2. Luke 12:15Luke 12:15
A man’s life consistsA man’s life consists
not in thenot in the
abundance of theabundance of the
things which hethings which he
possesses.possesses.
3. I.I.
So far, we have studied the physicalSo far, we have studied the physical
world and how people meet theirworld and how people meet their
physical needs. The spiritual world isphysical needs. The spiritual world is
for more important to study.for more important to study.
The physical world and all its riches willThe physical world and all its riches will
pass away, but the spiritual world willpass away, but the spiritual world will
endure forever.endure forever.
God did not make Adam to serve GodGod did not make Adam to serve God
alone. He would need the help of otheralone. He would need the help of other
people.people.
4. SocietySociety
Relationships among humans.Relationships among humans.
God has a purpose for society, which isGod has a purpose for society, which is
an outward manifestation of thean outward manifestation of the
unseen spiritual world.unseen spiritual world.
The development of society is a part ofThe development of society is a part of
the Creation Mandate – Fill the earththe Creation Mandate – Fill the earth
with people.with people.
5. CultureCulture
Society’s total “way of life,” including itsSociety’s total “way of life,” including its
institutions and traditions.institutions and traditions.
Traditions are the customs of usages thatTraditions are the customs of usages that
society passes down from one generation tosociety passes down from one generation to
the next.the next.
Institutions are the formal organizations byInstitutions are the formal organizations by
which society passes along tradition.which society passes along tradition.
6. People are NOT bornPeople are NOT born
with culture.with culture.
Culture is taught.Culture is taught.
7. Language – TheLanguage – The
Foundation of CultureFoundation of Culture
Language is the primary way ofLanguage is the primary way of
passing our culture along topassing our culture along to
others.others.
After the flood, man had oneAfter the flood, man had one
language and one culture.language and one culture.
8. HumanismHumanism
The belief that humanThe belief that human
thought and values, ratherthought and values, rather
than religious thoughts andthan religious thoughts and
values, should be thevalues, should be the
central focus of culture andcentral focus of culture and
that humans can solve theirthat humans can solve their
own problems alone-withoutown problems alone-without
God.God.
9. Humanists believe that mankindHumanists believe that mankind
can bring world peace if eachcan bring world peace if each
person allows all others to liveperson allows all others to live
as they choose.as they choose.
Humanists consider ChristiansHumanists consider Christians
to be the worst offenders ofto be the worst offenders of
this train of thought.this train of thought.
10. Christians are taught that God’s Bible isChristians are taught that God’s Bible is
THE ABSOLUTE guide to life.THE ABSOLUTE guide to life.
Christians believe that all people mustChristians believe that all people must
repent of their sins and change theirrepent of their sins and change their
life to model that of Christ and rejectlife to model that of Christ and reject
any expression of culture that does notany expression of culture that does not
match the Bible’s standard.match the Bible’s standard.
11. After the flood, man did not scatterAfter the flood, man did not scatter
and fill the world with people.and fill the world with people.
Instead he chose to stay togetherInstead he chose to stay together
on the plains of the Euphrateson the plains of the Euphrates
River.River.
They became a humanistic society.They became a humanistic society.
They began building a worshipThey began building a worship
center, the Tower of Babel, tocenter, the Tower of Babel, to
promoter their man centeredpromoter their man centered
culture.culture.
12. The people of Babel were defyingThe people of Babel were defying
the Creation Mandatethe Creation Mandate andand werewere
living a human centeredliving a human centered
existence.existence.
God punished the people of BabelGod punished the people of Babel
by confusing their language.by confusing their language.
As a result, the people scatteredAs a result, the people scattered
and began to create their ownand began to create their own
unique cultures.unique cultures.
13. Wherever mountains and oceansWherever mountains and oceans
separated people, a new culture andseparated people, a new culture and
language developed.language developed.
There are approximately sixty-sixThere are approximately sixty-six
hundred languages spoken in thehundred languages spoken in the
world today.world today.
Speech patterns within a language canSpeech patterns within a language can
often vary considerably. These speechoften vary considerably. These speech
patterns are calledpatterns are called dialects.dialects.
14. Sometimes, different languagesSometimes, different languages
are so similar that they areare so similar that they are
mutually understandable.mutually understandable.
For example: Those who speakFor example: Those who speak
Portuguese can understandPortuguese can understand
Spanish with very littleSpanish with very little
difficulty.difficulty.
