1. Intermodality andIntermodality and
Inland WaterwaysInland Waterways
George Patris,George Patris,
Secretariat of Corridor VIISecretariat of Corridor VII
Multimodal Transport and Trade FacilitationMultimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004Southeast European Forum 2004
Alexandroupolis, GreeceAlexandroupolis, Greece
December 6 - 7, 2004December 6 - 7, 2004
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
2. IntermodalityIntermodality
Intermodality: What is it?Intermodality: What is it?
“Intermodality is a characteristic of a transport
system that allows at least two different modes to be
used in an integrated manner in a door-to-door
transport chain.”
European Commission, DG VII, COM/97/243, 1997
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
3. IntermodalityIntermodality
Why Intermodal?Why Intermodal?
Market integration has not been accomplished harmoniously
– Growing imbalance between modes of transport
– Increasing congestion and environmental pollution
– Enlargement and sustainable development: two
imperatives that face us with new choices
We must ...
– Change the direction of European transport policy to
adapt our mobility system to the new challenges
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
4. IntermodalityIntermodality
Why Intermodal? - CongestionWhy Intermodal? - Congestion
Congestion cost = 0.5% GDP (1% by 2010)
Competitive loss and negative external effects
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
5. Why Intermodal? - EnergyWhy Intermodal? - Energy
IntermodalityIntermodality
In terms of energy efficiency and the weight of goods
which can be moved
One litre of fuel moves: 50 tonnes, on road
97 tonnes, on rail
127 tonnes, on inland waterways
European Transport Policy for 2010: Time to Decide
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
7. IntermodalityIntermodality
Physical NetworkPhysical Network
• AGTC-Network
• TEN – T
• Pan-European
Transport Corridors
and Areas
• TINA Network
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
9. Pan European Inland WaterwaysPan European Inland Waterways
(source INE)
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
10. EnlargementEnlargement
From 1 May 2004, 10 more countries have joined the EU
Measures that aim at developing the inland waterways’ infrastructure:
• liberalisation with regard to free pricing and contracting
• improvement of fleet structure
• harmonisation of technical and legal standards
• guarantee of fair competition between the modes
• better co-operation between transport operators.
The enlargement, will lead to a unavoidable shift of emphasis and
concentration on the networks which link up with the new Member States.
According to EUROSTAT data, the enlargement of the Union will increase
its inland waterways goods transport by about 40 million tons in the short-
term.
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
11. Pan-European Corridor VII – the DanubePan-European Corridor VII – the Danube
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
12. Pan-European Corridor VII – the DanubePan-European Corridor VII – the Danube
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
13. Pan-European Corridor VII – the DanubePan-European Corridor VII – the Danube
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
14. Danube region: traffic forecastDanube region: traffic forecast
Growth factors: Road: 1.89
Rail: 1.18
Inland waterways: 2.95
Sea: 2.58
Transport flows forecast - European OD relations, inter-regional
168,789
75,334
7,742 3,010
319,202
89,009
22,837
7,770
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
Road Rail Inland water Sea
Transport mode
Transportvolumes1,000tonnes
year 2000
year 2020
(source NEA)
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
15. Danube corridor: traffic forecastDanube corridor: traffic forecast
Traffic forecast on Danube by type of goods
Danube transport demand forecast 2020
European relations
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
Agr Food Solid
fuel
Ores Metal Miner Fertil Chemic Manufac Petrol
prodType of goods
Volumes,1000tons
year 2000
year 2020
(source NEA)
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
16. Danube corridor: transit timesDanube corridor: transit times
Overview of average transit times for different
modes, 40’’ container Rotterdam to/from:
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Frankfurt/M
ain
N
ürnbergR
egensburg
W
ien
Bratislava
Budapest
Belgrade
BucharestC
onstance
Transit time
(days)
Road Rail IWT
(source NEA)
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
17. Danube corridor: transit timesDanube corridor: transit times
(source NEA)
Overview of average costs for different modes,
40’’ container Rotterdam to/from (single way):
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frankfurt/M
ain
N
ürnbergR
egensburg
W
ien
Bratislava
Budapest
Belgrade
BucharestC
onstance
Costs
(euro)
Road Rail IWT
