1. Health, Government, & Economics

14. Theocracy A form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler. Often religious institutional representatives (i.e.: a church), replaces or is mixed into the civilian government. Can be an Oligarchy, Representative Democracy, and even a Monarchy.

24. Absolute Monarchy One-person rule. King or Queen has total control. Often thought as a divine right to rule that is passed from generation to generation. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1. People may be united in their loyalty to a monarch since there is no competition for trust and affection. 2. In an emergency, a monarch can move quickly to take action. No time is lost in debate or discussion . 1 . People are often given no individual liberties or civil rights. 2. A monarch’s policies suit his/her own needs. Needs of the people may be neglected. 3. Decision making has a narrow base - can be flawed, wrong, dangerous. No one was willing to tell the emperor what they think of his new clothes…

25. Direct Democracy Government in which all citizens have equal power in decision making. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1. Every citizen has equal power in matters of government. Every citizen is involved in the decision making. 2. Since all citizens are involved in decision making, there is a broad base of support and loyalty. 3 . Individual liberties are protected. 1. Only works when a small number of people are involved. Ability to gather all citizens in one place is necessary. 2. Decision making involving all citizens is time-consuming. All citizens give in-put, debate, etc...

26. REPUBLIC/ Representative Democracy Government in which people elect representatives who hold the decision making power. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1 . Citizens are involved in decision making through their representatives, lobbying, and voting. 2. Representatives are aware their job depends on meeting the needs of their constituents . 3 . More likely that all elements of the population are represented . 4. Generally, reps are educated and more-capable citizens who can devote time needed to solve complex problems. 1 . Decision making is time consuming. Desire of representatives to please everyone may cripple system. 2. Representatives may not always agree with those they represent. 3. Lack of involved citizenry may allow special interest groups to influence or dominate representatives.

27. Constitutional Monarchy A government with a written plan, or constitution, that includes a monarch as a ceremonial leader and a parliament or other legislature to make the laws. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1. Citizens are involved in decision making through their representatives, lobbying, and voting. 2. Representatives are aware their job depends on meeting the needs of their constituents. 3. More likely that all elements of the population are represented. 4. Monarch has almost celebrity status with the people. Are not held responsible for unpopular decisions, yet can help form public opinion 1 . Decision making is time consuming. Desire of representatives to please everyone may cripple system. 2. Representatives may not always agree with those they represent. 3. Lack of involved citizenry may allow special interest groups to influence or dominate representatives.

28. African Government Chart Country Kenya South Africa Sudan Type of Government Republic, with one-house legislature called the National Assembly Republic, with a two-house National Assembly A government of national unity was formed with a National Legislature. However, in reality, it is a one party dictatorship Head of State President is elected by the people President is elected by the National Assembly President and Head of State lead the National Congress Party Who Can Vote All citizens 18 years of age or older All citizens 18 years of age or older All citizens 17 years of age or older Freedoms for Citizens Freedoms are written into the constitution but government is dominated by the president. There have been improvements in citizen rights in recent years Personal freedoms are numerous. Apartheid has ended. Literacy rates are high Citizens of Sudan have few real constitutional freedoms unless they are associated with the National Congress Party. Most government positions are appointed Year of Independence Kenya became independent from Great Britain in 1963 South Africa became independent from Great Britain in 1910. The racially segregated government was ended in 1994, when majority rule was established Sudan became independent from Great Britain in 1956

59. Area of Comparison South Africa Nigeria Type of economy A technologically advanced market economy with some government control; one of the strongest economies in the region Poorly organized economy after a long period of military dictatorship and corruption; now trying to reorganize with more private enterprise allowed; want to be able to take advantage of strong world oil market Goods produced Mining (platinum, diamonds, and gold), automobile assembly, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer Oil and petrochemicals are the primary market goods; Nigeria once exported food and other agricultural products but now must import them Leading Exports Gold, diamonds, platinum, machinery Oil and petrochemical products GDP per capita $9,800 $2,000 Labor Force Agriculture – 9%, Industry – 26% Services – 65% Agricultural – 17% , Industry – 52% Services – 30% Unemployment Rate 24% 4.9%