15. 10 Main Language10 Main Language
FamiliesFamilies
Indo-EuropeanIndo-European - 50%- 50% Sino-Tibetan – 22%Sino-Tibetan – 22%
Malay-Polynesian – 6%Malay-Polynesian – 6% Afro-Asiatic – 5%Afro-Asiatic – 5%
Niger-Kordofanian – 5%Niger-Kordofanian – 5% Dravidian – 4%Dravidian – 4%
Japanese/Korean – 3%Japanese/Korean – 3% Uralic & Altaic – 3%Uralic & Altaic – 3%
Austro-Asiatic – 1%Austro-Asiatic – 1% Nilo-Saharan – 0.2%Nilo-Saharan – 0.2%
Other 1% - Approximately 11 other sub groups.Other 1% - Approximately 11 other sub groups.
Including Native languages.Including Native languages.
16. Each of those families has subfamilies.Each of those families has subfamilies.
For example:For example:
““Germanic” is a subfamily of Indo-Germanic” is a subfamily of Indo-
European. It includes German,European. It includes German,
English, Swedish, Norwegian.English, Swedish, Norwegian.
““Romance” includes Latin, French,Romance” includes Latin, French,
Spanish, and ItalianSpanish, and Italian
17. Primitive societies relied onPrimitive societies relied on
word of mouth to transmitword of mouth to transmit
their culture.their culture.
Advanced societies haveAdvanced societies have
written languages to keepwritten languages to keep
more accurate andmore accurate and
complete records.complete records.
18. Before 1900, less than 10% ofBefore 1900, less than 10% of
the world was literate.the world was literate.
Now, around 75% of the world’sNow, around 75% of the world’s
population can read.population can read.
Most developed countries haveMost developed countries have
a literacy rate of grather thana literacy rate of grather than
95%.95%.
19. Mandarin, Hindi, and SpanishMandarin, Hindi, and Spanish
have more NATIVE speakers,have more NATIVE speakers,
but English is the leadingbut English is the leading
“second” language.“second” language.
The United Nations uses twoThe United Nations uses two
main languages for its primarymain languages for its primary
documents-English anddocuments-English and
French.French.
20. Culture also refers to distinctiveCulture also refers to distinctive
ways of doing things that areways of doing things that are
easily recognizable andeasily recognizable and
associated with definableassociated with definable
regions or groups.regions or groups.
AA culture regionculture region is a society thatis a society that
shares the same basic culture.shares the same basic culture.
21. Cultural regions are similar, but not theCultural regions are similar, but not the
same as continents.same as continents.
Eurasia is the exception-it is divided intoEurasia is the exception-it is divided into
four main culture regions.four main culture regions.
Two of those regions, Central EurasiaTwo of those regions, Central Eurasia
and the Middle East sit at theand the Middle East sit at the
crossroads of the world and havecrossroads of the world and have
been the focus of conflict throughoutbeen the focus of conflict throughout
history.history.
22. Human institutions have diverged fromHuman institutions have diverged from
the purpose of glorifying God to twothe purpose of glorifying God to two
extremes:extremes:
Glorifying groupsGlorifying groups
Glorifying the individualGlorifying the individual
Typically, Eastern civilizations value theTypically, Eastern civilizations value the
group, and Western civilizations valuegroup, and Western civilizations value
the individual.the individual.
23. FamilyFamily
The foundation of society is the family.The foundation of society is the family.
Every society honors the central role ofEvery society honors the central role of
the family.the family.
Western culture focuses on theWestern culture focuses on the nuclearnuclear
family – man, wife, children.family – man, wife, children.
Eastern culture focuses on theEastern culture focuses on the extendedextended
family – nuclear family plusfamily – nuclear family plus
grandparents, uncles, aunts andgrandparents, uncles, aunts and
cousins.cousins.
24. Fallen societies often take familyFallen societies often take family
responsibility to extremes – ancestorresponsibility to extremes – ancestor
worship, poligamy…worship, poligamy…
Western culture overemphasizes theWestern culture overemphasizes the
individual, leading to many brokenindividual, leading to many broken
families.families.
– Abortion and illegitimate children inAbortion and illegitimate children in
the name of women’s rights.the name of women’s rights.
– Divorce in the name of humanDivorce in the name of human
rights.rights.
25. ReligionReligion
A belief regarding theA belief regarding the
supernatural person or powersupernatural person or power
that has created and sustainedthat has created and sustained
the universe. It alsothe universe. It also
encompasses the system ofencompasses the system of
practices used to showpractices used to show
reverence to that person orreverence to that person or
power.power.