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
18. Revision of the TENRevision of the TEN
The High Level Group recommended among the priority projects to start before
2010 (List 1) the project: “Eliminating the bottlenecks on the Rhine-
Main- Danube”:
• Rhine-Meuse with the lock of Lanaye as cross-border section
• Vilshofen – Straubing
• Wien – Bratislava cross-border section
• Palkovicovo-Mohacs
• Bottlenecks in Romania and Bulgaria
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
19. Danube TEN projectsDanube TEN projects
1 = Vilshofen – Straubing
2 = Cross border Wien – Bratislava
3 = Palkovicovo – Mohacs
4 = Bottlenecks in Bulgaria and
Romania
1
2 3
4
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
20. Revision of the TENRevision of the TEN
The Rhine-Main-Danube corridor is a major freight route connecting the
North Sea (port of Rotterdam) to the Black Sea (in particular the port of
Constanta)
A major bottleneck occurs on the Straubing-Vilshofen section, in
Germany, which has the most limited draught on the entire route
Construction work is also necessary on the sections between Austria
and the Slovak Republic, and between the Slovak Republic and
Hungary, where the water level may at certain times of year drop below
2 metres
More specifically:
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
21. Revision of the TENRevision of the TEN
The project will improve the competitiveness of the waterway in relation
to other means of transport
Some 5 billion tonnes-kilometres of freight could be transferred, each
year, to waterways in the long term by increasing overall capacity by
around 30%
In most of the countries concerned, the construction projects are
included in the national transport infrastructure development plans
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
22. Revision of the TENRevision of the TEN
Project’ s overview:
Route Type of works Distance
(Km)
End of
works
Total
cost
(M€)
Vilshofen-Straubing Improving navigability 70 2013 128
Rhine-Meuse Improving navigability 140 2019 500
Lock of Lanaye Construction of a lock - 2010 75
Vienna- Bratislava Improving navigability 47 2015 180
Palkovicovo- Mohacs Improving navigability 358 2014 250
Romania Improving navigability 927 2011 640
Bulgaria (Bathin-Belene) Improving navigability 26 2011 137
TOTAL 1568 1910
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
23. Revision of the TENRevision of the TEN
The longer-term priority projects (List 2) include the “Inland waterway
Seine-Scheldt”, which according to the Group will allow substantial
improvement of the connections between the three large waterway
basins in France, in Belgium and in the Netherlands
This project was not included in the list of priority projects of European
interest only because there was not on 1/10/2003 a firm commitment of
the governments of the countries concerned to start works before 2010
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
24. ConclusionsConclusions
• Cost advantage for Inland Navigation, but significant longer
transit times
• Inland navigation is in the intermodal market mainly
competitive on medium range distances: 500-1000 km
• On longer distances (>1000 km) big competition comes from
rail, on shorter distances competition from road
IWWIWW
• IWT needs to be fully integrated in the supply chain, ‘floating
stock concept’
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
25. ConclusionsConclusions
The DanubeThe Danube
• Transport volume in 2020 will be tripled compared to 2000!
• Required actions to enable this growth:
– Waterway improvements (TEN projects)
– Modernization of the fleet and operations
– Increased awareness among shippers etc.
• A big potential for the Danube is available, but efforts are
definitely needed to enable this huge potential!
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
26. ConclusionsConclusions
Needs for inland navigation on Danube
• Clear need for cost reduction and scale advantage:
– Infrastructural improvements (e.g. more depth)
– Modern vessels and 24h/7days operation
• Clear need for reducing the transit time of inland navigation:
– Higher sailing speeds - bigger and modern vessels
– Reduction of waiting time at locks, bridges, customs (ICT).
– More ‘around the clock’ navigation and operation of locks
and bridges (24-7)
• Maximum awareness at shippers, logistic service providers,
forwarders about the opportunities of transports via the Danube
Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
27. Multimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004 Alexandroupolis, 6-7 December 2004
Intermodality andIntermodality and
Inland WaterwaysInland Waterways
George Patris,George Patris,
Secretariat of Corridor VIISecretariat of Corridor VII
Multimodal Transport and Trade FacilitationMultimodal Transport and Trade Facilitation
Southeast European Forum 2004Southeast European Forum 2004
Alexandroupolis, GreeceAlexandroupolis, Greece
December 6 - 7, 2004December 6 - 7, 2004
