2. 1. MEANING AND CHARACTERISTICS
OF GLOBALISATION

3. 1.1 MEANING OF GLOBALISATION

4. 1.1 MEANING OF GLOBALISATION
GLOBALISATION IS A PROCESS IN WHICH:

5. 1.1 MEANING OF GLOBALISATION
GLOBALISATION IS A PROCESS IN WHICH:
• TIME AND SPACE CONSTRAINTS DIMINISH. COUNTRIES
HAVE MORE FREQUENT, DIVERSE AND IMPORTANT
INTERACTIONS, THUS FORMING AN INTEGRATED WORLD.

6. 1.1 MEANING OF GLOBALISATION
GLOBALISATION IS A PROCESS IN WHICH:
• TIME AND SPACE CONSTRAINTS DIMINISH. COUNTRIES
HAVE MORE FREQUENT, DIVERSE AND IMPORTANT
INTERACTIONS, THUS FORMING AN INTEGRATED WORLD.
• PEOPLE, ORGNISATIONS, SOCIAL GROUPS IN DIFFERENT
PLACES BECOME MORE INTERDEPENDENT AND
INTERRELATED.

7. GLOBALISATION: A WORLDWIDE TREND
WHAT HAS GLOBALISATION TO DO WITH ME?
DOES GLOBALISATION AFFECT US?

8. GLOBALISATION: A WORLDWIDE TREND
LEADS TO ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL
CHANGES; ENCOURAGES:
WHAT HAS GLOBALISATION TO DO WITH ME?
DOES GLOBALISATION AFFECT US?

9. GLOBALISATION: A WORLDWIDE TREND
LEADS TO ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL
CHANGES; ENCOURAGES:
GLOBALISATION
WHAT HAS GLOBALISATION TO DO WITH ME?
DOES GLOBALISATION AFFECT US?

10. GLOBALISATION: A WORLDWIDE TREND
LEADS TO ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL
CHANGES; ENCOURAGES:
ECONOMIC
GLOBALISATION GLOBALISATION
WHAT HAS GLOBALISATION TO DO WITH ME?
DOES GLOBALISATION AFFECT US?

11. GLOBALISATION: A WORLDWIDE TREND
LEADS TO ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL
CHANGES; ENCOURAGES:
ECONOMIC POLITICAL
GLOBALISATION GLOBALISATION GLOBALISATION
WHAT HAS GLOBALISATION TO DO WITH ME?
DOES GLOBALISATION AFFECT US?

12. GLOBALISATION: A WORLDWIDE TREND
LEADS TO ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL
CHANGES; ENCOURAGES:
ECONOMIC POLITICAL
GLOBALISATION GLOBALISATION GLOBALISATION
CULTURAL
GLOBALISATION
WHAT HAS GLOBALISATION TO DO WITH ME?
DOES GLOBALISATION AFFECT US?

13. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION

14. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
A. BREAKING TIME AND SPACE CONSTRAINTS

15. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
A. BREAKING TIME AND SPACE CONSTRAINTS
• GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION NETWORK REDUCES THE
TIME AND SPACE BETWEEN PLACES

16. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
A. BREAKING TIME AND SPACE CONSTRAINTS
• GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION NETWORK REDUCES THE
TIME AND SPACE BETWEEN PLACES
• INFORMATION TRANSMISSION IS
NOT LIMITED BY TIME AND SPACE

17. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
A. BREAKING TIME AND SPACE CONSTRAINTS
• GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION NETWORK REDUCES THE
TIME AND SPACE BETWEEN PLACES
• INFORMATION TRANSMISSION IS
NOT LIMITED BY TIME AND SPACE
• EVENTS HAPPEN IN DIFFERENT
PLACES AFFECT EACH OTHER

18. ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES ARE LESS
RESTRICTED BY NATIONAL BORDERS

19. ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES ARE LESS
RESTRICTED BY NATIONAL BORDERS
Area Example
• Transnational activities are more frequent
Economic • Countries have to follow international
regulations
Political Counties jointly deal with global affairs
• Different cultures affect each other
Cultural
• A transnational culture is formed

20. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
B. INCREASING MOBILITY

21. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
B. INCREASING MOBILITY
• CAPITAL, RESOURCES AND GOODS FLOW ACROSS
BOUNDARIES

22. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
B. INCREASING MOBILITY
• CAPITAL, RESOURCES AND GOODS FLOW ACROSS
BOUNDARIES
• PEOPLE CAN TRAVEL TO, LIVE OR WORK IN OTHER
PLACES EASILY

23. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
B. INCREASING MOBILITY
• CAPITAL, RESOURCES AND GOODS FLOW ACROSS
BOUNDARIES
• PEOPLE CAN TRAVEL TO, LIVE OR WORK IN OTHER
PLACES EASILY
• INFORMATION CAN BE SPREAD QUICKLY FROM
PLACE TO PLACE

24. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
C. INCREASING INTERACTION AND EXCHANGE

25. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
C. INCREASING INTERACTION AND EXCHANGE
• PEOPLE HAVE MORE CHANCES TO INTERACT WITH
EACH OTHER

26. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
C. INCREASING INTERACTION AND EXCHANGE
• PEOPLE HAVE MORE CHANCES TO INTERACT WITH
EACH OTHER
• MORE ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL
INTEGRATION APPEARS BETWEEN COUNTRIES

27. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
D. INTERCONNECTING NETWORKS
ACROSS THE WORLD

28. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
D. INTERCONNECTING NETWORKS
ACROSS THE WORLD
• MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION

29. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
D. INTERCONNECTING NETWORKS
ACROSS THE WORLD
• MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION
• INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION

30. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
D. INTERCONNECTING NETWORKS
ACROSS THE WORLD
• MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION
• INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION
• INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANISATION

31. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
E. ESTABLISHMENT OF TRANSNATIONAL RULES

32. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
E. ESTABLISHMENT OF TRANSNATIONAL RULES
• INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS HAVE
GRADUALLY SET UP GLOBAL SYSTEMS:

33. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
E. ESTABLISHMENT OF TRANSNATIONAL RULES
• INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS HAVE
GRADUALLY SET UP GLOBAL SYSTEMS:
→ TO FACILITATE GLOBAL TRADE AND
FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES

34. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALISATION
E. ESTABLISHMENT OF TRANSNATIONAL RULES
• INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS HAVE
GRADUALLY SET UP GLOBAL SYSTEMS:
→ TO FACILITATE GLOBAL TRADE AND
FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES
→ TO FACILITATE NEGOTIATIONS

35. 1.3 DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS OF GLOBALISATION

36. 1.3 DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS OF GLOBALISATION
OPPORTUNITY

37. 1.3 DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS OF GLOBALISATION
• ENCOURAGING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
OPPORTUNITY

38. 1.3 DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS OF GLOBALISATION
• ENCOURAGING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
• PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH
OPPORTUNITY

39. 1.3 DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS OF GLOBALISATION
• ENCOURAGING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
• PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH
• ENCOURAGING CULTURAL INTERACTION
OPPORTUNITY

40. 1.3 DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS OF GLOBALISATION
• ENCOURAGING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
• PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH
• ENCOURAGING CULTURAL INTERACTION
• FACILITATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF
INTERNATIONAL NGOS
OPPORTUNITY

41. THREAT

42. THREAT
• UNEMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR
PROBLEMS

43. THREAT
• UNEMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR
PROBLEMS
• INCREASING INEQUALITY

44. THREAT
• UNEMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR
PROBLEMS
• INCREASING INEQUALITY
• THREATENING THE STABILITY OF
GLOBAL ECONOMY

45. THREAT
• UNEMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR
PROBLEMS
• INCREASING INEQUALITY
• THREATENING THE STABILITY OF
GLOBAL ECONOMY
• REDUCING POWER OF INDIVIDUAL
COUNTRIES

46. THREAT
• UNEMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR
PROBLEMS
• INCREASING INEQUALITY
• THREATENING THE STABILITY OF
GLOBAL ECONOMY
• REDUCING POWER OF INDIVIDUAL
COUNTRIES
• THREATENING WORLD PEACE

47. THREAT
• UNEMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR
PROBLEMS
• INCREASING INEQUALITY
• THREATENING THE STABILITY OF
GLOBAL ECONOMY
• REDUCING POWER OF INDIVIDUAL
COUNTRIES
• THREATENING WORLD PEACE
• REDUCING CULTURAL DIVERSITY

49. 2 FACTORS DRIVING GLOBALISATION

50. 2.1 ADVANCEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION
2.1 IS TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT AN
IMPORTANT FACTOR DRIVING
GLOBALISATION?

