1. SMART CARD
Namrata Pinjarkar, Arti mahadule
MCA Department, Nagpur University, G.H.Raisoni Institutute Of Information Technology,
Nam.pin222@gmail.com, Arti.Mahadule@gmail.com
Memory), which can have its content
updated, and which retains current
Abstract - Smart Cards are plastic credit cards devices with
an integrated circuit chip with microprocessor. These
smarts cards have the techanism for storing and/or
processing information. Intelligent Tokens (iButton) are
high capacity general-purpose electronic data carriers, each
with a unique registration number. They have the same
components as smart cards but are shielded by a steel case.
I. INTRODUCTION
The smart card is one of the latest additions to the world of
information technology. Similar in size to today's plastic
payment card, the smart card has a microprocessor or
memory chip embedded in it that, when coupled with a
reader, has the processing power to serve many different
applications. As an access- control device, smart cards
make personal and business data available only to the
appropriate users. Another application provides users with
the ability to make a purchase or exchange value. Smart
cards provide data portability, security and convenience. A
smart card is a piece of plastic, the same size as a credit or
debit card, with a silicon chip embedded in it. The chip
contains a microprocessor, which is miniature computer
which can perform calculation and store data in its
memory. Smart cards today achieve much more than their
original application of replacing cash and coins.
Smart cards grant access to secure areas, confirm a
person’s identity via biometrics, and retain large quantities
of personal data (such as medical records.) More important
than these specific applications are the recent trends in
how the smart cards are used – to facilitate the exchange of
information between customer and proprietor, which is
much broader than the concluding financial transaction.
II. SMART CARD
Smart cards are plastic cards that contain a computer
chip. Smart cards store larger amounts of information
than Magnetic stripe cards. They can also update this
information and secure it at a higher level than a
magnetic stripe.
The main storage area in this cards is normally EEPROM
(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only
2. contents when external power is removed. Newer Smart
Card chips, sometimes, also have math co-processors
integrated into the microprocessor chip, which is able to
Fig1 smartcard
perform quite complex encryption routines relatively subsystem
quickly. The chip connection is either through direct
physical contact or remotely via a contact less
electromagnetic interface.
A. Types of smart card-
Smart cards are tamper resistant,
credit card size devices that include
an integrated circuit chip to provide
data storage and processing. Most
smart cards require an external
interface to provide communications,
power, and clock cycles. There are
many different types of cards and
card characteristics by which they
can be distinguished. In this paper,
the cards will be broken up into two
major categories: contact smart cards
and contactless smart cards.
3. The combicard (also known as the dual-interface card) is a card with
both contact and contactless interfaces. With this card, it becomes
possible to access the same chip via a contact or contactless interface,
with a very high level of security. It may incorporate two non-
communicating chips - one for each interface - but preferably has a
single, dual -interface chip providing the many advantages of a single
e-purse, single operating architecture, etc. The mass transportation
and banking industries are expected to be the first to take advantage of
this technology. Memory cards are ICCs designed to store and protect
information on the card. The cards can hold considerably more data
than the magnetic stripes currently on credit cards and provide enough
logic to protect that data from unauthorized read and/or write access.
Microprocessor Cards contain a true CPU and RAM to allow for data
processing other than just the protection of the data from unauthorized
access. Some of these cards specialize in the math calculations
A contactless Smart Card looks just like a plastic “credit card” with a required for cryptography functions, others are made to support
computer chip and an antenna coil embedded within the card. This antenna specific programming languages such as Java cards, and others are
allows it to communicate with an external antenna at the transaction point made to do
to transfer information. The antenna is typically 3 - 5 turns of very thin both.
wire (or conductive ink), connected to the contactless chip. This aerial coil
of the antenna is laminated into the card and allows communication even
whilst the card is retained within a wallet or handbag. The same activation B. Smart Card Interfaces:
method applies to watches, pendants, baggage tags and buttons. Thus no
electrical contacts are needed and it is therefore called as "contactless" A smart card interface consists of a predefined set of services
ISO/IEC 14443 is the standard for contactless smart card communications. available within a smart card, the protocols necessary to invoke the
It defines two types of contactless cards (A and B). services, and any assumptions regarding the context of the services.
With respect to smart cards, the term "interface" is similar to how it is
used in COM, which in turn is similar in concept to the ISO 7816/5
application identifier but with a different scope.
Each smart card interface is identified by a globally unique identifier
(GUID). For example, an interface might be defined that provides
biorhythm information to its holder. If a given smart card supports this
service, then it may claim to support that interface GUID. Using the
interface GUIDs, an application may search for a particular set of
interfaces, locating any card that supports that set, to complete a task.
Although an interface has one GUID, it might be implemented
differently on different cards. For example, the biorhythm interface
mentioned above can have several different implementations, yet all
are referenced using the same GUID. The different implementations
Two new categories, derived from the contact and contactless cards are would not change the interaction between the application and the
combi cards and hybrid cards. smart card; however, the interaction between the service provider and
the smart cards may differ depending on the interface's
A hybrid Smart Card has two chips, each with its respective contact andimplementation.
contactless interface. The two chips are not connected, but for many
applications, this Hybrid serves the needs of consumers and card issuers.
