A Case Study in Advanced Web Services

1. Pizza and a Movie
A Case Study in
Advanced Web Services
Dr Luigi Ceccaroni
Dr Jonathan Dale
Network Agent Research Group
Fujitsu Laboratories of America
July, 2002

2. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
Outline
• Introduction
• The Evening Organizer
• The scenario
• Conclusions
• Challenges

3. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
Introduction
• Advanced Web Services (WS++)
– Communicate on wide-area networks, such as the Internet.
– Have explicit representation of the capabilities offered.
– Support semantically grounded communication.
– Are reusable in different contexts and situations.
– Are published, discovered through agreed registry mechanisms.
– Are invoked through interactive and dynamic interfaces.
• Agents
– Advertise their existence.
– Establish communications with other agents.
– Describe their function, input and output requirements.
– Negotiate an exchange of data and services.
– Cooperate in the completion of a task.

4. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
The Evening Organizer
• Part of Agentcities.RTD composite services
• Uses various domain services such as:
 Weather
 Cinema
 Hotel
 Restaurant
 Taxi
• Application for San Francisco
• Part of an envisioned pervasive-computing
infrastructure (location and context-aware services)
• AAP based

5. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
The Evening Organizer
User Personal Assistant Agent
1 Gather Gather
Initiate Evening Gather User
Ratings Review
Planning Task Preferences
Information Information
Evening Organizer
7a 2
Approve
Compose Refine
Itinerary
Itinerary 3 Itinerary
4
Modify Seek Gather
Itinerary Propose
Approval of 5 Itinerary
Service
6 Itinerary Information
Cancel
Itinerary 7b 8 Make
Make Itinerary
Itinerary
Reservations
Reservations
10a
Approve Seek Approval Propose
Itinerary of Itinerary with Itinerary with
Reservations Reservations
9
Modify
Itinerary 10b
Book Itinerary
Reservations The user can
Cancel monitor booking
Itinerary execution

6. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
Initiating an evening organization
task
A user wants to go to a restaurant to eat a
pizza and then go to a cinema to see a Sci-Fi
movie.
The user is guided, via Web forms, towards a Restaurant
and Shows template.
(Restaurant
(typeOfCuisine:Cuisine = Pizza)
Shows = CinemaShow
(show:Performance
(genre:string = Sci-Fi)))

7. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
The Evening Organizer
User Personal Assistant Agent
1 Gather Gather
Initiate Evening Gather User
Ratings Review
Planning Task Preferences
Information Information
Evening Organizer
7a 2
Approve
Compose Refine
Itinerary
Itinerary 3 Itinerary
4
Modify Seek Gather
Itinerary Propose
Approval of 5 Itinerary
Service
6 Itinerary Information
Cancel
Itinerary 7b 8 Make
Make Itinerary
Itinerary
Reservations
Reservations
10a
Approve Seek Approval Propose
Itinerary of Itinerary with Itinerary with
Reservations Reservations
9
Modify
Itinerary 10b
Book Itinerary
Reservations The user can
Cancel monitor booking
Itinerary execution

8. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
Composing an itinerary
The personal agent (PA) expands the
instantiated template into an instantiated
itinerary (Web Services selection and
composition).
(Taxi
(source:string = UserHome)
Restaurant …
Taxi …
Shows …
Taxi

9. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
The Evening Organizer
User Personal Assistant Agent
1 Gather Gather
Initiate Evening Gather User
Ratings Review
Planning Task Preferences
Information Information
Evening Organizer
7a 2
Approve
Compose Refine
Itinerary
Itinerary 3 Itinerary
4
Modify Seek Gather
Itinerary Propose
Approval of 5 Itinerary
Service
6 Itinerary Information
Cancel
Itinerary 7b 8 Make
Make Itinerary
Itinerary
Reservations
Reservations
10a
Approve Seek Approval Propose
Itinerary of Itinerary with Itinerary with
Reservations Reservations
9
Modify
Itinerary 10b
Book Itinerary
Reservations The user can
Cancel monitor booking
Itinerary execution

10. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
Restaurant service
services
Restaurant QUERY-REF
Finder Extended-FIPA-SL Evening
Agent INFORM Organizer
Extended-FIPA-SL
REQUEST
KIF
INFORM-DONE
JTP
Knowledge
BASE Restaurant
Booking
SQL
SQL database Agent
DAML+OIL HTML
DAML-S (Web)

11. Grounding for © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
Web Services invocation (Finder
Agents)
(QUERY-REF
:sender ( agent-identifier :name
PaulOakenfold@ bo.agentcities.net:1099 :addresses
(sequence http://bo.agentcities.net:7778 ))
:receiver (set ( agent-identifier :name
restaurant@ sf.us.agentcities.net :addresses (sequence
http://sf.us.agentcities.net:8080/acc )))
:content "( (all ?r1 (and
(instance ?r1 daml-s#serviceProfile)
(= (value ?r1 restaurant#CuisineType)
"restaurant#FrenchCuisine") ) ) )"
:language extended-FIPA-SL
:ontology (sequence
daml-s:http://.../onto1
restaurant:http://...onto3)
:protocol fipa-query)

12. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
The Evening Organizer
User Personal Assistant Agent
1 Gather Gather
Initiate Evening Gather User
Ratings Review
Planning Task Preferences
Information Information
Evening Organizer
7a 2
Approve
Compose Refine
Itinerary
Itinerary 3 Itinerary
4
Modify Seek Gather
Itinerary Propose
Approval of 5 Itinerary
Service
6 Itinerary Information
Cancel
Itinerary 7b 8 Make
Make Itinerary
Itinerary
Reservations
Reservations
10a
Approve Seek Approval Propose
Itinerary of Itinerary with Itinerary with
Reservations Reservations
9
Modify
Itinerary 10b
Book Itinerary
Reservations The user can
Cancel monitor booking
Itinerary execution

13. Grounding for © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
Web Services invocation (Booking
Agents)
(REQUEST
:sender ( agent-identifier :name
PaulVanDyk@ bo.agentcities.net:1099 :addresses
(sequence http://bo.agentcities.net:7778 ))
:receiver (set ( agent-identifier :name
beryl@ sf.us.agentcities.net :addresses
(sequence http://sf.us.agentcities.net:8080/acc ))
)
:content "(action ( ( agent-identifier :name
beryl@ sf.us.agentcities.net :addresses
(sequence
http://sf.us.agentcities.net:8080/acc )))
(process#booking :restaurant#howmany 8
:restaurant#when "2002-06-17-1630" ))"
:ontology (sequence
process:http://.../onto2
restaurant:http://...onto3)
:language extended-FIPA-SL

14. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
The Evening Organizer
User Personal Assistant Agent
1 Gather Gather
Initiate Evening Gather User
Ratings Review
Planning Task Preferences
Information Information
Evening Organizer
7a 2
Approve
Compose Refine
Itinerary
Itinerary 3 Itinerary
4
Modify Seek Gather
Itinerary Propose
Approval of 5 Itinerary
Service
6 Itinerary Information
Cancel
Itinerary 7b 8 Make
Make Itinerary
Itinerary
Reservations
Reservations
10a
Approve Seek Approval Propose
Itinerary of Itinerary with Itinerary with
Reservations Reservations
9
Modify
Itinerary 10b
Book Itinerary
Reservations The user can
Cancel monitor booking
Itinerary execution

15. Final form of the © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
itinerary
(Taxi
(source:string = UserHome)
(destination:string = Ft. Mason Ctr., A)
Restaurant = Antica Trattoria
(seating:RestaurantSeating = Indoor)
(typeOfCuisine:Cuisine = Pizza)
Taxi
(source:string = Ft. Mason Ctr., A)
(destination:string = 1345 Bush St)
Shows = CinemaShow
(show:Performance
(title:string = Barbarella)
(genre:string = Sci-Fi))
(location:EventHost
(name:string = Alliance Franç aise))
Taxi
(source:string = 1345 Bush St)
(destination:string = UserHome))

16. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
The Evening Organizer
User Personal Assistant Agent
1 Gather Gather
Initiate Evening Gather User
Ratings Review
Planning Task Preferences
Information Information
Evening Organizer
7a 2
Approve
Compose Refine
Itinerary
Itinerary 3 Itinerary
4
Modify Seek Gather
Itinerary Propose
Approval of 5 Itinerary
Service
6 Itinerary Information
Cancel
Itinerary 7b 8 Make
Make Itinerary
Itinerary
Reservations
Reservations
10a
Approve Seek Approval Propose
Itinerary of Itinerary with Itinerary with
Reservations Reservations
9
Modify
Itinerary 10b
Book Itinerary
Reservations The user can
Cancel monitor booking
Itinerary execution

17. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
Conclusions
• EO: a simple process (black-box) expanding to a composite
process
• Personal Agent: interface between user and EO
• Dynamic input: Web form filled out by the user, user
preferences
• Conditional output: Complete itinerary with reservations
booked and tickets purchased, or itinerary partially organized,
or failure and error message
• Future work:
– DAML-S version advertising properties and capabilities through a profile
description, and providing a grounding consistent with DAML-S 0.7
– Integration with a logic-based content language to be compatible with the
requirements of semantic agent communication within Agentcities
– Restaurant, cinema and taxi services

18. © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
Challenges
(addressed by Agentcities)
• Semantic interoperability, use of
ontologies
• Need for standard searching mechanisms
and service classification
• Tools, frameworks and methodologies, to
help the software-agent developer
• Dynamic, intelligent and autonomous
composition of services

19. Availability Details (September © 2002 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
2002)
The Evening Organizer for
San Francisco
http://sf.us.agentcities.net/
Luigi Ceccaroni, Jonathan Dale
lc@fla.fujitsu.com
Restaurant services:
http://sf.us.agentcities.net/aap/RestaurantServiceDescription.htm
AAP on SourceForge.net:
http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/networkagent