This presentation was given at the Dalby Drone show on September 26 by Dr Martin. The starts by discussing automation, robotics and disruption and the impact it is having on society and jobs, before arguing that Australia facing the challenge of becoming an aging smokestack economy, and needs to place greater emphasis on moving our products and services further up the value-chain by taking a more proactive approach to innovation. The presentation then segues into presenting an array of game changing UAV related applications before detailing some of the safety and technical challenges which must be overcome. Sorry, there is no voice!

1. FUTURE DISRUPTION & DRONES
BVLOS, LTE & UTM
DR TERRY MARTIN
NOVA SYSTEMS

2. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Introduction
Who Am I:Where I am from
• Former military engineering Officer/consultant
• Heron/Shadow engineering work
• Applied Research Lead Nova Systems
• Industry Co-Chair Australian UAV Standards Committee
• Associate ProfessorTerry Martin (Adjunct) at Queensland
University ofTechnology
Queensland

3. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Introduction
• Flying Sensor:
• Surveillance, News Media, Real Estate
• Inspection: critical infrastructure, eg cell towers, powerlines, bridges, oil and gas etc
• Agricultural: Crop Inspections, Livestock and pest tracking
• Delivery:
• PackageTransport, medicines andVaccines, emergency equipment
• Agriculture: automated planting
• People: OPV/MUM-T
• Entertainment: Drone Racing
• Public Safety:
• SAR, Police, Fire,
*Support Services
• Regulation, Risk and Safety, Insurance
Consumer Applications

4. Copyright: Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Emerging Technologies
&
Game Changers

5. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Introduction
MUMT & OPV
BVLOS or VLOS
Placing Cheaper RPAS in Harms Way
Or
Deliver Function more cheaply
EW: Standoff
Jamming
Unmanned CASEVAC
Expanded ISR Footprint

6. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Introduction
Laser Guided Rockets on UAVs
• DAGR is 2.75 inch diameter module that
incorporates Hellfire Technology
• Weighs 4 kg
• DAGR has been fitted to US Shadow
• When designated by Apache, DAGR is capable of
hitting truck travelling 40 km/hr from 5 km away
• Scope for stand off designation:
• Significant Increase in FirePower &
Reconnaissance

7. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Black Saturday Bushfires
Apache like
Platform
Water Delivery
RPAS
Water Delivery
RPAS
Long Loiter
Surveillance
Short Loiter
Surveillance

8. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Introduction
Swarms
1. J. Arquilla, D. Ronfeldt,
RAND: “Swarming & the future
Conflict”.
Robotics and the Battlefield
Centre for New America
Military Swarming Design Elements
• Many Small, dispersed maneuver
units
• Integrated Surveillaance, sensors
• Sustainable pulsing of force and fire
• Stealthy ubiquity: no front
• Amorphous strike from all directions

9. NOVA SYSTEMS
Processing
Centers/
Eagle Vision
Shared
Situational
Awareness
Distributive,
Collaborative
Planning
• Full Motion Video (FMV)
• Imagery/Still Photography
• Image/Video Exploitation
•Location Information
•Weather
Processing, Exploitation, Dissemination

10. NOVA SYSTEMS
Processing
Centers/
Eagle Vision
Shared
Situational
Awareness
Distributive,
Collaborative
Planning
• Full Motion Video (FMV)
• Imagery/Still Photography
• Image/Video Exploitation
•Location Information
•Weather
Processing, Exploitation, Dissemination
Will Australia be building
these products or just be
consumers ?

11. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Introduction
•Innovation, Automation, Disruption & Jobs
•Key Safety Enablers: DAA and CNPC
•UAV Game Changers
• UTM
•Network Connectivity
• CNPC,
•LTE
• Google/Facebook
• MANET, FANET
Presentation Overview

12. NOVA SYSTEMS
Innovation,Automation& Jobs

13. NOVA SYSTEMS
Source: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/the-robots-are-coming-to-take-your-job/
NYT Best Seller:
• Increased impact of automation

14. NOVA SYSTEMS
Source: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/the-robots-are-coming-to-take-your-job/
NYT Best Seller:
• Increased impact of automation
”Smokestack & Manufacturing Economies”
Being overtaken by those focused on
”Consumption, Services and HighValue
Technologies”

15. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Osborne & Frey, Citigroup
Studies by : Carl Frey & Michael Osborne, then Citigroup
• Advances in AI, Robotics, Data Mining, Machine Learning,
Computational Statistics are placing more jobs at Risk of being
Automated. High risk for
• United States - 47% of workers
• China - 77% of workers
• India - 69% of workers
• Automation may change the trend of offshoring to low cost regions
• Emerging Markets need to diversify to move up the value chain
• Less low end manufacturing, more innovative technology
development
High Risk of Jobs being Replaced by Automation

16. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Computerisation & Jobs Market
Next Decades
Source: Frey, Carl Benedikt and Michael Osborne. September 17, 2013. The Future of Employment: How
Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? University of Oxford

17. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Computerisation & Jobs Market
Next Decades
Management
Engineering/
Science
Education, Law,
Arts, Media
Healthcare
Source: Frey, Carl Benedikt and Michael Osborne. September 17, 2013. The Future of Employment: How
Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? University of Oxford

18. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Computerisation & Jobs Market
Next Decades
Management
Engineering/
Science
Education, Law,
Arts, Media
Healthcare
Installation,
Maintenance
Source: Frey, Carl Benedikt and Michael Osborne. September 17, 2013. The Future of Employment: How
Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? University of Oxford

19. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Computerisation & Jobs Market
Next Decades
Management
Engineering/
Science
Education, Law,
Arts, Media
Healthcare
Service
Sales
Office and
admin.
support
Installation,
Maintenance
Source: Frey, Carl Benedikt and Michael Osborne. September 17, 2013. The Future of Employment: How
Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? University of Oxford

20. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Computerisation & Jobs Market
Next Decades
Management
Engineering/
Science
Education, Law,
Arts, Media
Healthcare
Service
Sales
Office and
admin.
support
Transportation
Installation,
Maintenance
Source: Frey, Carl Benedikt and Michael Osborne. September 17, 2013. The Future of Employment: How
Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? University of Oxford

21. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Disruption, Automation and Innovation
Percentage of Jobs at High Risk of Automation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60

22. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Disruption, Automation and Innovation
Percentage of Jobs at High Risk of Automation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Least at Risk
• Technically Dynamic, Knowledge Centres
• Diversified & skill intensive Workforces
• Professional Services
• Creative Industries

23. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Disruption, Automation and Innovation
Percentage of Jobs at High Risk of Automation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Least at Risk
• Technically Dynamic, Knowledge Centres
• Diversified & skill intensive Workforces
• Professional Services
• Creative Industries
Most at Risk
• Manufacturing
• Banking
• Gaming, Low Level white & Blue collar

24. NOVA SYSTEMS
”It’s not competition which counts, but competition from the new commodity, new
technology, new source of supply, new type of organisation - competition which
commands a decisive cost or quality advantage and which strikes not at the profit
margins and outputs of the existing firms but at their very foundations”: Joseph Schumpeter
Disruption

25. NOVA SYSTEMS
”It’s not competition which counts, but competition from the new commodity, new
technology, new source of supply, new type of organisation - competition which
commands a decisive cost or quality advantage and which strikes not at the profit
margins and outputs of the existing firms but at their very foundations”: Joseph Schumpeter
Disruption

26. NOVA SYSTEMS
”It’s not competition which counts, but competition from the new commodity, new
technology, new source of supply, new type of organisation - competition which
commands a decisive cost or quality advantage and which strikes not at the profit
margins and outputs of the existing firms but at their very foundations”: Joseph Schumpeter
Disruption

27. NOVA SYSTEMS
”It’s not competition which counts, but competition from the new commodity, new
technology, new source of supply, new type of organisation - competition which
commands a decisive cost or quality advantage and which strikes not at the profit
margins and outputs of the existing firms but at their very foundations”: Joseph Schumpeter
Disruption

28. NOVA SYSTEMS
”It’s not competition which counts, but competition from the new commodity, new
technology, new source of supply, new type of organisation - competition which
commands a decisive cost or quality advantage and which strikes not at the profit
margins and outputs of the existing firms but at their very foundations”: Joseph Schumpeter
Disruption

29. NOVA SYSTEMS
”It’s not competition which counts, but competition from the new commodity, new
technology, new source of supply, new type of organisation - competition which
commands a decisive cost or quality advantage and which strikes not at the profit
margins and outputs of the existing firms but at their very foundations”: Joseph Schumpeter
Disruption

30. NOVA SYSTEMS
”It’s not competition which counts, but competition from the new commodity, new
technology, new source of supply, new type of organisation - competition which
commands a decisive cost or quality advantage and which strikes not at the profit
margins and outputs of the existing firms but at their very foundations”: Joseph Schumpeter
Disruption

31. NOVA SYSTEMS
”It’s not competition which counts, but competition from the new commodity, new
technology, new source of supply, new type of organisation - competition which
commands a decisive cost or quality advantage and which strikes not at the profit
margins and outputs of the existing firms but at their very foundations”: Joseph Schumpeter
Disruption

32. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Which Businesses Creates Jobs?
Kauffman foundation
• “Existing firms actually lose a million more jobs, per year, then they create.”
• Over last 25 years, almost all private sector jobs are created by businesses less than 5 years old
• Between 1988 & 2011, companies more than 5 years old, DESTROYED more jobs than they create

33. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Which Businesses Creates Jobs?
Kauffman foundation
• “Existing firms actually lose a million more jobs, per year, then they create.”
• Over last 25 years, almost all private sector jobs are created by businesses less than 5 years old
• Between 1988 & 2011, companies more than 5 years old, DESTROYED more jobs than they create
US Bureau of Economic Research
• “The younger companies are, the more jobs they create, regardless of size”

34. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Which Businesses Creates Jobs?
Kauffman foundation
• “Existing firms actually lose a million more jobs, per year, then they create.”
• Over last 25 years, almost all private sector jobs are created by businesses less than 5 years old
• Between 1988 & 2011, companies more than 5 years old, DESTROYED more jobs than they create
US Bureau of Economic Research
• “The younger companies are, the more jobs they create, regardless of size”
Washington Post
• “Once large enough, firms start hunting overseas for cheaper labour options”,
• “Small companies produce 16 time more patents per worker than large firms”, and this is typically
associated with an infusion of jobs creation,
• Level of jobs creation linked to level of R&D, and collaboration

35. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Ageing Corporations
United States
89%
11%
US Market Capitilisation by Company
Age 2005
Over 85 Years
Old
Microsoft

36. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Ageing Corporations
United States
89%
11%
US Market Capitilisation by Company
Age 2005
Over 85 Years
Old
Microsoft
18%
14%
11%
8%8%
41%
US Market Capitalisation by Company
Age 2015
Apple
Google
Microsoft
Amazon
Facebook
Over 50 Years Old

37. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
11%
7%
6%
76%
AUS Market Capitalisation by
Company Age 2005
Westpac
Westfield
Over 80 Years
Old
Aging Corporations
Australia

38. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
11%
7%
6%
76%
AUS Market Capitalisation by
Company Age 2005
Westpac
Westfield
Over 80 Years
Old
Aging Corporations
Australia
8%
92%
AUS Market Capitalisation by
Company Age 2015
Telstra
Over 85
Years Old

39. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
11%
7%
6%
76%
AUS Market Capitalisation by
Company Age 2005
Westpac
Westfield
Over 80 Years
Old
Aging Corporations
Australia
8%
92%
AUS Market Capitalisation by
Company Age 2015
Telstra
Over 85
Years Old
Dominated by
Banks, Commodities & Chain Supermarkets

40. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Our Banking & Real Estate Sector
Australia's banking sector has a high reliance on overseas funding.
• Underpins the funding for our real estate market
Our 1 trillion foreign debt
• twice the size of our income from exports, dividends and royalties
• This ratio more than any other country except Greece & US
• Oz is spending 5.6% of its foreign income meeting interest payments, more than any
other advanced country aside from Spain and at similar levels to Mexico
• Credit ratings agency considering lowering Australia's rating fromAAA
• Concern that if global financial market lose confidence in Australia, it will be difficult
for government and banks to refinance Debt
• Politicians seem to be ignoring the deficit (Ken Henry. 24 Sep 2016)
The Australian Newspaper 12 May 2016

41. NOVA SYSTEMS
City State % Jobs at
Risk
Kurri Kurri NSW 58.6
Murray Bridge SA 57.3
Cessnock NSW 57.1
Melton VIC 56.8
Muswellbrook NSW 56.4
Warwick QLD 56.4
Port Pirie SA 55.3%
Griffith QLD 55.3
Colac VIC 54.9
Moe-Newborough VIC 54.7
SOURCE: Bernard Salt, KPMG
Disruption, Automation and Innovation
Jobs at High Risk: Australia

42. NOVA SYSTEMS
The GOOD

43. NOVA SYSTEMS
The BADThe GOOD

44. NOVA SYSTEMS
The BADThe GOOD
There will be
WINNERS
&
LOSERS

45. NOVA SYSTEMS
The BADThe GOOD
Companies
&
Cities
&
Nations
There will be
WINNERS
&
LOSERS

46. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Supporting Innovation
Ingredients of supportive business ecosystem for innovation & job creation[1]:
• A pro-entrepreneurship culture
• Guidance from experienced entrepreneurs
• A supportive Regulatory Environment
• A collaborative Business Culture
• Visible Successes & Role Models
• RiskTolerance
• Available Capital
• Technical Skills
Key Ingredients for Innovation & Startups
[1] Startup AUS Crossroads 2015: http://startupaus.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Crossroads-2015.pdf

47. NOVA SYSTEMS
WHYTHEDELAY?
Safety
&
Trade-offs

48. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Where are we as a Nation?
For most part, UAV Operations in Australia are
constrained to:
• DayVMC,VLOS,
• Below 400 ft,
• Not within 3NM of an aerodrome
Currently Permissible Operations

49. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Where are we as a Nation?
For most part, UAV Operations in Australia are
constrained to:
• DayVMC,VLOS,
• Below 400 ft,
• Not within 3NM of an aerodrome
Currently Permissible Operations
Essentially, the
platform isVISUALLY
TETHERED.

50. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Where are we as a Nation?
For most part, UAV Operations in Australia are
constrained to:
• DayVMC,VLOS,
• Below 400 ft,
• Not within 3NM of an aerodrome
Currently Permissible Operations
Essentially, the
platform isVISUALLY
TETHERED.Considerable portion of identified UAV potential lies in
Remote Sensing i.e BVLOS and BRLOS

51. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Where are we as a Nation?
For most part, UAV Operations in Australia are
constrained to:
• DayVMC,VLOS,
• Below 400 ft,
• Not within 3NM of an aerodrome
Currently Permissible Operations
Essentially, the
platform isVISUALLY
TETHERED.Considerable portion of identified UAV potential lies in
Remote Sensing i.e BVLOS and BRLOS
No nation has yet produced a complete framework to
support safe unsegregated BVLOS
Significant economic benefit for “first moving” nation!

52. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
So what is the Problem?
RPAS regulation focused on minimising the following key risks:
1. Risk of airborne collision, and the coinciding risk to people &
property
2. Risk to people and infrastructure on the ground,
Challenge is to isolate the risk difference betweenCPA & RPAS
The Key Risks

53. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1. Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
So What’s the Problem?
Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

54. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1. Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
So What’s the Problem?
Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

55. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1. Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Argument 3
System
constructed
and
implemented
completely and
correctly
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
So What’s the Problem?
Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

56. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1.
Argument 4
System
transitioned
into services in
acceptably safe
manner
Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Argument 3
System
constructed
and
implemented
completely and
correctly
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
So What’s the Problem?
Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

57. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1.
Argument 4
System
transitioned
into services in
acceptably safe
manner
Argument 5
System shown
to be operated
acceptably
safely
Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Argument 3
System
constructed
and
implemented
completely and
correctly
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
So What’s the Problem?
Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

58. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1.
Argument 4
System
transitioned
into services in
acceptably safe
manner
Argument 5
System shown
to be operated
acceptably
safely
Argument 6
System
maintained
and sustained
acceptably
safely
Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Argument 3
System
constructed
and
implemented
completely and
correctly
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
So What’s the Problem?
Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

59. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1.
Argument 4
System
transitioned
into services in
acceptably safe
manner
Argument 5
System shown
to be operated
acceptably
safely
Argument 6
System
maintained
and sustained
acceptably
safely
Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument
Argument 3
System
constructed
and
implemented
completely and
correctly
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
So What’s the Problem?
Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

60. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1.
Argument 4
System
transitioned
into services in
acceptably safe
manner
Argument 5
System shown
to be operated
acceptably
safely
Argument 6
System
maintained
and sustained
acceptably
safely
Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument
Argument 3
System
constructed
and
implemented
completely and
correctly
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
Verification of Evidence that SafetyTargets are met, with plans for
ongoing monitoring
ACCEPTABLE EVIDENCE
So What’s the Problem?
Safety & Trade-Offs : Airworthiness

61. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1.
Argument 4
System
transitioned
into services in
acceptably safe
manner
Argument 5
System shown
to be operated
acceptably
safely
Argument 6
System
maintained
and sustained
acceptably
safely
Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument
Argument 3
System
constructed
and
implemented
completely and
correctly
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
Verification of Evidence that SafetyTargets are met, with plans for
ongoing monitoring
ACCEPTABLE EVIDENCE
So What’s the Problem?
Airworthiness & The Safety Argument?

62. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1.
Argument 4
System
transitioned
into services in
acceptably safe
manner
Argument 5
System shown
to be operated
acceptably
safely
Argument 6
System
maintained
and sustained
acceptably
safely
Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument
Argument 3
System
constructed
and
implemented
completely and
correctly
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
Verification of Evidence that SafetyTargets are met, with plans for
ongoing monitoring
ACCEPTABLE EVIDENCE
So What’s the Problem?
TIME & $$$$$$$$$
Airworthiness & The Safety Argument?

63. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1.
Argument 4
System
transitioned
into services in
acceptably safe
manner
Argument 5
System shown
to be operated
acceptably
safely
Argument 6
System
maintained
and sustained
acceptably
safely
Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument
Argument 3
System
constructed
and
implemented
completely and
correctly
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
Verification of Evidence that SafetyTargets are met, with plans for
ongoing monitoring
ACCEPTABLE EVIDENCE
So What’s the Problem?
Airworthiness and the Safety Argument

64. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1.
Argument 4
System
transitioned
into services in
acceptably safe
manner
Argument 5
System shown
to be operated
acceptably
safely
Argument 6
System
maintained
and sustained
acceptably
safely
Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument
Argument 3
System
constructed
and
implemented
completely and
correctly
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
Verification of Evidence that SafetyTargets are met, with plans for
ongoing monitoring
ACCEPTABLE EVIDENCE
So What’s the Problem?
Airworthiness and the Safety Argument

65. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1.
Argument 4
System
transitioned
into services in
acceptably safe
manner
Argument 5
System shown
to be operated
acceptably
safely
Argument 6
System
maintained
and sustained
acceptably
safely
Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument
Argument 3
System
constructed
and
implemented
completely and
correctly
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
Verification of Evidence that SafetyTargets are met, with plans for
ongoing monitoring
ACCEPTABLE EVIDENCE
So What’s the Problem?
Airworthiness and the Safety Argument

66. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
AcceptablySafe is defined by
the SafetyTargets- See
Argument 1.
Argument 4
System
transitioned
into services in
acceptably safe
manner
Argument 5
System shown
to be operated
acceptably
safely
Argument 6
System
maintained
and sustained
acceptably
safely
Airworthiness
High Level Safety Argument
Argument 2
System
designed to be
acceptably safe
Personnel are appropriately trained to conduct and verify activities which underpin the safety argument
Argument 3
System
constructed
and
implemented
completely and
correctly
Argument 1
System has
been specified
to acceptably
safe.
Assumptions
stated
Applicable for
intended
Operational
Environment
Verification of Evidence that SafetyTargets are met, with plans for
ongoing monitoring
ACCEPTABLE EVIDENCE
So What’s the Problem?
Airworthiness and the Safety Argument

67. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Operational
Flexibility
Platform
Technical
Integrity
Equipage
So What’s the Problem?
Safe But Proportionate
Operator
Competence

68. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
The Need for a Strategic Roadmap
Goals
Milestones
Gaps & Barriers
Task List
Priorities,Timelines, People
Europe: Copying their Homework
Operational & Technology gaps:
1. Integration into ATM & Airspace
environments
2. Surface operations incl. take-off & landing
3. Operational contingency procedures &
systems
4. Detect & Avoid systems
5. Data communication links incl. spectrum
issues
6. Security issues
7. Verification and Validation Methods

69. NOVA SYSTEMS
Mid Air Collision
Populated
Area
A300 Passenger
Aircraft
Surveillance
RPA: Luna

70. NOVA SYSTEMS
Mid Air Collision
Populated
Area
A300 Passenger
Aircraft
Surveillance
RPA: Luna
NMAC

71. NOVA SYSTEMS
Mid Air Collision
Populated
Area
A300 Passenger
Aircraft
Surveillance
RPA: Luna
Time Taken Less than 1 second
Luna Imagery Before Crash
Landing near Kabul
NMAC

72. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Detect & Avoid
RTCA White Papers & MOPS

73. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Detect & Avoid
Well Clear
HMD* = 4000 ft
h* =450 ft
Miss Distance Filter Boundary
𝜏 𝑚𝑜𝑑
∗
= 35s
Time to CPA

74. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Detect & Avoid
SC-228 MOPS Development
Radar Declaration Range
Point in Encounter timeline where pilot must
make decision to maneuver to remain well clear

75. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Detect & Avoid
SC-228 MOPS Development
Alert
Pilot
Detect
Intruder
Determine
Resolution
15 s
Negotiate
ATC
Clearance
10 s 30.0 s
maneuver
to
remain
well clear
(Aircraft Performance
35.0 s
DAAWell Clear
Radar Declaration Range
90-110 seconds….Can be more than 8nm

76. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Practicalities of DAA
Minimum Maneuvering Time Example
DJI Phantom 3
Max Descent: 180 m/min: 590.551 ft/min
Max Speed 16 m/s (no wind) = 31 kts
60 kts
Scan Eagle:
• Max ROC: 150m/min (491 feet per minute)
• Lets assume can descend at same rate ( not a given)
• Cruise Speed
300 kts closing speed
Cessna
120 kts
12 m
12 m
• Time to climb/descend 12 m is 4.8 seconds (
12
150
) mins
• 180 kts closing speed = 3 nm per minute
• Scan Eagle must begin to MOVE at (
4.8
60
) x 3kts : 440 m range
• DJI Must must begin to MOVE at (
4
60
) x 2.5 kts : 310 m range

77. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Detect and Avoid
Capable Maritime Surveillance Radar
• AN/APS-137
• Operating Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz
(assume 9)
• Transmitted Power: 50 kW
• Antenna: 1.04 x 0.92
• Antenna Efficiency: 85%
• Smin = -92 dbm
• Atmospherics: clear air (no rain)
• Target: Submarine Periscope 1 m2
Claimed Range is 45km.
Radar

78. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Detect and Avoid
Capable Maritime Surveillance Radar
• AN/APS-137
• Operating Frequency: 8 to 10 GHz
(assume 9)
• Transmitted Power: 50 kW
• Antenna: 1.04 x 0.92
• Antenna Efficiency: 85%
• Smin = -92 dbm
• Atmospherics: clear air (no rain)
• Target: Submarine Periscope 1 m2
Claimed Range is 45km.
Radar
University of Denver: Miniature Denver
• Phased Array Radar
• Weight: 12 Ounces
• Range: UAV sized platform at 100 m

79. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Detect and Avoid
Specifications for Golden Eye
• Manufacturer:Advanced Scientific Concepts
• Sensor: 128 x 128 FPA, Indium Gallium Arsenide + CMOS
• Laser: 1.57 um
• Framerate:10 Hz
• Range up to 3 km, subject to laser/diffuser/lens choice
• Dimensions(without lens): 14cm x 21 cm x 14 cm
• Weight 6.5 kg
• Power, 24VDC, < 50 Watts
• Lens Options:
• FOV: 60°, 45°, 30°, 15°…. 3°
• Weight: 6.5 kg
Sensors: Flash LIDAR

80. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Detect and Avoid
Velodyne VLP-16 LIDAR Puck
Velodyne : VLP-16 –R Puck:
• 16-channel real-time
• $7,999
• 103 x 72 mm
• 830 grams.
• 8 Watts, 9-32 VDC
• Range: 100m
• FOV: 360 ° HFOV, ± 15° VFOV
• Accuracy: ± 3 cm
• 905 nm Eye Safe Laser

81. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Detect and Avoid
Quanergy Solid State LIDAR
Presentation: By Louay Eldada Quanergy at Stanford, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPqzo29Q9Wc
Quanergy: $250 Solid State LIDAR
Field ofView: 120 degrees
Max Range: 150 m ± 5cm at 8%
Reflectivity
Cost $100 -200 IF Volume > 100K

82. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Detect and Avoid
FLIR Neutrino MWIR
• Pixels: 640 x 512
• Pixel pitch: 15 um
• Weight: 450 grams
• Power: 5 watts
• Angular Resolution (with 5mm lens = 44 HFOV ):
• Only 0.17 degrees, MOPS Radar only requires 0.5 degrees,
• However AIRCRAFT would become sub-pixel at 1300 m….
• Could move to 10mm (2600m) lens and scan like Kestrel…
• Would that deliver sufficient contrast
• Could you team it with miniature LRF??

83. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Ground Based DAA
Provided by Airservices Australia
ADS-B/SSR @5000 ftADS-B/SSR @30, 000 ft SSR @4000 ft
Detect and Avoid

84. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Detect and Avoid
Ground Based Detect and Avoid

85. NOVA SYSTEMS
UAVGameChangers

86. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
“When the Pony Express came along, it really reshaped society to be able to move things around fairly reliably at
that speed, which was measured in many days.The U.S. PostalService—growing partly out of the Pony Express
and having it be even more reliable and starting to shorten the time—really did change society again.
In mid August 2014, Google ProjectWing delivered packages including chocolate
bars, dog treats and Cattle vaccines to farmer in Darling Downs, QLD
DHL also trialling drone deliveries in remote areas where existing infrastructure
makes shipping difficult (Nth Sea island: Juist).
The Race to “Lift and Shift”
UAv Game Changers

87. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
“When the Pony Express came along, it really reshaped society to be able to move things around fairly reliably at
that speed, which was measured in many days.The U.S. PostalService—growing partly out of the Pony Express
and having it be even more reliable and starting to shorten the time—really did change society again.
In mid August 2014, Google ProjectWing delivered packages including chocolate
bars, dog treats and Cattle vaccines to farmer in Darling Downs, QLD
DHL also trialling drone deliveries in remote areas where existing infrastructure
makes shipping difficult (Nth Sea island: Juist).
The Race to “Lift and Shift”
UAv Game Changers
The push
for
low cost
LIFT and Shift

88. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAv Game Changers
NASA UAV Traffic Management (UTM)
”a cloud-based system that will help manage traffic at low altitudes and avoid
collisions of UASs being operated beyond visual line of sight”
Principal Investigator: Parimal Kopardekar

89. NOVA SYSTEMS
Investors 12 Months Ago
AerospaceTechnologies, Inc.
Lone Star UAS,
Center of Excellence & Innovation
@ Texas A&M University- Corpus
Christi*
Airware* ne3rd, LLC*
Amazon Neurala, Inc.
Analytical Graphics, Inc. Precision Hawk*
Avision, Inc. Simulyze
Board of Regents of the Nevada
System of Higher Education-
Desert Research Institute
SkySpecs, Inc.*
DroneDeploy SkyWard IO, Inc.
Exelis SmartC2, Inc.
Google, Inc.*
US Dept of Interior, Office of
Aviation Services
Gryphon Sensors UAV Collaborative*
Higher Ground, LLC University of Cincinnati
Lockheed Martin Corporation University of Nevada, Reno*
Investors include
• Multinationals
• Google, Amazon,
• Large Aerospace
• Lockheed
• Sensor & Payloads
• Exelis, Gryphon
• University
• Texas A&M, Nevada, Cincinatti
• UTM Interface: Precision Hawk,
AGI, Airware
• Government
• US Dept. of Interior, Nevada
Education
NASA UAV Traffic Management (UTM)

