1) Open gangway subway cars connect cars together like an accordion, allowing passengers to move freely between cars. This increases capacity and circulation compared to traditional cars connected by doors. 2) While open gangway cars were briefly tested in New York City in the 1920s-1960s, most trains today are 40+ years old. However, Hawaii and New York City plan to introduce new open gangway cars starting in 2018 and 2020 respectively to address congestion issues. 3) Proponents argue open gangway cars provide more space, are more energy efficient, and safer by preventing isolation, while critics note it may be difficult to locate sick passengers who could now be in any car. Whether these cars catch