51. 2.1 ADVANCEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION
2.1 IS TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT AN
IMPORTANT FACTOR DRIVING
GLOBALISATION?
• BEFORE THE FIRST WORLD WAR

52. 2.1 ADVANCEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION
2.1 IS TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT AN
IMPORTANT FACTOR DRIVING
GLOBALISATION?
• BEFORE THE FIRST WORLD WAR
 ADVANCEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION
ENCOURAGED INTERNATIONAL TRADE

53. 2.1 ADVANCEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION
2.1 IS TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT AN
IMPORTANT FACTOR DRIVING
GLOBALISATION?
• BEFORE THE FIRST WORLD WAR
 ADVANCEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION
ENCOURAGED INTERNATIONAL TRADE
• AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR

54. 2.1 ADVANCEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION
2.1 IS TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT AN
IMPORTANT FACTOR DRIVING
GLOBALISATION?
• BEFORE THE FIRST WORLD WAR
 ADVANCEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION
ENCOURAGED INTERNATIONAL TRADE
• AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR
 AIR AND SEA TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES
IMPROVED, REDUCING TRANSPORTATION
COST

55. TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT

56. TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT
→ ENCOURAGES MERCHANDISE TRADE

57. TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT
→ ENCOURAGES MERCHANDISE TRADE
→ ENCOURAGES THE FLOW OF RESOURCES

58. TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT
→ ENCOURAGES MERCHANDISE TRADE
→ ENCOURAGES THE FLOW OF RESOURCES
→ ALLOWS CORPORATIONS TO PRODUCE AND SELL
PRODUCTS IN DIFFERENT PLACES

59. TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT
→ ENCOURAGES MERCHANDISE TRADE
→ ENCOURAGES THE FLOW OF RESOURCES
→ ALLOWS CORPORATIONS TO PRODUCE AND SELL
PRODUCTS IN DIFFERENT PLACES
GLOBAL ECONOMY BECOME
MORE INTEGRATED

60. IMPROVED TRANSPORT AND REDUCED COSTS

61. IMPROVED TRANSPORT AND REDUCED COSTS
→ FAVOUR THE FLOW OF LABOUR

62. IMPROVED TRANSPORT AND REDUCED COSTS
→ FAVOUR THE FLOW OF LABOUR
→ ENABLE TOURISM TO PROSPER

63. IMPROVED TRANSPORT AND REDUCED COSTS
→ FAVOUR THE FLOW OF LABOUR
→ ENABLE TOURISM TO PROSPER
→ ENCOURAGE CULTURAL INTERACTION

64. 2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
1. WHAT ROLES DO COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE
MASS MEDIA PLAY IN DRIVING GLOBALISATION?
2. DOES COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FLATTEN THE WORLD?

65. 2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
1. WHAT ROLES DO COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE
MASS MEDIA PLAY IN DRIVING GLOBALISATION?
2. DOES COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FLATTEN THE WORLD?
COMMUNICATION
TOOLS BECOME
MORE COMMON

66. 2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
1. WHAT ROLES DO COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE
MASS MEDIA PLAY IN DRIVING GLOBALISATION?
2. DOES COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FLATTEN THE WORLD?
COMMUNICATION COSTS OF
TOOLS BECOME COMMUNICATION
MORE COMMON ARE DECREASING

67. 2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
1. WHAT ROLES DO COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE
MASS MEDIA PLAY IN DRIVING GLOBALISATION?
2. DOES COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FLATTEN THE WORLD?
COMMUNICATION COSTS OF
TOOLS BECOME COMMUNICATION
MORE COMMON ARE DECREASING
PEOPLE COMMUNICATE WITH
EACH OTHER MORE
FREQUENTLY

68. WITH COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS CAN:

69. WITH COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS CAN:
 ARRANGE PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES IN DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES

70. WITH COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS CAN:
 ARRANGE PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES IN DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES
 TRANSFER RESOURCES AND CAPITAL TO ANY PLACE AT ANY
TIME

71. • THE INTERNET HAS CHANGED THE WAY INFORMATION IS
TRANSMITTED

72. • THE INTERNET HAS CHANGED THE WAY INFORMATION IS
TRANSMITTED
 PEOPLE CAN EASILY OBTAIN INFORMATION
AND SEND PERSONAL MESSAGE

73. • THE INTERNET HAS CHANGED THE WAY INFORMATION IS
TRANSMITTED
• THE INTERNET HAS CHANGED THE MODE OF INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
 PEOPLE CAN EASILY OBTAIN INFORMATION
AND SEND PERSONAL MESSAGE

74. • THE INTERNET HAS CHANGED THE WAY INFORMATION IS
TRANSMITTED
• THE INTERNET HAS CHANGED THE MODE OF INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
 PEOPLE CAN EASILY OBTAIN INFORMATION
AND SEND PERSONAL MESSAGE
 PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT
PARTS OF THE WORLD CAN
COMMUNICATE AND
EXCHANGE INFORMATION

75. 2.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE MASS MEDIA

76. 2.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE MASS MEDIA
• TELEVISION BROADCAST, SATELLITE AND
THE INTERNET ARE NOW COMMON

77. 2.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE MASS MEDIA
• TELEVISION BROADCAST, SATELLITE AND
THE INTERNET ARE NOW COMMON
→! PEOPLE CAN RECEIVE MEDIA
INFORMATION FROM ALL OVER THE
WORLD

78. 2.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE MASS MEDIA
• TELEVISION BROADCAST, SATELLITE AND
THE INTERNET ARE NOW COMMON
→! PEOPLE CAN RECEIVE MEDIA
INFORMATION FROM ALL OVER THE
WORLD
→! PEOPLE CAN LEARN ABOUT OTHER
LIFESTYLES AND CULTURES

79. 2.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE MASS MEDIA
• TELEVISION BROADCAST, SATELLITE AND
THE INTERNET ARE NOW COMMON
→! PEOPLE CAN RECEIVE MEDIA
INFORMATION FROM ALL OVER THE
WORLD
→! PEOPLE CAN LEARN ABOUT OTHER
LIFESTYLES AND CULTURES
→! PEOPLE CAN LEARN ABOUT IMPORTANT
EVENTS AROUND THE WORLD

80. • RADIO AND TELEVISION COMMERCIALS

81. • RADIO AND TELEVISION COMMERCIALS
→! SPREAD OF
CONSUMERISM

82. • RADIO AND TELEVISION COMMERCIALS
→! SPREAD OF
CONSUMERISM
• MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
MARKET THEIR PRODUCTS IN
DIFFERENT PLACES

83. • RADIO AND TELEVISION COMMERCIALS
→! SPREAD OF
CONSUMERISM
→! PEOPLE’S LIFESTYLES
ARE BECOMING SIMILAR
• MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
MARKET THEIR PRODUCTS IN
DIFFERENT PLACES

84. • RADIO AND TELEVISION COMMERCIALS
→! SPREAD OF
CONSUMERISM
→! PEOPLE’S LIFESTYLES
ARE BECOMING SIMILAR
→! DEGREE OF CULTURAL
INTEGRATION IS
INCREASING
• MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
MARKET THEIR PRODUCTS IN
DIFFERENT PLACES

85. 2.4 EMERGENCE OF MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATIONS

86. 2.4 EMERGENCE OF MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATIONS

87. 2.4 EMERGENCE OF MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
• FORM A GLOBAL
PRODUCTION NETWORK

88. 2.4 EMERGENCE OF MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
• FORM A GLOBAL
PRODUCTION NETWORK
• FORM SALES
NETWORKS
THROUGHOUT THE
WORLD

89. 2.4 EMERGENCE OF MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
• FORM A GLOBAL
PRODUCTION NETWORK
• FORM SALES
NETWORKS
THROUGHOUT THE
WORLD
→! DIFFERENT ECONOMIES BECOME
MORE INTERDEPENDENT

90. • MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS INVEST
IN DIFFERENT PLACES

91. • MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS INVEST
IN DIFFERENT PLACES
 GLOBALISATION EXTENDS TO
DEVELOPING COUNTRY

92. • MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS INVEST
IN DIFFERENT PLACES
 GLOBALISATION EXTENDS TO
DEVELOPING COUNTRY
 CONCEPTS AND CULTURES OF THE
FREE ECONOMY AND MARKET
MECHANISM ARE SPREAD TO THESE
COUNTRIES

93. 2.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATIONS
1. HOW DO THE WORLD BANK AND INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND CONTRIBUTE TO GLOBALISATION?
2. DO INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS DRIVE
GLOBALISATION?