90. NOVA SYSTEMS
Original Last 12 Months
AerospaceTechnologies, Inc.
TexasA&M University-
CorpusChristi*
American Aerospace
Technologies (instead of
AerospaceTechnologies)
Emerging Technology
Ventures, Inc.
Near Earth Autonomy, Inc.
Aerotas Flirtey
Nevada Institute for
Autonomous Systems
Airware* ne3rd, LLC* Aerovironment, Inc. Fovea Aero Systems, LLC NextNav, LLC
Amazon Neurala, Inc. Air Route Optimizer, Inc. GE Global Research Nokia
Analytical Graphics, Inc. Precision Hawk* AirMap, Inc GreenSight Agronomics
PEMDAS Technologies and
Innovations
Avision, Inc. Simulyze ANRATechnologies, LLC Harris Corp. PROXY Technologies
Board of Regents of the Nevada
System of Higher -Desert
Research Institute
SkySpecs, Inc.* ATAC Corporation Icarus Aerospace Qualcomm Technologies
DroneDeploy SkyWard IO, Inc. Aurora Flight Sciences Intel Corporation R Cubed Engineering LLC
Exelis SmartC2, Inc. Aviation Management, LLC
KDCTechSolutions
International LLC
Scientific Systems
Company, Inc.
Google, Inc.*
US Dept of Interior, Office of
Aviation Services
Ax Enterprize Luftronix, Inc.
Silent Falcon UAS
Technologies
Gryphon Sensors UAVCollaborative* Cpilot Matternet, Inc.
U.S. Dept of Homeland
Security
Higher Ground, LLC University of Cincinnati
Drone Co-Habitation
Services, LLC
Modern Technology
Solutions, Inc.
Uavionix, Inc.
Lockheed Martin Corporation University of Nevada, Reno* University of Alaska

91. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
NASA UAV Traffic Management (UTM)
Overview
VIDEO Played
LINK : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=83Y14qglTCY

92. NOVA SYSTEMS
Build 1: Completed
• LOW RISK
• Establishment of Airspace Reservation
• Focus on drone traffic management over
unpopulated land/water
• Minimal GA traffic, Aimed at agriculture,
firefighting & infrastructure
Build 2: Oct 2016
• Medium RISK
• Drones flying BLOS,
• Drone tracking, low density ops
• Sparsely populated areas
“If you can’t fly then run, if you can’t run then walk, if you can’t
walk then crawl, but whatever you do you have to keep moving
forward.” – Martin Luther King, Jr.

93. NOVA SYSTEMS
Build 3: Jan 2018
• Drone Control Via INTERNET
• Communication
• Drone to Drone
• Drone to ATC
• Safe Separation
• BLOS
• Flight over Moderate Population
• Package Delivery
Build 4: March 2019
• Flight over Urban Areas
• High Density Drone Traffic
• Autonomous D to D
communication
• Large Scale Contingency MGT

94. NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
1. On-board & Off-board Intelligence
• Track Management, Precise Localization, HI-FI Sensors & Processing,Video
Stabilisation
• Interoperability and fusion of UTM and ATM System
• Dynamic weather information
• Up to date 3D Mapping-Obstacles
• Contingency Management & Safety
• Flight Planning
Ongoing UTM Research
AGI
Precision Hawk

95. NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
1. On-board & Off-board Intelligence
2. Separation and Contingency Management
Ongoing UTM Research
Source: Provided by Dr Aaron McFadyen

96. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Surveillance
•Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR)
•Terminal Area Radar (TAR)
• PSR and SSR
•Route Surveillance Radars (RSR)
• SSR Only
•Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR)
•ADSB
ANSP Coverage

97. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Surveillance Coverage: Australia
Provided by Airservices Australia
ADS-B/SSR @5000 ftADS-B/SSR @30, 000 ft SSR @4000 ft
ATM & Airport Operations

98. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Surveillance
The Telstra Network

99. NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
1. On-board & Off-board Intelligence
2. Separation and Contingency Management
3. Reliable & Redundant CNPC Links
Ongoing UTM Research

100. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014)
UAS Data Link
UAS Control & NON
Payload Comms (CNPC)
Link
UAS Payload Link
Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC

101. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014)
UAS Data Link
UAS Control & NON
Payload Comms (CNPC)
Link
UAS Payload Link
Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC
• CNPC considered a Safety of
Flight Element
• Requires Dedicated spectrum
• Low Bandwidth

102. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014)
UAS Data Link
UAS Control & NON
Payload Comms (CNPC)
Link
UAS Payload Link
Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC
• CNPC considered a Safety of
Flight Element
• Requires Dedicated spectrum
• Low Bandwidth
• logical flows associated with
mission payload package.
• Not required to be in aviation
safety protected spectrum.
• High bandwidth

103. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014)
UAS Data Link
UAS Control & NON
Payload Comms (CNPC)
Link
UAS Payload Link
Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC

104. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014)
UAS Data Link
UAS Control & NON
Payload Comms (CNPC)
Link
Pilot ATC Link
UAS Payload Link
Voice
Data eg CPDLC
Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC

105. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014)
UAS Data Link
UAS Control & NON
Payload Comms (CNPC)
Link
UAS Control LinkPilot ATC Link
Telecommand Link
UAS Payload Link
Command: Uplink pilot to Aircraft
• Information needed to control flight trajectory
• Information needed to control all aircraft systems
required for safe flight
Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC

106. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014)
UAS Data Link
UAS Control & NON
Payload Comms (CNPC)
Link
UAS Control LinkPilot ATC Link
Telemetry Link
UAS Payload Link
Telemetry: DOWNLINK from AC to Pilot
• Aircraft location, attitude & speed system status
• Onboard NAVAID data
• Track data
Ongoing UTM Research- Reliable CNPC

107. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service
Aeronautical Mobile Route Service RadioNavigation-Satellite Service
960 MHz 1215 MHz1164 Hz
Allocations
Spectrum: ARNS Safety of Life Service

108. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service
TACAN and DME
Aeronautical Mobile Route Service RadioNavigation-Satellite Service
960 MHz 1215 MHz1164 Hz
Existing
Systems
Allocations
Spectrum: ARNS Safety of Life Service
• DME
• TACAN

109. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service
TACAN and DME
Aeronautical Mobile Route Service RadioNavigation-Satellite Service
UAT
SSR
Rx
SSR
Tx
960 MHz 1215 MHz1164 Hz
Existing
Systems
Allocations
SSR/TCAS/ADS-B
Spectrum: ARNS Safety of Life Service
• DME
• TACAN
• ATC Radar Beacons & Mode S
• IFF
• TCAS/ACAS
• ADS-B & UAT
• Advanced Surface Movement
Guidance & Control

110. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service
TACAN and DME
Aeronautical Mobile Route Service
GPS
Gallileo E5A
RadioNavigation-Satellite Service
Gallileo
E5B
UAT
SSR
Rx
SSR
Tx
960 MHz 1215 MHz1164 Hz
Existing
Systems
Allocations
SSR/TCAS/ADS-B
Spectrum: ARNS Safety of Life Service
• DME
• TACAN
• ATC Radar Beacons & Mode S
• IFF
• TCAS/ACAS
• ADS-B & UAT
• Advanced Surface Movement
Guidance & Control
• GPS

111. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service
TACAN and DME
Aeronautical Mobile Route Service
GPS
Gallileo E5A
RadioNavigation-Satellite Service
Link 16
Gallileo
E5B
Link
16
Link 16
UAT
SSR
Rx
SSR
Tx
960 MHz 1215 MHz1164 Hz
Existing
Systems
Allocations
SSR/TCAS/ADS-B
Spectrum: ARNS Safety of Life Service
• DME
• TACAN
• ATC Radar Beacons & Mode S
• IFF
• TCAS/ACAS
• ADS-B & UAT
• Advanced Surface Movement
Guidance & Control
• GPS
• Link 16 (JTIDS/MTIDS)

112. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service
TACAN and DME
Aeronautical Mobile Route Service
Potential Spectrum for CNPC
GPS
Gallileo E5A
RadioNavigation-Satellite Service
Link 16
Gallileo
E5B
Link
16
Link 16
UAT
SSR
Rx
SSR
Tx
960 MHz 1215 MHz1164 Hz
Existing
Systems
Allocations
Future
Systems
SSR/TCAS/ADS-B
Spectrum: ARNS Safety of Life Service
• DME
• TACAN
• ATC Radar Beacons & Mode S
• IFF
• TCAS/ACAS
• ADS-B & UAT
• Advanced Surface Movement
Guidance & Control
• GPS
• Link 16 (JTIDS/MTIDS)
WRC-12 Allocation

113. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
Frequency Band Used by UAVs
L Band (800 to 2 Gz) C Band (4-8 GHz)
• Terrestrial Microwave
• TV SATCOM feeds
• Weather Radars
• Line of Sight
• Very Congested
• Baby monitors
• ..
Ku Band (12-18 GHz)
• Exclusively for Satellites
• Less Interference to C Band
• Atmospheric Interference
• Better SNR
Small Drones
• Control &Video
• Short Range: 10km
• Lower freq, lower cost
Predator Reaper
• When LOS Control
• Video Downlink
Global hawk
• BLOS Control
• Video
Global hawk/ScanEagle
• LOS Control
Predator Reaper
• BLOS Control
• Video Downlink
• Relay
Shadow/ScanEagle
• Video
S Band (2-4 Gz)
• Weather
Radar
• SATCOM
Shadow
• LOS Control

114. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
CNPC
Source: RTCA WP-2: Command & Control Data Link ( 18 Mar 2014)
UAS Data Link
UAS Payload
Link

115. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Basically, a faster network technology offering with
improved quality for subscribers :
• Improved download and uplink speeds
• Lower latency
• High Reliability & Availability
• Low Cost, Energy Efficient, Simplification of infrastructure
• Improved Coverage
• Cell Density
Download Speeds: 2 to 50 Mpbs
Upload Speeds: 1 to 10 Mpbs
LTE, LTE-A & 5G

116. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Basically, a faster network technology offering with
improved quality for subscribers :
• Improved download and uplink speeds
• Lower latency
• High Reliability & Availability
• Low Cost, Energy Efficient, Simplification of infrastructure
• Improved Coverage
• Cell Density
Download Speeds: 2 to 50 Mpbs
Upload Speeds: 1 to 10 Mpbs
LTE, LTE-A & 5G
Critical role in future networking,
automated cars, robotics, health,
wearables, smart cities, smart
homes

117. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
• Payload Information Distribution
• First Person view
• Precise Position information, Support toTracking: ATC and UTM
• Geo-fencing update to RPA
LTE for UAV Use

118. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Australian Mobile Broadband
700 MHz 2600 MHz
LTE and LTE-Ä: Spectrum Allocations

119. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Australian Mobile Broadband
700 MHz 2600 MHz
LTE and LTE-Ä: Spectrum Allocations
low frequencies,
Longer Range
better signal penetration
better coverage in buildings,
carparks, elevators i.e Urban
Environment

120. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Australian Mobile Broadband
700 MHz 2600 MHz
LTE and LTE-Ä: Spectrum Allocations
low frequencies,
Longer Range
better signal penetration
better coverage in buildings,
carparks, elevators i.e Urban
Environment
• higher data
capacity
• Shorter Range

121. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Australian Mobile Broadband
700 MHz 2600 MHz
LTE and LTE-Ä: Spectrum Allocations
low frequencies,
Longer Range
better signal penetration
better coverage in buildings,
carparks, elevators i.e Urban
Environment
• higher data
capacity
• Shorter Range
B7
2600 MHz
Telstra Telstra
B28
700 MHz
B3
1800 MHz
Telstra
B1
2100 MHz
Telstra
B40
2300 MHz
Optus
VodofoneVodofone
Optus
B5
850 MHz
Vodofone
Optus
Optus
Optus
Telstra
B8
900 MHz
Optus Optus

122. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Australian Mobile Broadband
700 MHz 2600 MHz
LTE and LTE-Ä: Spectrum Allocations
low frequencies,
Longer Range
better signal penetration
better coverage in buildings,
carparks, elevators i.e Urban
Environment
• higher data
capacity
• Shorter Range
B7
2600 MHz
LTE-Advanced: Uses Carrier Aggregation
Multiple bands are used to speed up data transfers.
2 methods: FDD and TDD.
Telstra Telstra
B28
700 MHz
B3
1800 MHz
Telstra
B1
2100 MHz
Telstra
B40
2300 MHz
Optus
VodofoneVodofone
Optus
B5
850 MHz
Vodofone
Optus
Optus
Optus
Telstra
B8
900 MHz
Optus Optus

123. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Australian Mobile Broadband
700 MHz 2600 MHz
LTE and LTE-Ä: Spectrum Allocations
low frequencies,
Longer Range
better signal penetration
better coverage in buildings,
carparks, elevators i.e Urban
Environment
• higher data
capacity
• Shorter Range
B7
2600 MHz
LTE-Advanced: Uses Carrier Aggregation
Multiple bands are used to speed up data transfers.
2 methods: FDD and TDD.
• Telstra combines 700MHz & 1,800MHz using FDD
• Makes up 95% of Telstra 4G network
• Optus uses TDD on 2300 MHz
Telstra Telstra
B28
700 MHz
B3
1800 MHz
Telstra
B1
2100 MHz
Telstra
B40
2300 MHz
Optus
VodofoneVodofone
Optus
B5
850 MHz
Vodofone
Optus
Optus
Optus
Telstra
B8
900 MHz
Optus Optus

124. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
Spectrum
Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service
Australian Mobile Broadband
960 MHz 1215 MHz 2600 MHz700 MHz
Potential Spectrum for CNPC
WRC-12 Allocation
960 1164
980 1020
Viable
LTE
Bands for
use in CNPC

125. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
Spectrum
Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service
Australian Mobile Broadband
960 MHz 1215 MHz 2600 MHz700 MHz
Potential Spectrum for CNPC
WRC-12 Allocation
960 1164
980 1020
Viable
LTE
Bands for
use in CNPC
Aside from supporting payload dissemination, could the LTE
Network be used to:
• Support UAV/manned surveillance & separation
• Conduct UAV Command
• Relay UAVTelemetry
• UAV to UAV and UAV to ATC Communication

126. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
Spectrum
Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service
Australian Mobile Broadband
960 MHz 1215 MHz 2600 MHz700 MHz
Telstra
B28
Telstra
B3
700 1800
Telstra
B7
2100
Telstra
B1
Telstra
B8
900 2600
Potential Spectrum for CNPC
WRC-12 Allocation
960 1164
980 1020
Viable
LTE
Bands for
use in CNPC

127. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
ICAO Identified Critical Failure Modes
Overall
Availability & Continuity
OR
C2 Link Interruption-No
Component Fail
RPAS C2 Link
Component Fail
Propagation
Event
Interference
Event
Airframe
Obstruction
Capacity
OR
RPA C2
Equipment
Failure
GSC Failure
Satellite
Failure
Network
Failure
OR

128. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
• RPA Design
• Airframe
• C2 Equipment EMI/EMC
• Software Assurance on critical functions (RTB, FT, Lost Link..)
• Network
• Path Loss, Range
• QoS,
• NetworkTraffic and Capacity
Development Considerations

129. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
LTE Advanced Network for Enterprise Services

130. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
CNPC
LTE Advanced Network for Enterprise Services
FLIP it
Could the UAV be used to act as an airborne mobile tower

131. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
• Balloons at the mercy of weather, harder to control, and durability
concerns
• Are safer if they fall to earth
• Cost significantly less.
• Google & Facebook investigating using high altitude, long
endurance solar UAVs.
• Google trumped Facebook in purchasingTitan Aerospace ($60M).
• Developing 2 dragon-fly shaped UAVs.
• Smaller variant has wingspan larger than Boeing 767
Google Titan
Facebook Aquila
http://www.theguardian.com/
• Facebook purchased Ascenta ($20M)
Google & Facebook: Next-Gen Content Distribution

132. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
UAV Game Changers
Multi-hop wireless network: each network node acts as a wireless terminal as well as a
router
Cost effective positioning of assets according to requirements:
• nodes have the flexibility to manouver to meet dynamic demand.
Key R&D focus areas include:
• Mobility Models: plays a significant role in network performance
• Trajectory planning & prediction
• Collision Detection and avoidance: multiple trajectories
• Routing protocols that discover & adjust to network topology
MANET and FANET

133. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Multiple Ad-Hoc Networks
Swarms

134. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Multiple Adhoc Networks
Swarms
VIDEO PLAYED at LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQIMGV5vtd4
Source: Torwards a Swarm of Nano Quadrotors: Alex Kushleyev, Daniel Mellinger, &Vijay Kuma: Grasp Lab Uni of Pennsylvanie

135. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Summary
• Highlighted the impact that disruption and automation is, and will have, on
the jobs market
• Discussed a range of Game Changing UAVTechnologies
• UTM
• LTE/5G
• PED
• Swarms
• Highlighted some of the challenges for UAVs
• To be competitive, Australia must:
• move from smoke stack technologies
• Foster new business & Innovation
• Embrace Risk

136. Copyright:Terrence Martin
NOVA SYSTEMS
Summary
• Highlighted the impact that disruption and automation is, and will have, on
the jobs market
• Discussed a range of Game Changing UAVTechnologies
• UTM
• LTE/5G
• PED
• Swarms
• Highlighted some of the challenges for UAVs
• To be competitive, Australia must:
• move from smoke stack technologies
• Foster new business & Innovation
• Embrace Risk
Will you be a consumer (???), or contribute to an
innovative culture that creates jobs for our children?