Mobile Internet Standards

Mobile Website Development
Mobile Internet Standards
Facilitated by:
Michael Wakahe
July 2011

Table of Contents
 Introduction to Mobile Web Standards
 Structure
 Presentation
 Client Side Scripting
 MIME Types
 Standardization Bodies
Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights
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Introduction to Mobile
Web Standards
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Mobile Web Standards
 Fundamentally, there is one Web.
 Its content is standardized markup, styles, scripts,
and multimedia viewable using web browsers.
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 A standards-based approach to Mobile Web
development ensures compliance and usability
across mobile browsers & platforms.
 Knowing all the rules & knowing when to ignore the
rules is necessary for success on the Mobile Web.
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 Various standards involved in:
 Structure
 Presentation
 Client Side Scripting
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Structure
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 XML-formatted markup defines the document
structure
 Handsets may support WML, XHTML, HTML4, HTML5
in varying degrees
 These XML standards have various versions &
derivations
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 Previously WML was dominant, now best
results with XHTML MP
 Specifically XHTML MP 1.0
 Most modern phones support WAP 2.0, which
uses XHTML MP as the primary markup
language while WAP 1.0 used WML.
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 XHTML-MP (Extensible Hypertext Markup
Language - Mobile Profile) is a specialization
XHTML designed to incorporate features
useful to mobile devices.
 XHTML-MP 1.0 was defined by the OMA and is
an extension of the original W3C-inspired
XHTML Basic 1.0.
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 Over time, OMA has developed XHTML-MP
and now has a proposed 1.2 version of its
specification.
 XHTML-MP comes with a mobile-friendly
means of using CSS to separate presentation
from the markup, just like on the desktop.
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 XHTML-MP 1.0 sets the base tags for mobile
markup.
 XHTML-MP 1.1 adds the <script> tag and
support for mobile JavaScript.
 XHTML-MP 1.2 adds more form tags and text
input modes.
 Currently many mobile browsers do not
support XHTML-MP 1.2.
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 Mobile Web sites targeting only smartphones
can use the full feature set of HTML 4 & in the
near future, HTML 5.
 Using desktop markup also invites
transcoders - network appliances designed to
optimize the Desktop Web for mobile devices
by reformatting markup
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 HTML 5 is the next major release of the foundational
language of the Web.
 It is currently a draft recommendation undergoing
active revision at the W3C
(http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/)
 HTML 5 will be the next standard for markup and
APIs supported in Web browsers.
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Presentation
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 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) control the
presentation.
 Most XHTML-MP mobile browsers support Wireless
CSS, CSS Mobile Profile, and/or CSS 2.
 CSS 3 is new, coming along with HTML5
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 The OMA-managed Wireless CSS standard is a
subset of CSS and is also part of the WAP 2.0
specification.
 Note that Wireless CSS is not backwards
compatible with WML.
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 Wireless CSS and CSS Mobile Profile are tightly
related, but independent mobile subsets of
CSS2 used to style XHTML-MP documents.
 Wireless CSS is a CSS2 subset standardized by
the Open Mobile Alliance.
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 CSS Mobile Profile is a CSS2 subset—with
some features borrowed from CSS3—that is
standardized by the W3C.
 The W3C’s goal is to align CSS Mobile Profile
with Wireless CSS as much as possible.
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 Overall, Wireless CSS is a more restricted subset and
an older standard targeted at Web browsers on
resource-limited mobile devices.
 CSS Mobile Profile adds in much more of the CSS2
standard to enable richer web documents but risks
full support on mass market mobile browsers.
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 You can add Wireless CSS to your document the same way as
you would for a normal HTML document.
 Link to an external global stylesheet using the following line:
 <link href="external.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
 Insert styles at the document head the following example
shows:
 <style>
 p {
 font-size: small;
 }
 </style>
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 Wireless CSS supports a lot CSS attributes, but
not all of them.
 More advanced styling techniques won’t likely
work across multiple mobile browsers.
 The best advice is to keep your CSS as simple
as possible.
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Client Side Scripting
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 Client-side scripting mainly through Javascript
 ECMAScript-MP or mobile JavaScript targets mobile
phones
 WMLScript is a scripting language which
complements WML.
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 Client-side scripting in mobile browsers used to be
the exclusive domain of smartphones, but this is
rapidly changing.
 Many mass-market mobile devices beginning to
support mobile JavaScript.
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 As with any client-side mobile technology, testing
JavaScript on actual mobile devices is critical for
effective development
 Testing on emulators and in Firefox might not
uncover syntax problems and performance issues
that can occur on the target mobile device.
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 Mobile and desktop JavaScript have virtually
identical syntax.
 The mobile version is stringent about ending
lines with semicolons.
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 Mobile JavaScript reduces the supported
character sets and excludes computationally
intensive language elements.
 It differs from its desktop counterpart in the
extent of its DOM and event support in the
mobile browser.
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 DOM and event support can vary from one
browser vendor and version to another.
 On-device testing is critical for success with
mobile JavaScript.
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 You can use device awareness and content
adaptation techniques that enable conditional
inclusion of scripting to target only mobile
browsers with support for JavaScript.
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MIME Types
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 Mobile MIME types (or content types) identify
the format of Mobile Web content.
 Formats are differentiated by web servers and
browser clients in an HTTP transaction using
MIME types
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 Text documents containing mobile markup
 Binary files include viewable or playable
content like ringtones, wallpaper and videos,
and binary executable mobile applications
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Standardization Bodies
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 Mobile Industry Groups and Standards Bodies
adherence to Mobile Web industry standards and
best practices is important for flexible and cross-
platform development.
 Several Internet and mobile industry bodies govern
Mobile Web standards and recommended best
practices
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 W3C: This body standardizes mobile markup
languages and publishes best practices documents
for Mobile Web development and testing.
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 Open Mobile Alliance (formerly WAP Forum): This
body standardizes mobile markup and style
languages and other mobile technologies designed
to be interoperable across devices, geographies, and
mobile networks.
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 dotMobi (http://mtld.mobi): This body controls the
.mobi top-level domain, the content of which must
be device-adaptive and compatible with mobile
devices.
 This body also publishes best practices for Mobile
Web development and nurtures mobile developers,
marketers, and operators with online communities.
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 Mobile Marketing Association: This body
centralizes technology recommendations and
best practices for marketing and advertising
on mobile devices.
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 Open Mobile Terminal Platform (OMTP)
(www.omtp.org): This operator-sponsored
mobile industry group standardizing mobile
device access from Web applications.
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The End
Michael Wakahe
michael@tawi.mobi
+254 (0) 20 239 3052
www.tawi.mobi
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Mobile Internet Standards

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