Ayaka Yoshikawa, Hitomi Shimizu, Takashi Iba, “Cook-That-Dish Patterns for Tacos: A Tool for Collaborative Cooking”, in the Second World Conference PURPLSOC2017 (Pursuit of Pattern Languages for Societal Change), at Danube University in Krems, Austria, 2017. Slide Designed and Presented by Ayaka Yoshikawa.

1. PURPLSOC 2017
Taco Patterns
Cook-That-Dish Patterns for Tacos: A Tool for
Collaborative Cooking
Ayaka Yoshikawa
Hitomi Shimizu
Takashi Iba
Iba Laboratory, Keio University
t14595ay@sfc.keio.ac.jp

2. CCC

3. CCreation
CCConsumption Communication

4. CCreation
CCConsumption Communication
Consumptive
Society
Communicative
(Information)
Society
Creative
Society

5. Essential part of everyday life
Shift in the role of “cooking” in people’s lives
Optional activity that one can
choose to engage in or not
Widespread availability of restaurants,
take-out options, and ready-made foods
Reluctance/intimidation
about cooking
Essential for survival
Clear divide between those who
cook/those who consume

6. CCreation
CCConsumption Communication
Consumptive
Society
Communicative
(Information)
Society
Creative
Society

7. Cooking can be a highly creative activity that
can give both the person engaged in the
cooking as well as those who consume the
product, a sense of pleasure, satisfaction, and
a higher quality of life

8. Prior Research Dealing with the Topic of Cooking & Patterns
Cooking Patterns (Akado, et al, 2016)
The Cooking Language (Isaku, et al, 2015)
Co-Cooking Patterns (Isaku & Iba, 2015)
Cooking Life Patterns (Yoshikawa, et al, 2016)
Patterns on the general knowledge of cooking
Language to understand individual ingredients and their functions
Pattern for enhancing communication in collaborative cooking sessions
Patterns on how to incorporate the activity of cooking into everyday life
Cook-That-Dish Patterns (Yoshikawa, et al, 2017)
Patterns that provide instructions on how to cook a certain dish
Cooking Fun Language (Shimizu, et al, 2017)
Language for sharing how to enjoy cooking
On-the-spot support
that directly affects
people’s actions in
the kitchen

9. You are cutting the
ingredients for
the sauce.
Grinding or grating
garlic may bring out
bitterness or too
much aroma.
Bring out the
right amount of aroma by
finely chopping the garlic with a knife.
Chop with a Knife
Bring out the right amount of flavor
No-touch policy is best for the dashi
Dried Bonito Dashi
You have brought a pot
of water to a boil.
If you put the dried bonito
in the boiling water and stir it
constantly, it will bring out
a bitter taste.
Take the pot off of the heat,
put the dried bonito in, and
let it naturally sink to
the bottom.
Cook-That-Dish Patterns
Taco Patterns Miso Soup Patterns Carbonara Patterns

10. Cook-That-Dish forPatterns Tacos
Team Tortilla
トルティーヤ
難易度：★★★
必要なもの
適切人数：6-9
生地をつくる人（2-3）、
伸ばす人（2-3）、焼く人（2-3）
ベーキング
パウダー
サランラップ
お湯

11. PatternsTaco
Team Tortilla
トルティーヤ
難易度：★★★
必要なもの
適切人数：6-9
生地をつくる人（2-3）、
伸ばす人（2-3）、焼く人（2-3）
ベーキング
パウダー
サランラップ
お湯

12. Context
Solution
Problem
Pattern Name
&
Intro
Illustration
Components of a Cook-That-Dish Pattern

13. Significance of Using the Pattern Format
The patterns provide an insight on the
reason behind each cooking process
By understanding why a certain action
must be taken, a person is able to take in
the information and use it to make
decisions on his/her own discretion
• Context: the timing in which one
should perform the pattern
• