1. Modern Europe
Emerges…
Industrial Revolution,
World War I, and World War II
Notes

2. Age of Imperialism
 During the late 1800s, European nations
took over other countries and turned
them into colonies (“Imperialism”)
 European nations colonized other
countries to get more money and raw
materials.
 European nations took over Africa,
Southeast Asia, and many South Pacific
Islands.
 Struggles among these nations
eventually bring disaster to Europe.

4. Nationalism
 By the 1900s, many people in Europe
took great pride in their countries.
 This strong sense of “nationalism” was
one of the causes of World War I and II.
– Destructive nationalism caused nations to harm one
another in the struggle to get ahead. Also, it prevents
nations from working together.

5. Australian war propaganda
poster

6. England War
Poster

8. Alliances
 During the early 1900s, European
nations feared one another—afraid
others would invade/take over their land
 To protect themselves, they created
“alliances” (partnerships) where they
agreed to protect each other if someone
else attacks them.

9. Two Major Alliances During
World War I (1914)
Germany Great Britain
Austria-Hungary France
Italy Russia

10. World War I
 The spark to start a war:
– June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand
was assassinated.
– Fighting:
• Lasted 4 years
• The Industrial Revolution helped in new types
of Warfare
– Machine guns, tanks, airplanes and poison gas.
• 21 million people died.

11. Archduke Franz Ferdinand

12. World War I…
 End of the War:
– September 1918: Allies were able to push
Germans out of occupied territory.
– A new map of Europe was created
– Germany was forced to pay for cities destroyed
throughout Europe.
– Millions were homeless, this war created a
worldwide depression.
– War changed how people looked at the world.
– US President Wilson created a fourteen point plan
that called for a League of Nations, which would
help with peace throughout the world.

13. Weapons

14. Trench Warfare

15. Mustard Gas…

16. World War II…
 Beginnings of War:
– After WWI there was a worldwide
depression. Tensions arose between
countries.

17. Two Major Alliances During
World War II (1939)
Axis Powers Allied Powers
Germany Great Britain
Japan United States
Italy Russia

18. Axis Powers
– Germany
• Adolf Hitler became Chancellor in 1933.
• 1936 began invading European countries.
• 1939 marked the start of WWII.
• Nazism: belief and practice of Nazi’s. Superior race.
– Italy
• Benito Mussolini
• Offered “A little something for everyone” to gain support.
• Dreamed of Mediterranean empire.
• 1940 Mussolini declared war on Great Britain and France
• Fascism: a political idea that glorifies a country. Single
party with a strong ruler and aggressive nationalism.
– Japan
• 1940 decided to expand empire to east.
• December 7, 1941 attacked US troops in Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii
• Dec. 8, 1941 US declared war on Japan

19. Adolf Hitler

20. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini

21. USS Arizona: Pearl Harbor Attack

22. Japanese Airplane

23. Allied Powers
– Great Britain, France, US, China, Soviet
Union
– US: Roosevelt
– Great Britain: Churchill
– Soviets: Stalin
• These leaders met to discuss the war. Set a
day to attack Germany.

24. Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin

25. Turning Points…
– Stalingrad: 1942. Germany was in the
Soviet Union heading toward Stalingrad.
Soviets fought back and Germans
surrendered in 1943.
– D-Day: June 1944 in Normandy, France.
Attack on Germans by US and G.B troops.
It was a success.

26. Troops Preparing to Fight: D-Day

27. End of World War II…
– May 7, 1944 Germany surrendered.
– Japan refused to surrender
• Harry Truman now US president. Decided to
use Atomic bomb on Japan.
• August 6, 1945 Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945 Nagasaki
• August 14, 1945 Japan surrendered.

28. Harry S. Truman

29. Enola Gay

30. “Little Boy” – The Atomic Bomb Dropped
Over Hiroshima

31. Atomic Bomb Dropped
Over Nagasaki

32. Nagasaki – after the atomic
bomb

33. Survivors of Nagasaki

34. Hiroshima (after A-bomb)

37. ?
 How did nationalism change Europe?

38. Holocaust
--Mass murder of Jews and Gypsies and
other ethnic groups.
– 12 million total killed
 1945 full horrors of camps discovered
by troops.
 (See Holocaust Powerpoint for more pictures)