The project studied accountability regimes in Brazil and Mozambique's health systems to understand how to strengthen accountability and deliver better healthcare for poor and marginalized groups. Case studies in Sao Paulo and Alto Rio Negro, Brazil and Maputo, Zambezia Province in Mozambique explored the political and institutional conditions under which accountability regimes are most effective in reducing health inequities. The project engaged experts and policymakers to share learning on upholding commitments to universal healthcare made over 30 years ago in both countries, and the ongoing challenges of operationalizing inclusive health systems.