This is a brief introduction about the counterparts of the Central Processing Unit (CPU).

1. Inside the CPU
By: Themassmaker

2. Contents
• What is microprocessor?
• How does a microprocessor work?
• Different types of processors.
• Other things inside the CPU.
• Supplements of the CPU. (2 slides)

3. What is a microprocessor?
• A microprocessor is an electronic component that is
used by a computer to do its work(switching on and
off really fast).
• They are small silicon chips that contains millions of
very small components including transistors,
resistors, and diodes that work together.
• Microprocessors help to do everything from writing
to searching the Web.

4. How does a microprocessor work?
• Microprocessors use three steps commonly -
Fetch, Decode, and Execute.
In the Fetch step, an instruction is copied
from the memory of the computer into the
microprocessor.
In the Decode step, the microprocessor figures
out what operation the instruction is meant to do.
In the Execute step, this operation is
performed. Now lets have a look at different processors.

5. Different types of processors
Based on BIT OF OPERATION Based on INSTRUCTION SET
• ==> 4 bit. e.g. Intel 4004 • ==> RISC — Reduced
• ==> 8 bit. e.g. Intel 8088, Instruction Set Computing.
Zilog Z80, Z180 These types of processors
are commonly used in
• ==> 16 bit. e.g. Intel 8086,
ovens, air conditioners, etc.
80186, 80286, 80386
• ==> CISC — Complex
• ==> 32 bit. e.g. Intel Instruction Set Computing.
Pentium, Celeron, AMD The types of processors are
Sempron used in desktops, laptops
• ==> 64 bit. e.g. AMD Athlon. and servers.

6. Other things inside the CPU
• Heat sink
• Heat sink fan
• Motherboard
• Chipsets
• Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
• CD-ROM Drive
• CD-ROM DVD Drive
• Real Time clock
• Basic Input Output System (BIOS)

7. Supplements of the CPU
• Heat Sink – The microprocessor gets heated when it
processes data. The heat sink is a heat conductive metal
which conducts the heat created by the microprocessor. Thus
keeping it cool.
• Heat Sink Fan – It is a fan which is placed above the heat
sink material which also helps in cooling by blowing air into
it.
• Motherboard - The motherboard or mainboard is the main
circuit board in a complex electronic system, like a computer.
It is the most 'central' part of a computer. All of the different
parts of the computer are connected to the motherboard. This
lets them work together.

8. Supplements of the CPU
• Chipsets – It is a small processor situated in the motherboard
and helps in the starting of the computer.
• Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) – It regulates the
voltage in different parts of the CPU.
• CD-ROM Drive – Acronym for ‘Compact Disk Read-only
Memory.’ It helps with reading the Compact disk by
converting it into binary data.
• Real time clock – It is a clock which keeps track of time. It is
in the motherboard which will work 24/7. The current is
supplied by a 1.5 V battery present in the Motherboard.

9. Supplements of the CPU
• CMOS – Acronym for ‘Complementary Metal-oxide
semiconductor.’ The circuit will contain a real time clock .
• Keyboard Port – It is a 6-pin port for connecting the
keyboard. Although nowadays we use the USB port for
connecting the keyboard and the CPU.
• Video card – Also called the Graphics Card, it is an extention
connected to the motherboard which allows video output
and/or enhances the gaming experience(graphics).
• Sound Card – The sound card is an another extension
attached to the motherboard which facilitates input and output
of audio signals. It contains slots for speaker and mic.

10. Supplements of the CPU
• Hard Disk Drive (HDD) – It’s a hardware inside the CPU
which stores information using a magnetic disc. Normally hard
disks are measured in Gigabytes or Terabytes. It stores all the
user’s information as well as the operating system.
• Floppy Drive – It’s a type of reader which can take
information out of a floppy disk. It was later replaced by CD
Drives.
• Modem – MOdulator DEModulator is a hardware which is
used to communicate between two computers.
• Case – The case is he outer covering which encloses all the
components of the Central Processing Unit (CPU).