Anerobic digetion
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Anerobic digetion
- 1. TARUN B PATEL ME ENERGY ENGINEERING 140190739009 GUIDED BY – Dr K V Modi GEC VALSAD ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF WASTE TO PRODUCE BIOGAS
- 2. CONTENTS • Paper reviewed • Work/System Description • Performance/Result • Conclusion
- 3. PAPER REVIEWED • Jagadish H Patil et al “Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Water Hyacinth and Sheep Waste”, Energy Procedia 52 ( 2014 ) 572 – 578. • Salma A. Iqbal et al “Anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste to produce biogas”, Procedia Engineering 90 ( 2014 ) 657 – 662.
- 4. REVIEW I • The possibility was explored to mix water hyacinth with sheep waste in different combinations for anaerobic co-digestion. Energy generated as biogas and digested sludge can be used as fertilizer for agricultural applications. • Pre-treatment of water hyacinth was done by alkali(NaOH) method. • Anaerobic co-digestion was carried out in mesophilic temperature range of 30°C to 37°C with different fermentation slurries of 8% total solids. • Co-digestion was carried for a retention period of 60 days. • The gas produced was collected by the downward displacement of water, and was subsequently measured and analyzed.
- 5. MATERIAL & METHODS • Sample collections • Materials/Instruments • weighing balance (Systronics), gas chromatography (CHEMITO), pH meter (Systronics), Thermometer (range 00C to 1000C), Borosilicate desiccators, silica glass crucibles, oven, grinding mill, temperature controlled water bath, water troughs, graduated transparent glass gas collectors and biogas burner fabricated locally for checking gas flammability. • pH analysis • A glass electrode pH meter (Systronics)
- 6. CONTI… • Total Solids (TS) and total volatile solids (VS) analysis • TS were determined at 1040C to constant weight and VS were measured by the loss on ignition of the dried sample at 5500C • Biogas analysis • Gas chromatograph (Chemito 1000) equipped with a thermal conductivity detector, Hydrogen was used as a carrier gas (25 ml/min) with porapak Q column. Standard calibration gas mixture was used for calibration, The oven temperature of 400C ,detection temperature of 800C and the detector current of 180 mA were used.
- 7. CONTI… Biomethanation unit A temperature controlled thermo bath which is maintained at 35 0C and has a battery of bio- digester. Each bio-digester is connected to a means of connecting tube. A stand holds all the gas collectors. Biogas evolved is collected by downward water displacement.
- 8. CONTI… • Solids analysis • Inoculums • Pre-digested material from earlier experiments was used as inoculum for early start up of bio-methanation process.
- 9. CONTI… • Fermentation Slurry and Inoculums preparation
- 10. CONTI… • Volatile Solids added to digesters
- 11. RESULTS
- 12. CONTI… • Analysis of biogas • Biogas analysis was done for chief components CH4 and CO2 for biogas evolved from the digester SW3. 60.84%, 21.53% and 17.63%
- 13. CONCLUSIONS • Water hyacinth is a very good biogas producer needs minimal pre- treatment (soaking in NaOH solution, drying and grinding) to enhance the biogas yield. • Anaerobic co-digestion of dried and ground water hyacinth with sheep waste improved biogas yield.
- 14. REVIEW II • The research work was conducted to investigate the production ability of biogas as an alternative energy from Kitchen Waste (KW) with co- digestion of cow manure (CM) through anaerobic digestion (AD). • First, three digesters were prepared to observe the individual degradation rate of KW, CM and co-digested KW with CM at room temperature (25°C-30° C) and at temperature of 37°C (mesophilic digestion) respectively. • Secondly, three digesters were constructed to observe the effect of alkalinity at temperature 37° C and loading rate 200 gm/L. • Three alkali (NaOH) doses 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% on wet matter basis of kitchen waste were applied to improve biodegradability and biogas production.
- 15. MATERIAL & METHODS • Waste collection and processing • Experimental set-up
- 16. CONTI… • Lab scale experiment
- 17. CONTI… • Pilot scale experiment
- 18. RESULTS
- 19. CONCLUSIONS • Under mesophilic digestion (37°C) maximum biogas production was produced under the conditions- OLR 200 gm/L and KW treated with 1.5% NaOH. • Finally, a portable biogas reactor was fabricated and it was working efficiently under the optimum conditions. • The anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste with cow manure is demonstrated to be an attractive method for environmental protection and energy savings, but it is clear that with applying better equipment and adjustment of conditions more reasonable results can be obtained.
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Fresh water hyacinth that was initially collected and it was chopped in to small sizes of about 2cm. The alkali (NaOH) treatment was effected by soaking chopped water hyacinth in 1% NaOH (by volume) solution. After two days the alkaline solution was removed and leaves were allowed to dry up under the sun followed by drying in oven at 60 for 6 hours. The oven dried water hyacinth was then ground to fine powder. Material balance was made and different slurries with 8% total solids were prepared by varying the amount of water hyacinth and sheep waste. The contents of each digester are shown in the Table 2.
- Volatile solids are the part of organic matter that undergoes biodegradation to yield biogas. More is the volatile solids present more the production of biogas. Table 3 gives the volatile solids added to different digesters.
- The quantity of cumulative biogas production with time for all the digesters is given in Table 4. As shown in Fig. 2, digesters SW1, SW2, SW3 and SW4 commenced biogas production from 5th day and evolved flammable biogas from 9th day. While digester WHB which serves as blank for WH commenced biogas production after 10 days and evolved flammable biogas on 14th day. The highest biogas yield was for digester SW3 (0.36 l/gVS). This performance could be because of optimum balance between the anaerobic bacterial consortium and amount of VS (6.26 g). This indicates co-digestion of water hyacinth and primary sludge improves biogas yield significantly
- KW was collected from different halls of Shahjalal University of Science & Technology (SUST) and Surma residential area, Sylhet and kept in digesters to produce biogas through AD. CM was collected from nearby village. In kitchen waste, total amount of rotten vegetables and rotten rices were near about 70%. Potatoes, eggs, fruits etc. were relatively low in mass. After removing the bones, plastic bags, metals and inorganic residues, wastes were cut into small size in order to reduce size to get efficient biogas production [7]. Then these wastes were mashed into pest by using hopper. A simple lab-scale experiment was fabricated using ten digesters. Each digester was made of glass. The volume of each digester was 1 L and working volume was 0.5 L. In this study the volume of produced gas was measured by water displacement method considering the volume of the generated gas equal to that of expelled water in the water collector. Each digester was connected to water chamber (plastic bottles) by a plastic pipe (gas pipe) which was used to pass the produced gas into water chamber. Another plastic pipe (water pipe) was used to take the displaced water from the water chamber to the water collector which was fitted air sealed by M-seal. Both the ends of the gas pipe were inserted just at the top of the digester and the water chamber. The water pipe was inserted just bottom of the water chamber and top of water collector. The set up is illustrated in figure 1.