4. C. Advantages-
Flexibilit III. FUTURE
o y
o More Reliable The important thing about Smart Cards is that they are everyday
objects that people can carry in their pockets, yet they have the
o Disposable or reusable
capacity to retain and protect critical information stored in electronic
o Perform multiple functions form. The “smartness” of Smart Cards comes from the integrated
Portabilit circuit embedded in the plastic card. Embedding similar circuits in
o y other everyday objects, such as key rings, watches, glasses, rings or
o Increase data storage capacity earrings, could perform the same electronic function. The development
of contactless card technology was the catalyst for what is known as
o Cannot be copied
tags. Tags function like contactless Smart Cards but are in the form of
o Has wide range of application a coin, a ring or even a baggage label. They are generally attached to
semi objects such as gas bottles, cars or animals and can hold and protect
o Evolves rapidly applying - information concerning that object. This allows the object to be
conductor
technology managed by an information system without any manual data handling.
The use of Biometrics will soon mean that his/her hand, fingerprint
o It is a encryption device and the retina of the eye or the sound of the voice can reliably identify
15 Secure token to authenticate a person. Soon it will be possible to authorize the use of electronic
15 Low running cost information in Smart Cards by using a spoken word or the touch of a
hand.
15 Faster
When you put your clothes on in the morning there will be no coins
4. Uses- Smart Cards have many different uses, a few examples
being: rolling on the floor, you don’t hav to search for the car keys, your
wallet will not make your pockets or purse heavy. You just have your
15 For banking (credit card) Personal Universal Smart Card(PUSC) in your pocket. A gizmo on the
door will radio-check that you have it while going out, and unlock the
o For public telephone operation (phone card) door when you'll come back.
15 For cell phone operation and purchasing of pre-paid air
time (SIM card and Vodacom or MTN air time card) Also, Smart Card readers will be appearing on the PC and
o For paying TV licenses (Super Card)
will enable the user to pay for goods purchased over the Internet. This
o For shopping at chain stores (Clicks, will be especially useful for small value purchases, which are not
Edgar’s, Woolworths, etc.) really appropriate for credit card transactions. If you have products
o For use at filling stations (Petrol Cards) o that have relatively low value - for example a few pages of
information about your product that customers may pay 50c for - they
For health care card
may well pay you in the future using a Smart Card.
o Government card
As a smart infrastructure for mobile computing, Smart Card
o Automatic public transport fare collection o
technologies will prove to be the killer application for the networked
Customer loyalty card economy. The Smart Card will be "charged up" with money and you
will use it as you do cash or a phone card. In the near future, the
E. Security-
traditional magnetic strip card will be replaced and integrated together
into a single card by using the multi-application Smart Card, which is
When software and PC hardware are hacked, the keys remain safe in the known as an electronic purse or wallet in the Smart Card industry. It
digitally and physically secure iButton chip. If the iButton is physically will be used to carry a lot of sensitive and critical data about the
attacked, it triggers a tamper response that quickly "zeroes" to erase the consumers ever more than before when compared with the magnetic
contents of the memory rather than reveal private keys and other sensitive strip card.
information to the intruder. The Button's cryptographic services include
secure private key storage and secure message digest ("hashing") for
digital signatures and certificates. Users can sign electronic documents and
generate certificates to access restricted Web sites without ever revealing
their private keys.”
5. REFERENCES
o http://ewh.ieee.org/r10/bombay/news5/SmartCards.htm
o http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/authent
ication/smart-cards-secure-they_131
o http://web.mit.edu/ecom/Spring1997/gr12/index.htm
o Smart card wikipedia-the free encyclopedia.
o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_card
o
http://www.fullinterview.com/new/pps/ece/19.html
o http://www.slideworld.com/pptslides.aspx/sm art-card
Fig 4:
Smart Cards are a relatively new technology that already affects
the everyday lives of millions of people.This is just the beginning;
soon it will influence the way we shop, see the doctor, use the
telephone and even enjoy leisure!!!
IV. CONCLUSION
Smart cards were designed from the inside out to be a secure
component of systems with split functionality. As with any
security component, the better they are integrated with the overall
system, the more effective they will be. This is why closed
systems, with a real time feedback loop, will always be more
resistant to attacks than open systems, but smart cards have shown
that they can reduce the risk in either case. I think the use of smart
cards will increase in the future especially the contact-less type
and also the use of intelligent token.The use of smart cards will
increase in the future especially the contact-less type and also the
use of intelligent tokens.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are thankful to Prof. Sasankar H.O.D, M.C.A department,
GHRIIT and Dr. Mamta Muthal, Principle, GHRIIT to give us an
opportunity to express our views about the current topic SMART
CARD. We are thankful to Vaishali Borkar, lecturer, GHRIIT, our
mentor and all other staff members of GHRIIT who guided us for the
successful completion of our paper presentation.
