1. History of Play Therapy 1762 Rousseau wrote about observing children at play 1903 Froebel wrote in In the Education of Man wrote about symbolic play- play is not sport but has meaning and importance 1909 Freud’s Little Hans case- five year old with phobias 1919-1930s Anna Freud and Melanie Klein use toys in therapy with children and introduced completing theories- Klein said play had meaning; Freud said play built a relationship with the therapist 1930sFrom Rank’s work Taft and Allan counsel children with a de-emphasis on the past and interpretation of feelings- here and now focus 1940-1970s Carl Rogers develops person centered therapy and his student Virginia Axline develops child centered play therapy and applied theory to school counseling and teaching 1980s-present Play therapy programs are started in Universities– North Texas’ program started in 1989 and the Association for Play Therapy established in 1982 Landreth, Garry. (2002). Play therapy the art of the relationship. Bristol, PA: Routledge.

2. Axline’s Eight Principles 1. The therapist must develop a warm friendly relationship with the child 2. The therapist unconditionally accepts the child 3. The therapist develops a feeling of permissiveness 4. The therapist recognized the child’s feelings expressed in play 5. The therapist respects the child’s ability to solves problems for herself 6. The therapist does not direct the child’s actions 7. The therapist does not hurry the therapy 8. The therapist established only the needed limitations needed to anchor therapy to reality Axline, V. M. (1974). Play therapy. New York: Ballantine Books.

3. View of Children Play is the work and language of children.– Lev Vygotsky To grow to be health, very young children do not need to know how to read, but they do need to know how to play.– Fred Rogers A child strives towards an enter balance that guides a child’s beliefs and actions.– Virginia Axline Who would have thought there was a place like this in the whole world?– a child in play therapy Landreth, Garry. (2002). Play therapy the art of the relationship. Bristol, PA: Routledge.

4. Types of Play Therapy There are as many play theoretical perspectives as there are theoretical perspectives Child centered therapy Gestalt Play Therapy Psychodynamic play therapy Brief play therapy Solution-focused play therapy Adlerian play therapy Cognitive-Behavioral play therapy Play therapy is not limited to children. Adults can also benefit from play therapy

5. The Play Therapy Room University of North Texas. (2010, April 23). Center for play therapy. website: http://cpt.unt.edu/about-play-therapy/playrooms/

6. Play Therapy Room University of North Texas. (2010, April 23). Center for play therapy. website: http://cpt.unt.edu/about-play-therapy/playrooms/

7. Play Therapy Room University of North Texas. (2010, April 23). Center for play therapy. website: http://cpt.unt.edu/about-play-therapy/playrooms/

8. Guidelines for Selecting Toys Toys should: Allow for exploration of real life experiences including cultural values, traditions and roles. Facilitate contact with the child by gaining the child's interest and attention Permit reality testing/limit setting Provide the opportunity for development of self-control Facilitate exploration of the self and others Allow children to express their needs symbolically (without any need for verbalization) Provide for expression of a wide range of feelings Provide opportunities for insight/self-understanding Allow for creative expression Toys should also be durable, simple, and easy to operate, allow for success & are fun Reminder: Toys should be selected, not collected University of North Texas. (2010, April 23). Center for play therapy. website: http://cpt.unt.edu/about-play-therapy/playrooms/

9. Suggested Toys Doll furniture (sturdy wood) Gumby (bendable nondescript figure) Doll bed, clothes, etc. Bendable doll family Dolls Pacifier Nursing bottle (plastic) Chalkboard, chalk Refrigerator (wood) Dishes (plastic or tin) Pitcher Plastic food Egg cartons Broom, dustpan Crayons, pencils, paper Toy watch Paints, easel, newsprint, brushes Lone Ranger type mask Tongue depressors, popsicle sticks Truck, car, airplane, tractor, boat Pounding bench and hammer Cymbals Toy soldiers and army equipment Sandbox, large spoon, funnel, sieve, pail Rubber snake, alligator Multicolored chalk, eraser Stove (wood) Pans, silverware Dishpan Empty fruit and vegetable cans, etc. Band-aids Sponge, towel Soap, brush, comb Transparent tape Building blocks (diff. shapes and sizes) Play-Doh or clay Pipe cleaners ATV (multi-wheel vehicle for riding on) School bus (Fisher Price type) Xylophone Drum Fireman's hat, other hats Zoo animals, farm animals Bop bag (Bobo) Handcuffs Toy noise making gun Telephone (two) Construction paper (several colors) Rags or old towels Tinker toys Tissue Rubber Knife Dart gun Balls (large and small) Medical kit Blunt scissors Play money and cash register Hand puppets (doctor, nurse, etc.) Rope Purse and jewelry Landreth, Garry. (2002). Play therapy the art of the relationship. Bristol, PA: Routledge.

10. Suggested On-the-Go Toys Crayons Newsprint Scissors Nursing bottle Rubber knife Doll Clay Dart gun Toy soldiers Tea set Lone Ranger style mask Nerf ball Pipe cleaners Cotton rope Telephone Aggressive hand puppet Bendable doll family Dollhouse University of North Texas. (2010, April 23). Center for play therapy. website: http://cpt.unt.edu/about-play-therapy/playrooms/

11. Application to Group As children interact with one another, they learn about themselves Children help one another within the group Depending upon the goals, children can play at the same activity or play independently Group goals and cohesion are not always needed By watching other children, a child gains the courage to attempt need behaviors Landreth, Garry. (2002). Play therapy the art of the relationship. Bristol, PA: Routledge.

12. Books and Organizations for Play Therapy Play Therapy by Virginia Axline DIBS in Search of Self by Virginia Axline Play Therapy: The Art of the Relationship by Garry Landreth The Handbook of Group Play Therapy: How to Do It, How It Works, Whom It's Best Forby Daniel Sweeney School Based Play Therapy Edited by Athena Drews , Lois Carey and Charles Shaefer The University of North Texas Center for Play Therapy http://cpt.unt.edu Association for Play Therapy www.a4pt.orgbr />Texas branch of the Association for Play Therapy www.txapt.org

13. Applications to Group The first group a child participates in if the family group Different goals can be achieved and children in different phases of therapy can be mixed allowing for more freedom when putting groups together Children are able to take what they do and see in the play room to their outside worlds’ Landreth, Garry. (2002). Play therapy the art of the relationship. Bristol, PA: Routledge.

14. References Axline, V.M. (1974). Play therapy. New York: Ballantine. Landreth, Garry. (2002). Play therapy the art of the relationship. Bristol, PA: Routledge. University of North Texas. (2010, April 23). Center for play therapy. website: http://cpt.unt.edu/about-play-therapy/playrooms/