26. Religion gives a people itsReligion gives a people its
sense of purpose in life. Itsense of purpose in life. It
provides a set of beliefs and aprovides a set of beliefs and a
formal code of conduct aboutformal code of conduct about
how a person should worshiphow a person should worship
and live.and live.
Religion – or lack of religion –Religion – or lack of religion –
guides other expressions ofguides other expressions of
culture such as holidays, dressculture such as holidays, dress
and food preparation.and food preparation.
27. With so many religions, many wonderWith so many religions, many wonder
how they can find out what is true.how they can find out what is true.
The Christian view offers satisfying andThe Christian view offers satisfying and
consistent answers to man’sconsistent answers to man’s
problems. Humans are sinners. Godproblems. Humans are sinners. God
sent His only Son to die for their sins.sent His only Son to die for their sins.
He rose from the dead three daysHe rose from the dead three days
later. He longs for all people to believelater. He longs for all people to believe
and receive the free gift of eternal life.and receive the free gift of eternal life.
28. NationNation
A large group of people with aA large group of people with a
common history and languagecommon history and language
who have developed a strongwho have developed a strong
sense of identity.sense of identity.
29. Country – the land of the people.Country – the land of the people.
State – institution that governs theState – institution that governs the
people.people.
Tribe – large group, usually with aTribe – large group, usually with a
common ancestor, usually governedcommon ancestor, usually governed
by elders.by elders.
Nation-state – a nation that hasNation-state – a nation that has
established its own government.established its own government.
Empire – when one nation rules overEmpire – when one nation rules over
another.another.
Multinational states – governmentsMultinational states – governments
that rule over other nations.that rule over other nations.
30. Political maps show boundaries ofPolitical maps show boundaries of
a state around its people,a state around its people,
regardless of culture.regardless of culture.
Political boundaries – mark thePolitical boundaries – mark the
limit of a states authority.limit of a states authority.
Natural boundaries –Natural boundaries –
rivers/mountainsrivers/mountains
Geometric boundaries – follow aGeometric boundaries – follow a
geometric point or follow lines ofgeometric point or follow lines of
latitude and longitude.latitude and longitude.
31. Civil war – when the peopleCivil war – when the people
within a state’s borders fightwithin a state’s borders fight
their own government.their own government.
International wars – whenInternational wars – when
independent states fight eachindependent states fight each
other.other.
32. II.II.
Demography – study of humanDemography – study of human
populations and their characteristics.populations and their characteristics.
Vital statistics – official records of birth,Vital statistics – official records of birth,
death, marriage, divorce…death, marriage, divorce…
Census – official government counts ofCensus – official government counts of
people and populations.people and populations.
Surveys – Counts of small samples ofSurveys – Counts of small samples of
total populations.total populations.
33. Crude birthrate-number of children perCrude birthrate-number of children per
one thousand people.one thousand people.
Crude death rate – number of peopleCrude death rate – number of people
who die each year per one thousandwho die each year per one thousand
people.people.
Rate of natural increase – Subract theRate of natural increase – Subract the
number of deaths by the number ofnumber of deaths by the number of
births.births.
Life expectancy – number of years aLife expectancy – number of years a
person can expect to live.person can expect to live.
34. Infant mortality rate – rate of deathInfant mortality rate – rate of death
among children. This is found byamong children. This is found by
comparing the number of live births tocomparing the number of live births to
the number of infants who die in theirthe number of infants who die in their
first year.first year.
The lowest infant mortality rate is inThe lowest infant mortality rate is in
Singapore – 2.29Singapore – 2.29
The US infant mortality rate is 6.5The US infant mortality rate is 6.5
35. Urbanization – the growth of urbanUrbanization – the growth of urban
areas at the expense of rural areas.areas at the expense of rural areas.
Suburbs – an area between the urbanSuburbs – an area between the urban
and rural areas that offers a proximityand rural areas that offers a proximity
to urban benefits but without theto urban benefits but without the
problems.problems.
36. Population density – average number ofPopulation density – average number of
people who live on each square milepeople who live on each square mile
of land.of land.
Arable land – land that can be used toArable land – land that can be used to
plant crops.plant crops.
Physiological density – total populationPhysiological density – total population
compared to the arable land.compared to the arable land.
