Evolving from the BroadR-Reach standard, Automotive Ethernet enables faster data communication to meet the demands of today’s vehicles and the connected vehicles of the future. This session will focus on the fundamentals of the Automotive Ethernet ecosystem. It will include a brief history and evolution of the standard, and an overview of benefits of the new technology and the associated design challenges. We will conclude with an introduction into the test requirements and the analysis tools available to help troubleshoot and qualify designs.

1. Webinar:
The Fundamentals of Automotive Ethernet
1
Robert Mart, Product Line Manager
robert.mart@teledynelecroy.com
5/24/2017
We will start promptly at 2PM EDT

2. Teledyne LeCroy Overview
o LeCroy founded in 1964 by Walter LeCroy
o Origins are high speed digitizers for particle physics
research
o Teledyne LeCroy corporate headquarters is located in
Chestnut Ridge, NY
o Teledyne LeCroy has the most advanced technology and
widest line of Real-Time digital oscilloscopes
(from 40 MHz to 100 GHz)
o Long History of Innovation in Digital Oscilloscopes
o Teledyne LeCroy became the world leader in protocol
analysis with the purchase of CATC and Catalyst, and
creating a protocol analyzer division based in Santa Clara,
CA.
o In August 2012, LeCroy was acquired by Teledyne
Technologies and was renamed Teledyne LeCroy
o In April 2016 we acquired Frontline Test Equipment and
Quantum Data to add wireless and video to our protocol
analyzer portfolio
o In October 2016 we opened up the Automotive Technology
Center in Farmington Hills, MI to help with connected car
development

3. Automotive Technology Center
 Teledyne LeCroy Eases Connected Car
Development with Automotive Technology
Center in Detroit
 From testing wired inter-system networks
including CAN Bus, CAN FD and FlexRay to
troubleshooting wireless IoT networks using
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and NFC technologies to
debugging issues with wired protocols like
USB, Ethernet and HDMI, the Automotive
Solutions Group offers assistance with root
cause and protocol analysis.
 Seminars are held weekly at the center and
vary in topics
 teledynelecroy.com/automotive

4. About the Presenter
Bob Mart
Product Line Manager, Teledyne LeCroy
robert.mart@teledynelecroy.com
• BS in Bioengineering from Binghamton University
• Joined our team in 2011
• Product Line Manager focused on Mid-range Oscilloscopes and
Automotive Applications

5. Bob Mart
Product Line Manager
Automotive Ethernet Webinar
Basics of Automotive Ethernet

6. Upcoming Events: teledynelecroy.com/events
Automotive Ethernet Webinar: Physical Layer Compliance Testing
Online
Live Seminar: Automotive Ethernet Day
Basics Of Automotive Ethernet and Physical Compliance
Farmington Hills, MI
Live Seminar: Automotive Ethernet Day
Basics Of Automotive Ethernet and Physical Compliance
Santa Clara, CA

7. Agenda - Basics of Automotive Ethernet
 What is Automotive Ethernet?
 History and Evolution of Automotive Ethernet
 Overview of the OPEN Alliance
 What are the testing requirements?
5/24/2017 3

8. Basics of Automotive Ethernet
What is Automotive Ethernet?

9. Defining Automotive Ethernet
 Can refer to any Ethernet-based
network for in-vehicle electrical
systems
 Enables faster data
communication to meet rising
demand
 Specifically tailored to meet the
needs of automotive industry
5/24/2017 5
BroadR-Reach
Automotive Ethernet
100Base-T1
1000Base-T1
OABR
(OPEN Alliance
BroadR-Reach)
RTPGE
(Reduced Twisted
Pair Gigabit
Ethernet)

10. Industry Trends & Challenges
 Substantial increase in prevalence of in-vehicle electronics
 Nearly doubled over the last decade
 Growing in volume and complexity
 Substantial increase in cameras, diagnostics, ADAS, infotainment, etc.
 In-dash display consoles evolving to computerized nerve centers
 Bandwidth challenges
 More data requires higher transmission rates
5/24/2017 6
Source: Broadcom

