The document discusses initial planning for computer-assisted language learning (CALL). It describes determining objectives, choosing between linear and branching program types, selecting engaging materials, choosing software like ToolBook, determining appropriate learning tasks, and structuring programs with information, content, and exercises sections. CALL design principles include interactivity, usability, appropriate content, effectiveness, and performance.

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2. | HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles | The 4 th Group of ICT DESIGNING CALL Haryana Rachmad Teguh Budi Nasrun X

4. | HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles | The 4 th Group of ICT Initial Planning 1.Determining… 2.Types of… 3.Selecting… 4.Choosing… 5.Determining… 6.Structuring… 1.Determining objectives Russell (1992: 775) states that “it is important to identify the purpose – objective – the materials are intended to serve”. It means that the objective function as a guide to the nature of the structure of the program and is thus crucial to the design of the whole project. This objective should cover every aspects of language skills and components such as writing, reading, listening, as well as speaking. X

5. | HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles | The 4 th Group of ICT Initial Planning 1.Determining… 2.Types of… 3.Selecting… 4.Choosing… 5.Determining… 6.Structuring… 2.Choosing types of programs Criswell (1989: 9) points out that there are two types tutorials: linear and branching. Linear program presents every frame to every student. The presentation is much like a textbook, often heavily word oriented. Linear programs may be paced by the student and may include interesting graphics. Branching program includes pre-test of major sections in the program. The program computes the student score and advises the student to either skip over or complete the section. X

6. | HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles | The 4 th Group of ICT Initial Planning 1.Determining… 2.Types of… 3.Selecting… 4.Choosing… 5.Determining… 6.Structuring… 3.Selecting materials Johnson (1991: 33) states that “it is important that multimedia authors and teachers do not fall back into the trap of setting the same dull old task, …. or occupied with other things. We need, when designing learning tools, to recognize that language is not just an assemblage of distinct vocabulary items and ‘structure’ to be learned, but a heaving, swirling, dynamic whole, the means by which men, women and children communicate with each other”. X

7. | HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles | The 4 th Group of ICT Initial Planning 1.Determining… 2.Types of… 3.Selecting… 4.Choosing… 5.Determining… 6.Structuring… 4.Choosing software There are some multimedia software that can be used to design/develop a CALL program such as ToolBook 3.0 used by Mr. Hartoyo when designing his CALL program which consists of the grammatical structure. This program is considered to be the main problems for Indonesian learners of English. We can also use other software to design a CALL program such as: Ms. word, Ms. excel, Ms. powerpoint, Ms. Frontpage etc. X

8. | HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles | The 4 th Group of ICT Initial Planning 1.Determining… 2.Types of… 3.Selecting… 4.Choosing… 5.Determining… 6.Structuring… 5.Determining tasks Wilson (1994), who conducted a study on the CALL package for learning English as a foreign language, suggested that before designers can build CALL system that “understand” their users, they must be able to analyze what learning tasks should be provided to stimulate interaction between the user and the computer. In his book Mr. Hartoyo provides the material dealing with practice in English structure or grammar. X

9. | HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles | The 4 th Group of ICT Initial Planning 1.Determining… 2.Types of… 3.Selecting… 4.Choosing… 5.Determining… 6.Structuring… 6.Structuring program design To structure program design, we will have normally three parts, they are: 1.Information which explains about the tutorial program to help the users use the program easier. 2.Content which presents materials highlighted in the program. It also presents the further material in the form of pop-up windows which appear whenever the user clicks on the relevant “hotwords”. 3. Exercise which enables the users to assess their understanding toward the materials they has just learn. X

10. | HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles | CALL Principles A CALL program is usually designed on the basis of five principles: 1.Interactivity (feedback and instruction) 2.Usability (flexibility) 3.Content appropriateness 4.Effectiveness 5.Performance (attractiveness) The 4 th Group of ICT X

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