Burnout among nurse.

1. A model of burnout and life satisfaction
amongst nurses
Authors: Demerouti, E.1
; Bakker, A.B.2
; Nachreiner, F.1
; Schaufeli, W.B.2
Source: Journal of Advanced Nursing, Volume 32, Number 2, 1 August 2000 , pp. 454-
464(11)
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
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Abstract:
A model of burnout and life satisfaction amongst nurses
This study, among 109 German nurses, tested a theoretically derived model of burnout
and overall life satisfaction. The model discriminates between two conceptually different
categories of working conditions, namely job demands and job resources. It was
hypothesized that: (1) job demands, such as demanding contacts with patients and time
pressure, are most predictive of exhaustion; (2) job resources, such as (poor) rewards and
(lack of) participation in decision making, are most predictive of disengagement from
work; and (3) job demands and job resources have an indirect impact on nurses' life
satisfaction, through the experience of burnout (i.e., exhaustion and disengagement). A

2. model including each of these relationships was tested simultaneously with structural
equations modelling. Results confirm the strong effects of job demands and job resources
on exhaustion and disengagement respectively, and the mediating role of burnout
between the working conditions and life satisfaction. These findings contribute to
existing knowledge about antecedents and consequences of occupational burnout, and
provide guidelines for interventions aimed at preventing or reducing burnout among
nurses.
Keywords: job demands; job resources; burnout; life satisfaction; nursing; exhaustion;
disengagement; working conditions; stress
Document Type: Research article
Affiliations: 1: Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Department of Work and
Organizational Psychology, Oldenburg, Germany 2: Utrecht University, Department of
Social and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Work Context, Personal Control, and Burnout amongst
Nurses
Jacqueline Allen
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
David Mellor
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
While situational factors such as high workloads have been found to be predictive of burnout, not all people in the same work context
develop burnout. This suggests that individual factors are implicated in susceptibility to burnout. We investigated the relationships between
care type (acute/chronic), neuroticism, control (primary/secondary), and symptoms of burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced
professional efficacy) amongst 21 chronic care nurses and 83 acute care nurses working in a public hospital in regional Australia. Similar
levels of burnout symptomatology and neuroticism were found in each group of nurses, and neuroticism was found to be associated with
exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy in the total sample of nurses. Our prediction that primary control would protect
against burnout symptoms in acute care nurses was supported only for professional efficacy, and the prediction that secondary control
would protect against burnout in chronic care nurses was not supported.
Western Journal of Nursing Research, Vol. 24, No. 8, 905-917 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/019394502237701
A model of burnout and life satisfaction amongst nurses

5. Evangelia Demerouti PhD, Arnold B. Bakker PhD, Friedhelm Nachreiner PhD & Wilmar B.
Schaufeli PhD
1
Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Department of Work and Organizational Psychology,
Oldenburg, Germany, 2
Utrecht University, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology,
Utrecht, The Netherlands
Correspondence to: Evangelia Demerouti
KEYWORDS
job demands • job resources • burnout • life satisfaction • nursing • exhaustion • disengagement •
working conditions • stress
ABSTRACT
A model of burnout and life satisfaction amongst nurses
This study, among 109 German nurses, tested a theoretically derived model of burnout and
overall life satisfaction. The model discriminates between two conceptually different categories of
working conditions, namely job demands and job resources. It was hypothesized that: (1) job
demands, such as demanding contacts with patients and time pressure, are most predictive of
exhaustion; (2) job resources, such as (poor) rewards and (lack of) participation in decision
making, are most predictive of disengagement from work; and (3) job demands and job resources
have an indirect impact on nurses' life satisfaction, through the experience of burnout (i.e.,
exhaustion and disengagement). A model including each of these relationships was tested
simultaneously with structural equations modelling. Results confirm the strong effects of job
demands and job resources on exhaustion and disengagement respectively, and the mediating
role of burnout between the working conditions and life satisfaction. These findings contribute to
existing knowledge about antecedents and consequences of occupational burnout, and provide
guidelines for interventions aimed at preventing or reducing burnout among nurses.
DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)
10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01496.x About DOI

6. Evangelia Demerouti PhD, Arnold B. Bakker PhD, Friedhelm Nachreiner PhD & Wilmar B.
Schaufeli PhD
1
Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Department of Work and Organizational Psychology,
Oldenburg, Germany, 2
Utrecht University, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology,
Utrecht, The Netherlands
Correspondence to: Evangelia Demerouti
KEYWORDS
job demands • job resources • burnout • life satisfaction • nursing • exhaustion • disengagement •
working conditions • stress
ABSTRACT
A model of burnout and life satisfaction amongst nurses
This study, among 109 German nurses, tested a theoretically derived model of burnout and
overall life satisfaction. The model discriminates between two conceptually different categories of
working conditions, namely job demands and job resources. It was hypothesized that: (1) job
demands, such as demanding contacts with patients and time pressure, are most predictive of
exhaustion; (2) job resources, such as (poor) rewards and (lack of) participation in decision
making, are most predictive of disengagement from work; and (3) job demands and job resources
have an indirect impact on nurses' life satisfaction, through the experience of burnout (i.e.,
exhaustion and disengagement). A model including each of these relationships was tested
simultaneously with structural equations modelling. Results confirm the strong effects of job
demands and job resources on exhaustion and disengagement respectively, and the mediating
role of burnout between the working conditions and life satisfaction. These findings contribute to
existing knowledge about antecedents and consequences of occupational burnout, and provide
guidelines for interventions aimed at preventing or reducing burnout among nurses.
DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)
10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01496.x About DOI