11. Industry Trends & Challenges (continued)
 Compatibility and need for open architecture
 In-vehicle networks must be scalable, support multiple systems and devices
 Auto makers value the time it takes to get to market
 Cable limitations
 Auto makers seeking less costly forms of wiring
 Industry standards
 In-vehicle technologies must meet strict regulations
 Reliability, temperatures, minimal power consumption
75/24/2017
Source: Broadcom

12. Why Not Just Use 100/1000Base-T?
 “Standard Ethernet” had limited
use in automotive environments
 Optimized for enterprise,
business, and consumer
applications
 100meter reach
 4-pair per port Structured
Cabling
(Cat 5, 5e)
 EMC performance unspecified
 Plug/unplug to different link
partners
5/24/2017 8

13. Automotive Challenges Drove Specific Requirements
 Harsh environmental conditions
 Temperature
 Body: -40°C to 85°C
 Chassis and Powertrain: -40°C to 125°C
 Mechanical – acceleration up to 4G in body and cabin
 Stringent EMC requirements
 Cost and weight constraints
 Very low standby power requirements
5/24/2017 9

14. What is BroadR-Reach?
 Leverages standard Ethernet
technology designed for
automotive applications
 100 Mb/s Ethernet over
unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
cabling up to 15m
 40m reach over shielded
twisted pair
 Pioneered by Broadcom
5/24/2017 10

15. BroadR-Reach is a Hybrid of 1000Base-T and 100Base-Tx
 1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet)
 PAM-5, 125 MSps, 65-80 MHz
 Full Duplex
 Four twisted pairs
 100Base-T
 3 level, 125 MSps, 65-80 MHz
 Half duplex
 Two twisted pairs
 BroadR-Reach
 3 level, 66.67 MSps, 33.33MHz
 Full Duplex
 Single twisted pair
5/24/2017 11
Source: BroadR-Reach Spec Figure 1-1

16. BroadR-Reach/100Base-T1 Employs PAM-3 Signaling
5/24/2017 12
+1
0
-1

17. What are the benefits of Automotive Ethernet?
 Higher bandwidth
 LIN: 19.2 Kbps
 CAN FD: 15 Mbps
 FlexRay: 10 Mbps
 MOST: 25, 50, 150 Mbps (shared)
 Low-cost cabling solution (unshielded)
 Reduces cable weight by ~30% and connectivity cost by ~80%*
 Engineered to meet stringent EMC/EMI and temperature grade automotive
requirements
 Software interfaces on upper layers of Ethernet stack is pre-existing
5/24/2017 13
*Source: Broadcom

18. Comparing Automotive Ethernet and MOST
Key difference is the higher performance of a switched network compared with shared
network bandwidth (Ring)
Dedicated
100Mb
1Gb
uplink
8-port 100Mbps Switch BW = 800Mbps Max 150Mbps Shared
145/24/2017
Source: Broadcom

19. BroadR-Reach Configuration
155/24/2017

20. BroadR-Reach in Automotive Applications: ADAS
 ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems)
 Passive vs Active
 Passive: provide driver with an alert or notification
 Lane departure warning, back up camera
 Active: connected to actuators and can take control of vehicle
 Lane departure assist, automated emergency breaking
 100 Mb/s BroadR-Reach is better suited for passive ADAS applications
 Active needs lossless video so algorithms can do image recognition
5/24/2017 16

21. BroadR-Reach in Automotive Applications: Infotainment
 More cost effective than MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport ) or
LVDS (low-voltage differential signaling)
 Savings on cabling cost, weight, and thickness
 LVDS was used with analog camera connected over coaxial cables
 As they move to digital cameras, BroadR-Reach is less costly
5/24/2017 17

22. Defining Automotive Ethernet
 Can refer to any Ethernet-based
network for in-vehicle electrical
systems
 Enables faster data
communication to meet rising
demand
 Specifically tailored to meet the
needs of automotive industry
5/24/2017 18
BroadR-Reach
Automotive Ethernet
100Base-T1
1000Base-T1
OABR
(OPEN Alliance
BroadR-Reach)
RTPGE
(Reduced Twisted
Pair Gigabit
Ethernet)

