1. Start up Leadership Program – 13th Oct 2012
Financial Modeling
By
CA Tapan Kumar Das
Co-Founder Qua Nutrition

2. Training Methodology
 Presentation - Half an Hour
 Question and Answer - One Hour
 1st Project Analysis - One Hour
2nd Project Analysis – One Hour
Summaries – Fifteen Minutes

3. What is Financial Model
Representation of an entity’s Financial Statements and Accounts
To gain useful insights
 Focus on Future results
The Format Includes : Future Financial Picture in an
 Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Cash Flow Statement
Other Inputs and Assumptions and Physical Measures
Provide Useful Analysis for Decision Maker
financial model is a decision support tool
It Does not Predict the Future but to understand the Parameters about the Futures
Q : Why it is useful to the Entrepreneur like you ?

4. 5 Reasons Why You Need To Build A Financial Model For Your Start up
To be successful, entrepreneurs and start-up founders
- need to have a good handle on their business.
- The best way to do this is to build a financial model
- which will give greater insight into your company.
- It will also make your start-up more attractive to venture capital investors, lenders, or
angel investors
Analytical Lens - It is framework for thinking through Business in an objective , critical manner . And construct
numbers around each assumptions
Operating roadmap - A model is, by its nature, a chronological way of laying out what you expect to happen and
when—and what it will cost—in a very granular manner
Risk Assessment - Identifying the key levers (and sensitivities) of the business helps illuminate the risk points of your
startup— in particular, the magnitude of downside risk. For example, at most startups, expenses precede revenue
Scenario Exploration - Models allow for multiple forms of really useful business model analysis. For example: what
happens to our break-even point when we lower prices by 10%? Or, how much extra money will we need to raise if
sales take a lot longer than we expect? Or, what do margins look like if we hire a direct sales team vs. recruiting a
network of affiliates?
Pitch and Sales Tool:Last but not least, models are a great way to bolster your pitch to investors, lenders or strategic
partners. At its most basic, the model eloquently explains how much money you need, and how much you will make
for the investor or partner.

5. Uses of Model
 To Value a Business Activity
 Helpful in Planning Situations
 Can Answer the followings ;
 Return on the Money Invested in the Projected
 When the Project will reach cash Positive
 Breakeven Point
 If Return is x% then what could cost for Business Activities
 How long project can survey without further Investment
 Helps to examine the Financial and Physical scenarios
( Productivity and Performance measurement , Expansion , New Capacity building up )
It Does not Answer the Good or bad Ventures
But
answer How will the investor get his money with expected return
Q : How it is useful to entrepreneur ?

6. What is Income Statement
 Reflect the Economics of a Business
 It is for the Period
 Components of Income Statement ;
 Revenue ( Nature , Growth )
 Cost ( Direct , Indirect , Nature )
 Profit ( generated from Business Activities )
 Depreciation and
 Tax ( Direct , Indirect )
not the cash the venture earns
It is Summary of all the Day-to-day Business activities
Q : How it is different from Cash Flow ?

7. What is Balance sheet
 Snapshot of Company’s Financial Position
 It shows Assets and Liabilities on a particular date
 Assets includes Tangible Assets and Intangible Assets
 Components of Balance sheet ;
 Owners Money
 Debt
 Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets
 Working Capital
 Misc Expenditure
It is Not a Statement but a Financial Position
Q : How it influence Valuation ?

8. What is Cash flow Statement
 It tracks the cash in the company during the time period
 Components of Cash Flows ;
 Operating Cash Flow
 Investing Cash Flow
 Financing Cash Flow
 Operating Cash Flow : Reflect the cash come out of the running the Business
( Answers the Working capital Position of the company
 Investing Cash Flow : Long term investment in Assets to further the Business
Financing Cash Flow : Capital Flows to the Business
Q : How it influence Valuation ?

9. Financial Modeling
 Make Basic – Financial Modeling
- Input Excel Sheet ( Quantitative and Qualitative )
- Income Statement for 3- 7 Years
- Balance sheet for – 3- Years
- Cash Flow for – 3-7 Years
- Running the Model ( Manipulating the Inputs while observing the outputs to draw
Business conclusions from the result – to bring the Better Performance /use of
Resources .
 Advanced – Financial Modeling
- Debt and revolvers ( alternative funding , Cash flow and Profit impact and risk analysis )
- Depreciation ( affects Net Income , Tax , Assets Purchases , alternative arrangement)
- Taxation ( Tax change , Govt Policy change , Revenue collection change, Cash flow )
- Pensions /Retention policy ( affects on Cash flow , risk )
- Capital Leases/ Buy ( affect on Free Cash Flow and Tax, Growth )
- Multiple acquisitions or Projects or Branches or Structure to optimize Overhead
- Analysis and Valuation :
1. Valuation , Share Calculations
2. Building Physical Quantities * refer next slide
3. Sensitivities and What-if ( Goal seek model , watching Output while changing the
input

10. Building Physical Quantities
 Non Financial Business Metrics ( Input /Output Model ) Like
- Business Drivers ( helps for investment needed, Human capital needed ,
Cost/Productivity )
- Sources of Information ( True Independent Info )
- Financial Parameters input ( Buy/Lease, Debt/Equity ,Working capital Assumption etc )
- Physical Mechanics ( Revenue/ Capex / Unit cost / Profit etc )

11. Top Investment Banking Interview Questions
 How do you Value your Company ( Intrinsic Value or relative Valuation )
 What is Discount rate – Cost of Capital
How do you calculate cost of Capital – Risk free rate + Market risk Premium
What is the Appropriate Numerator for revenue multiple
When should you value a company using a revenue multiple vs. EBITDA?
 How would you value a company with negative historical cash flow?
How do you calculate unlevered free cash flows for DCF analysis? (Free cash flows =
Operating profit (EBIT) * (1 –tax rate) + depreciation & amortization – changes in net
working capital – capital expenditures)
Two companies are identical in earnings, growth prospects, leverage, returns on capital,
and risk. Company A is trading at a 15 P/E multiple, while the other trades at 10 P/E. which
would you prefer as an investment?

12. Different Approach during Financial Modeling
Should you focus on the best case or worst case scenario for your financial statements?
How deep should you go in your analysis?
What is credibility and how is it achieved?
How do footfall and ticket size apply to financial modelling?
What are top-down and bottom-up approaches to financial modelling?
What is the Break-Even level?
What should your final financial statements look like?

13. Best Practices for Model Constructions
 Follow Firm Format ( standard format followed by regulatory requirements)
Include an executive Summary ( Top Level Consolidated Information )
 Make Logical Page Breaks on all Sheet
Use Version Control for Future reference
 Use Multiple sheets
 Consolidated Input sheet and link to the other sheet ( Do not hard code )
 Consistency between sheets ( Same year , Column )
 Keep a change Log
Q : Will it create comforts for the Analyzer /Investor ?

14. Business Economic Indicator
 Revenue / Customer
Cost / Customer
Profit / Customer
EBIDTA % to Revenue
Indirect Cost / Revenue
PBT / Revenue
Revenue/Employee
Cost of capital
Revenue / Fixed Assets
Debtors Days
Creditors Days

15. Uses of Model
Question and answer
Section for One Hour
+
Why and When you need Finance profession

16. Uses of Model
Case Study -1 & 2
+
Summary