37. IIIIII
When the flood waters receded, andWhen the flood waters receded, and
Noah stepped off the ark, GodNoah stepped off the ark, God
instituted humaninstituted human government.government.
Government – rule of man over man.Government – rule of man over man.
God gave rulers the power of life andGod gave rulers the power of life and
death for the purpose of restrainingdeath for the purpose of restraining
violence. To show the value of humanviolence. To show the value of human
life.life.
38. The Bible defines the duties of theThe Bible defines the duties of the
government. Its basic responsibility isgovernment. Its basic responsibility is
to preserve order and protect itsto preserve order and protect its
citizens from violence by promotingcitizens from violence by promoting
good and punishing evil.good and punishing evil.
Justice – system of laws and courts toJustice – system of laws and courts to
settle disputessettle disputes
Defense – police force to protect lawDefense – police force to protect law
abiding citizens from domesticabiding citizens from domestic
criminals and a military force to protectcriminals and a military force to protect
against foreign attack.against foreign attack.
39. Authoritarian governments hold powerAuthoritarian governments hold power
by claiming an authority higher thanby claiming an authority higher than
the people they govern.the people they govern.
Monarchy – one ruler/king or queen,Monarchy – one ruler/king or queen,
given authority at birth.given authority at birth.
Absolute monarch rules as heAbsolute monarch rules as he
pleases.pleases.
Dictatorship – a person rules byDictatorship – a person rules by
authority of military. Allow noauthority of military. Allow no
opposition to their actions.opposition to their actions.
Totalitarian – Government makesTotalitarian – Government makes
decisions about ALL aspects of itsdecisions about ALL aspects of its
people’s lives.people’s lives.
40. Some authoritarian governmentsSome authoritarian governments
claim to be democracies.claim to be democracies.
The true test of a governmentThe true test of a government
“for the people” is free, fair,“for the people” is free, fair,
and regular elections.and regular elections.
Elected governments rely on theElected governments rely on the
consent of the people to keepconsent of the people to keep
their position.their position.
41. Pure democracy (direct) originated inPure democracy (direct) originated in
Greece. Every adult male citizen couldGreece. Every adult male citizen could
vote on every law and issue that camevote on every law and issue that came
before the government.before the government.
Modern nations are too large for a pureModern nations are too large for a pure
democratic government to be possible.democratic government to be possible.
Today’s democracy is based on anToday’s democracy is based on an
indirect or representative system. Theindirect or representative system. The
people elect representatives to speakpeople elect representatives to speak
for them. The people are allowed tofor them. The people are allowed to
voice their opinions or run for office.voice their opinions or run for office.
42. The most common form of modernThe most common form of modern
democracy is a limited ordemocracy is a limited or constitutionalconstitutional
monarchy.monarchy.
People have limited power of thePeople have limited power of the
monarch by law. He/she is more of amonarch by law. He/she is more of a
figure head.figure head.
The other type of representativeThe other type of representative
democracy is ademocracy is a republic.republic. RepublicsRepublics
elect their national leader whoelect their national leader who
supervises the bureaucracy while thesupervises the bureaucracy while the
legislature writes laws.legislature writes laws.
43. Every nation is concerned about itsEvery nation is concerned about its
relations with other nations. Therelations with other nations. The
set of principles guiding aset of principles guiding a
governments internationalgovernments international
relations is calledrelations is called foreign policy.foreign policy.
There are two ways to solveThere are two ways to solve
disputes:disputes:
war or negotiationswar or negotiations
44. Nations influence others byNations influence others by
foreign trade, foreign aide orforeign trade, foreign aide or
threat of military attack.threat of military attack.
Active troop strength-number ofActive troop strength-number of
full time soldiers.full time soldiers.
Annual defense spending –Annual defense spending –
amount spent on militaryamount spent on military
technology.technology.
45. Powerful nations often vie forPowerful nations often vie for
cultural and political leadershipcultural and political leadership
over their weaker neighbors.over their weaker neighbors.
They consider these neighbors toThey consider these neighbors to
be theirbe their sphere of influence.sphere of influence. TheyThey
wish to influence their decisions.wish to influence their decisions.
46. According to annual defenseAccording to annual defense
spending. The United States is thespending. The United States is the
only Super Power in the world. Do youonly Super Power in the world. Do you
believe this to be true?believe this to be true?