23. What is 100Base-T1?
 IEEE 802.3bw Physical Layer Specifications and Management Parameters for 100
Mb/s Operation over a Single Balanced Twisted Pair Cable (100Base-T1)
 IEEE specification for 100 Mb/s Automotive Ethernet
 Interoperable with OPEN Alliance BroadR-Reach
 Same RAND terms apply
 Nearly the same thing as BroadR-Reach
 Often times names are used interchangeably
 Few exceptions
 Electrical PMA has a Transmit Peak Differential Output
 Changes in the protocol timing for wake up commands
 Why create a new spec?
 Driven by other applications: industrial automation and avionics
5/24/2017 19

24. Basics of Automotive Ethernet
History and Evolution

25. 2008 – 100Base-T First Used for Automotive
 BMW has had cars on the
market supporting Ethernet
 Primarily used in on board
diagnostics (OBD)
 Speed up data transfer time
 Just the tip of the iceberg
5/24/2017 21

26. November 2011 – OPEN Alliance was founded
 Founded by BMW, Broadcom, Freescale, Harman, Hyundai, NXP and
STMicro
 Set the stage for public release of the BroadR-Reach spec
 Important to have unified voice to handle spec development, marketing,
etc.
5/24/2017 22

27. December 2011 – Broadcom Publically Introduced BroadR-Reach
 Paved the way rapid expansion
of Automotive Ethernet
 Turned spec over to OPEN
Alliance
 License to the spec is available
to OPEN Alliance members
5/24/2017 23

28. January 2012 – LeCroy Launches 1st BroadR-Reach Test Package
 Developed with Broadcom and
demonstrated with Broadcom at
CES
 When Broadcom had it’s public
announcement they wanted to
have a test solution
 Approached LeCroy
 Industry’s first BroadR-Reach
test package
 QualiPHY Broad-Reach
5/24/2017 24

29. February 2012 – LeCroy joins OPEN Alliance
 First T&M vendor to join the OPEN Alliance
 At the time there was around 30 members, now over 340
 Active participant on Technical Committee calls
 Make recommendations on test procedures
 Define test equipment requirements
 Attend industry events
 We’re the experts so you don’t have to be
5/24/2017 25

30. 2014-2015 – First Vehicle debuts with BroadR-Reach
 2014 & 2015 BMW X5
 360° surround camera views
 2015 Jaguar Land Rover XJ
 Used in infotainment network
 2015 Volkswagen Passat
 Parking assist
 Moving to mass-market cars
5/24/2017 26

31. March 2016 – IEEE Releases 100Base-T1
 IEEE 802.3 standardized
100Base-T1 in
IEE802.3bw-2015 Clause 96
 Nearly the same thing as
BroadR-Reach
 Exists in same ecosystem as
other Ethernet specs
 Allows other industries to
leverage it
5/24/2017 27

32. November 2016 – 100Base-T1 UNH Plugfest
 First ever industry plugfest
 4 Test vendors and 2 test labs
 6 PHY vendors
 Organized by TC1
 Goal was to correlate test
methodologies among test
vendors
 First time distortion was tested
without TX_TCLK
5/24/2017 28

33. What to Expect in the Near Future (1-2 years)?
 Automotive Ethernet continues to increase in popularity in Automotive
and other industries
 1000Base-T1 (IEEE 802.3bp) – Gigabit Automotive Ethernet
 Standard has been completed
 Products from chip vendors will start to appear in the second half of 2017
 Will allow Automotive Ethernet to serve as the network backbone
 Automotive Ethernet over POF (Plastic Optical Fiber)
 Gigabit POF is currently being standardized
 Targeted for other applications with longer reach
 Home and industrial
5/24/2017 29

34. What to Expect in the Future (~5 years)?
 10 Mb/s
 Provides data rates similar to CAN FD but will be more cost and energy
efficient than 100 Mb/s
 Will only make sense if it is cost competitive
 MGBase-T1 (2.5 G and 5 G)
 Based off of 2.5GBase-T and 5GBase-T, which are based off of 10GBase-T
 100M is fine for streaming video but not enough for processing
5/24/2017 30

35. Basics of Automotive Ethernet
OPEN Alliance

36. OPEN Alliance Special Interest Group (SIG)
 OPEN: One-Pair Ether-Net
 www.opensig.org
 Founded in December 2011
 LeCroy joined in February of
2012
 Over 340 members
 Free to join
5/24/2017 32

