grid
maintaining each
component
throughout the
lifetime

14. You’ll need more solar panels to collect more
sunlight if you want to generate more
electricity. Solar panels have a low power
density when compared to fossil sources. For
equivalent amounts of energy generation, a
bigger area for solar panels is required
USES A LOT OF SPACE
INTERMITTENT ENERGY SOURCE
Another disadvantage of solar energy is that it is an
intermittent energy source. The sun does not shine at
night. As a result, the solar panels are unable to generate
electricity. The sun’s strength changes depending on your
location, the time of day, and even the season. Snow,
clouds, and vegetation cover all have an impact on the
quantity of energy produced.

15. WEATHER CONDITIONS
SOLAR - Solar farms of any kind are
vulnerable to high winds, hail, tornadoes,
storms, hurricanes, and sand storms
scouring the mirrors. Large amounts of
water are needed to rinse off the mirrors
WIND - One of the major factors affecting turbine
siting, availability to generate, and overall
efficiency is bad weather — whether it’s a
hurricane hitting an offshore wind farm or a
severe storm causing blackouts. Just as solar
energy production is challenged by cloudy days,
wind energy production can struggle to deal with
the massive storms that ravage coastlines

16. TRANSMISSION AND STORAGE SYSTEM

17. Transmission networks has to be
designed to ensure a high level
of reliability and safety to get
supply to the low voltage
distribution networks
Electricity transmission also directly supplies
large industrial customers such as mines and
paper mills. Any outage or failure on the
transmission network can affect a lot of
people over a large area, both within and
potentially across states.

18. Motivated by a challenge from the Department of Energy to drastically reduce
the cost of storing renewable energy on the grid while capturing more of it, a
group of Massachusetts Institute of Technology scientists has developed a
battery powered by sulfur, air, water, and salt -- all readily available materials --
that is nearly 100 times less expensive to produce than batteries currently on
the market and can store twice as much energy as a lead-acid battery.

19. TO REPLACE JUST ONE YEAR OF WORLD OIL USE (1 CUBIC MILE) YOU’D NEED TO MINE,
FABRICATE, DELIVER, AND BUILD
comparison by energyskeptic

20. What is the ultimate
solution ?

21. 40 to 50% of Germany's
energy comes from
renewable sources
such as wind, solar and
hydro

22. WIND ENERGY
Production of wind turbine on the
other hand produce a huge amount of
CO2 emission .
But once it is set and starts running, it
pays off its CO2 debt within 5 months.
Low carbon footprint is just about the
only benefit of windmills

23. Hundreds of thousands of birds are
killed by wind turbines every year of
those are rare species of large birds
like eagles.
A survey report says that over a million
bats are killed each year by turbine
wind blabes

24. SOLAR ENERGY
Solar has its own unique issues, mainly
toxic waste.
Well made solar panels have a lifespan
of 20 to 25 years.
But with their huge growing popularity
cheaply made chinese solar panels are
flooding the market.
These can break down in about 5 years

25. Energy can be made only when the sun
shines or the wind blows.
Even the most efficient wind and solar
farms work optimally 30% of the time
But they always produce energy for
75% of the time event if its only a little
amount.
So we will be dependent on another
sustainable energy source to cover
renewable's downtimes.
The unescapable issue

26. Perhaps in the future battery technology will reach
a point where it becomes feasible to store excess
power from renewable sources .
But currently there is no battery array that can hold
a fraction of power needed to sustain a city for a
few minutes.
The current largest array built by Tesla in Australia is
a 100 mega watt array that can sustain 30000
homes for an hour.
The battery array may be a solution....!!!

27. Can Nuclear energy be an alternative..??
Fossil and nuclear power plant both work on the similar
frame work.
Extremely large sized turbines which usually weigh a 100
tonne are used in these systems.
Nuclear plant produces energy 24/7 365 days a year.
They are shut down once every two year to refuel.
What if they shut down suddenly..??

28. LAND USAGE
To build huge arrays of wind turbines and solar panels an area
of over 5000 square metres is to be wiped off its natural
vegetation.
To power a country such as United Kingdom using exclusively
wind and solar energy it is estimated that 25% of the country's
land surface need to be cleared.
Wind farms only return 2.5 Watts per square metre .
Nuclear plant produces 1000 Watts per square metre.
What about wind farms in sea's...??

29. HUMAN LIFE
COAL : 100,000 deaths per petawatt hour
OIL : 36,000 deaths per petawatt hour
BIOMASS : 24,000 deaths per petawatt hour
NATURAL GAS : 4000 deaths per petawatt hour
NON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
HYDRO : 1400 deaths per petawatt hour
SOLAR : 140 deaths per petawatt hour
WIND : 150 deaths per petawatt hour
NUCLEAR : 90 deaths per petawatt hour(This includes
Chernobyl, Fukushima and Three mile island)

30. Germany Vs France
Germany has heavily invested into renewable energy sources
and decommissioned 17 of their nuclear reactors. And the
upcoming government has pledged to remove all of the
remaining nuclear reactors.
Today only 6% of Germany's energy comes from nuclear power
plants.
On the other hand France has invested heavily in nuclear
power plants.
They currenty have 58 active reactors and they contribute to
around 80% of France's energy.

32. Germany's energy cost is the second
highest of entire Europe.
Germany's energy cost have
increased after their big push
towards renewables.
France : 0.1799 Euro per kWh
Germany : 0.3 Euro per kWh
Energy Cost

33. What if nuclear energy can be improved??
In 1950 Indian physicist Homi Bhabha postulated that perhaps
another fuel from the typical Uranium 235 and Plutonium 239
can be used for nuclear fission. Yes it is Thorium.
Thorium is a naturally occuring radioactive element that is 4
times as abundant as Uranium on earth
After WW2 a reactor was designed that used thorium as fuel. It
was named Molten salt reactor.
It successfully generated electricity between 1965 and 1969.
But the US government decided that the future of nuclear
energy was in uranium and not in thorium.
But why.....????

34. THORIUM >>> URANIUM
Thorium reactors produce much less nuclear waste.
One chinese scientist claims that there will be 1000
times less waste than Uranium reactors.
Natural thorium can be used directly as fuel and
does not require any processing.
Another Thorium reactor known as Liquid Fluoride
Thorium Reactor has a unique design that its
proponents claim meltdown proof.

36. THANK YOU