Alexander the Great, with less thanAlexander the Great, with less than
fifty thousand men defeated a Persianfifty thousand men defeated a Persian
army of more than a quarter of aarmy of more than a quarter of a
million men by relying on highmillion men by relying on high
discipline and superior tactics.discipline and superior tactics.
47. The US is a capitalistThe US is a capitalist
nation that thrives onnation that thrives on
trade. Therefore thetrade. Therefore the
spread of capitalism andspread of capitalism and
freedom is vital to ourfreedom is vital to our
national interests.national interests.
48. The first concern of US foreign policy isThe first concern of US foreign policy is
the seven leading world powers thatthe seven leading world powers that
have the most influence on worldhave the most influence on world
politics. (not in order)politics. (not in order)
1.1. RussiaRussia
2.2. FranceFrance
3.3. The United KingdomThe United Kingdom
4.4. GermanyGermany
5.5. ItalyItaly
6.6. ChinaChina
7.7. JapanJapan
49. The US is also concerned overThe US is also concerned over
militarized states.militarized states.
These countries have a large number ofThese countries have a large number of
soldiers and spend a large portion ofsoldiers and spend a large portion of
their GDP on weapons. These nationstheir GDP on weapons. These nations
may be poor, but they are dangerous.may be poor, but they are dangerous.
KoreaKorea
PakistanPakistan
IndiaIndia
50. Another area of concern are theAnother area of concern are the
nations that oppose the role ofnations that oppose the role of
the US as a super power andthe US as a super power and
reject democracy andreject democracy and
capitalism.capitalism.
51. The most dangerous of these areThe most dangerous of these are roguerogue
nationsnations. These nations ignore the. These nations ignore the
principles of international relations,principles of international relations,
use terrorism, chemical weapons, anduse terrorism, chemical weapons, and
any means necessary, even againstany means necessary, even against
their own people…their own people…
The two most common types areThe two most common types are
Communist countries like China andCommunist countries like China and
radical Muslim nations like Iran.radical Muslim nations like Iran.
52. Diplomacy – Art of negotiatingDiplomacy – Art of negotiating
agreements between nationsagreements between nations
Treaties – Formal agreementsTreaties – Formal agreements
between nations.between nations.
NATO – North Atlantic TreatyNATO – North Atlantic Treaty
OrganizationOrganization
UN – United NationsUN – United Nations
53. Major kinds of treaties:Major kinds of treaties:
Peace treatiesPeace treaties
Military alliancesMilitary alliances
54. Security CouncilSecurity Council
Five major allies of WWIIFive major allies of WWII
United StatesUnited States
United KindgomUnited Kindgom
FranceFrance
ChinaChina
RussiaRussia
55. These five countries hold the reinsThese five countries hold the reins
of power in the UN. They are theof power in the UN. They are the
permanent members of thepermanent members of the
Council and any one of them canCouncil and any one of them can
veto decisions of the Generalveto decisions of the General
Assembly. Therefore, the UNAssembly. Therefore, the UN
cannot make important decisionscannot make important decisions
without support from these fivewithout support from these five
countries.countries.
56. Because of Russia’s veto vote, the UNBecause of Russia’s veto vote, the UN
has been unable to step in duringhas been unable to step in during
dozens of military wars that Russiadozens of military wars that Russia
supported.supported.
It was America’s military involvementIt was America’s military involvement
that helped to contain communism andthat helped to contain communism and
bring about the final collapse of thebring about the final collapse of the
Soviet Empire.Soviet Empire.
The UN has proven itself weak in actingThe UN has proven itself weak in acting
against rogue nations.against rogue nations.
57. According to the principle ofAccording to the principle of self-self-
determinationdetermination, all peoples have the, all peoples have the
right to vote for the type of governmentright to vote for the type of government
they will have.they will have.
All nations are not made up of the sameAll nations are not made up of the same
people. Therefore, it is possible thatpeople. Therefore, it is possible that
thethe territorial integrityterritorial integrity of nations is atof nations is at
riskrisk
Territorial integrity-defensible borders.Territorial integrity-defensible borders.
58. Another flaw in Enlightenment isAnother flaw in Enlightenment is
that it fails to recognize that Godthat it fails to recognize that God
in His sovereignty has establishedin His sovereignty has established
each government. People shouldeach government. People should
live together despite theirlive together despite their
differences.differences.
The root problem is man’s sinfulThe root problem is man’s sinful
heart. The only solution to worldheart. The only solution to world
strife is a miraculous change ofstrife is a miraculous change of
heart.heart.