37. Goals of OPEN Alliance
 Formed to drive next generation in-vehicle networking
 Establishes Industry Standard for Automotive Ethernet Connectivity
 Encourages open standards and joint-development
 Defined all characteristics of BroadR-Reach and 100Base-T1
 Has shifted to enabling 1000BASE-T1
5/24/2017 34

38. OPEN Alliance Structure
5/24/2017 35
 TC1 – BroadR-Reach 100Mpbs
Spec
 TC8 – ECU Conformance
Testing
 TC9 – 1000BaseT-1 Channel
and Components
 Other cover Sleep/Wake-up,
Switches, ECUs, and more
 There are 12 Technical
Committees (TC)
 TCs define the specs as a group
 Started out with 5 TCs and has
expanded as new needs arose
 As a member you can be
involved as much or as little as
you want

39. Upcoming Industry Events
IEEE-SA Ethernet & IP
Automotive Technology Day
 Will be held in San Jose
November 1st - 2nd 2017
 http://standards.ieee.org/events/
automotive/
5/24/2017 36
Automotive Ethernet Congress
 Will be held in Munich
January 29th- February 1st 2018
 OPEN Alliance face-to-face
meeting held on February 2nd
 http://www.automotive-ethernet-
congress.de/home.html

40. Basics of Automotive Ethernet
Test Requirements

41. Categories of Automotive Ethernet Testing
 Electrical Signaling: Physical Media Attachment (PMA)
 Determine if product conforms to electrical transmitter and receiver
specifications
 Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) & PHY Control
 Evaluates functionality of the protocol
 PCS transmit/receive
 State diagrams
 Encoding/decoding
 Scrambling/descrambling
 There are recommendations for other elements
 Common Mode Choke (CMC), EMC, Communication Channel, ECU, switches
5/24/2017 38

42. What is Compliance Testing in the Context of Automotive Ethernet?
 The 100Base-T1 spec includes requirements for PMA, PCS, and PHY
Control
 IEEE does not write test specifications
 UNH has traditionally written test documents which describe how tests can
be performed
 It is up to the OEM, PHY Vendor, Tier 1, etc. to work with a test
equipment manufacturer or test house to perform testing
5/24/2017 39

43. Why is PHY Compliance Important?
 OEMs have a lengthy development cycle for an ECU
 Need assurance that PHY chip meets requirements prior to implementation
 Once the PHY chip has been incorporated into the ECU it should also
be tested – testing is not just for PHY vendors
 This may be full compliance testing or a subset of compliance tests
 Compliance to 100BASE-T1 does not guarantee interoperability
 Transmitter requirements are well defined, the receiver is left up to the
implementer
5/24/2017 40

44. 7 Differential Electrical Physical Layer Compliance Tests
 BroadR-Reach & 100Base-T1
 Maximum Transmitter Output Droop
 Transmitter Clock Frequency
 Transmitter Timing Master Jitter
 Transmitter Timing Slave Jitter
 Transmitter Distortion
 Transmitter Power Spectral Density (PSD)
 100Base-T1 Only
 Transmitter Peak Differential Output
5/24/2017 41

45. Test Equipment Requirements
 1 GHz Oscilloscope with at least
2 GS/s sample rate
 We recommend 10 GS/s
 Oscilloscope with Spectral
Analysis capability or Spectrum
Analyzer
 Disturbing Sine Wave Generator
 5.4 Vpk-pk at 11.11 MHz
 2 BNC cables
 2 BNC-SMA adapters
5/24/2017 42
 Ethernet Test Fixture
 2 SMA cables
 2 SMA-BNC Adapters
 1 GHz Differential Probe
 Short Automotive Cable
 Vector Network Analyzer
 For return loss and common
mode

46. 5/24/2017Company Confidential 43
Questions?
Bob Mart
Robert.Mart@teledynelecroy.com

47. Upcoming Events: teledynelecroy.com/events
Automotive Ethernet Webinar: Physical Layer Compliance Testing
Online
Live Seminar: Automotive Ethernet Day
Basics Of Automotive Ethernet and Physical Compliance
Farmington Hills, MI
Live Seminar: Automotive Ethernet Day
Basics Of Automotive Ethernet and Physical Compliance
Santa Clara, CA