1. NEOLITHIC AGE UP TO 2000 BCE STONE TOOLS, SETTLEMENTS, DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS, DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE

2. INDO-EUROPEAN INVASION AFTER 2000 BCE - EUROPE’S GENETIC ANCESTORS INVADE FROM CENTRAL ASIA. 2000 BCE - BRONZE AGE 1000 BCE - IRON AGE

3. ANCIENT TIMES

4. ANCIENT TIMES 500 BCE - 500 CE THIS SPANS THE HIGH POINTS OF GREEK AND ROMAN CULTURE

5. THE MIDDLE AGES

7. MODERN TIMES 1500-PRESENT

8. CLASSIC AGE DEF. - THE AGE DURING WHICH A CIVILIZATION DEVELOPED ITS POLITICAL, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL VALUES AND IDEALS

9. GOLDEN AGE THE TIME DURING WHICH A CIVILIZATION REACHED THE ZENITH OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND REGIONAL OR GLOBAL INFLUENCE

10. THE GREEKS

11. GREEK ACHIEVEMENTS: *GAVE BIRTH TO MODERN POLITICAL SCIENCE *CLASSICAL VIRTUES - MODERATION IS IDEAL

12. *ART & ARCHITECTURE - REFLECTED BALANCE, SYMMETRY, ORDER, AND CONTROL OVER NATURE

13. GREEK CONTRIBUTIONS CONT’D *LANGUAGE - ORGANIZED AND PLANNED FOR EFFECT - I.E. POETRY *SCIENCE - SOUGHT RATIONAL EXPLANATIONS FOR WHAT THEY SAW AND EXPERIENCED - DEBUNKED MYTHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS *ARISTOTLE(384-322 BCE) - CODIFIED (WROTE DOWN, EXPLAINED) GREEK THOUGHT *ALEXANDER THE GREAT - SPREAD GREEK CIVILIZATION THROUGHOUT THE MEDITERRANEAN

14. THE ROMANS * CONQUERED GREEKS IN 146 BCE *SPREAD ACROSS MEDITERRANEAN WORLD, N. AFRICA, MIDDLE EAST *POLITICALLY UNITED VAST, MULTI-ETHNIC REGION AND ESTABLISHED PEACE - PAX ROMANA *ITALY & WEST SPOKE LATIN, EAST SPOKE GREEK

15. ROMAN LAW * NO PARTICULAR CULTURE OR CUSTOM WAS INTRINSICALLY “RIGHT” *NATURAL LAW - A HIGHER, UNIVERSAL LAW EXISTS BY WHICH DECISIONS COULD BE MADE - IT IS DERIVED FROM HUMAN NATURE AND REASON *NATURAL LAW WAS TO BE ADMINISTERED MY ENLIGHTENED INDIVIDUALS & WAS THE SOURCE OF THEIR POWER

16. ROMAN EMPIRE’S GREATEST TERRITORIAL EXTENT (180 CE)

17. COMING OF CHRISTIANITY *EMERGED FROM PALESTINE *SPREAD AMONG POOR - MESSAGE WAS THAT ALL HUMANS WERE EQUAL IN SPIRIT *CONSTANTINE CONVERTED AROUND 312, EMPIRE FOLLOWED SUIT OFFICIALLY AROUND 400 *CHRISTIAN DOCTRINES CONFLICTED WITH SOME ROMAN TRADITIONS

18. CONTROVERSIAL CHRISTIANITY * MONOTHEISM VS. POLYTHEISM *ANTI-MATERIALISTIC *ACCEPTED IMPERFECTION *ATTACKED DUAL NATURE OF EMPEROR AS RELIGIOUS AND CIVIL LEADER (CAESAROPAPISM)

19. SAINT AUGUSTINE * CITY OF GOD - BOOK THAT DISCUSSED THE DUALISTIC CONCEPT OF CHRISTIANITY - THERE IS A TEMPORARY, EARTHLY EXISTENCE AND AN ETERNAL HEAVENLY EXISTENCE