94. 2.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATIONS
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
1. HOW DO THE WORLD BANK AND INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND CONTRIBUTE TO GLOBALISATION?
2. DO INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS DRIVE
GLOBALISATION?

95. 2.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATIONS
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
• WORLD BANK
1. HOW DO THE WORLD BANK AND INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND CONTRIBUTE TO GLOBALISATION?
2. DO INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS DRIVE
GLOBALISATION?

96. 2.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATIONS
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
• WORLD BANK
• INTERNATIONAL MONETARY
FUND (IMF)
1. HOW DO THE WORLD BANK AND INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND CONTRIBUTE TO GLOBALISATION?
2. DO INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS DRIVE
GLOBALISATION?

97. 2.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATIONS
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
• WORLD BANK
• INTERNATIONAL MONETARY
FUND (IMF)
• WORLD TRADE
ORGANISATION (WTO)
1. HOW DO THE WORLD BANK AND INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND CONTRIBUTE TO GLOBALISATION?
2. DO INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS DRIVE
GLOBALISATION?

98. 2.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATIONS
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
• WORLD BANK
• INTERNATIONAL MONETARY
SUPPORT TRADE
FUND (IMF)
LIBERALISATION
• WORLD TRADE
ORGANISATION (WTO)
1. HOW DO THE WORLD BANK AND INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND CONTRIBUTE TO GLOBALISATION?
2. DO INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS DRIVE
GLOBALISATION?

99. • TRADE LIBERALISATION

100. • TRADE LIBERALISATION
→
COUNTRIES NEED TO REDUCE IMPORT
AND EXPORT RESTRICTIONS

101. • TRADE LIBERALISATION
• THE WORLD BANK, IMF AND WTO GUIDE
COUNTRIES TO SET UP POLICIES THAT ARE
IN LINE WITH TRADE LIBERALISATION
→
COUNTRIES NEED TO REDUCE IMPORT
AND EXPORT RESTRICTIONS

102. • TRADE LIBERALISATION
• THE WORLD BANK, IMF AND WTO GUIDE
COUNTRIES TO SET UP POLICIES THAT ARE
IN LINE WITH TRADE LIBERALISATION
→
COUNTRIES NEED TO REDUCE IMPORT
AND EXPORT RESTRICTIONS
• THE SCALE OF THE U.N. AND ITS RELATED
SPECIALISED ORGANISATIONS HAS BEEN
INCREASING

103. INTERNATIONAL
NGOS

104. INTERNATIONAL
NGOS
• RAISE INTERNATIONAL CONCERN TOWARDS
GLOBAL ISSUE

105. INTERNATIONAL
NGOS
• RAISE INTERNATIONAL CONCERN TOWARDS
GLOBAL ISSUE
• ALLOW PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES TO
BE AWARE OF THEIR ROLE AS GLOBAL
CITIZENS

106. 2.6 EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL ISSUES

107. 2.6 EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL ISSUES
• GLOBAL ISSUES ARE MAINLY THE RESULT OF
THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF
MODERN CIVILISATIONS

108. 2.6 EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL ISSUES
• GLOBAL ISSUES ARE MAINLY THE RESULT OF
THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF
MODERN CIVILISATIONS
 E.G. POLLUTION, ENERGY SHORTAGES

109. 2.6 EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL ISSUES
• GLOBAL ISSUES ARE MAINLY THE RESULT OF
THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF
MODERN CIVILISATIONS
 E.G. POLLUTION, ENERGY SHORTAGES
• THESE ISSUES CAN ONLY BE SOLVED
THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
AND NEGOTIATIONS

110. END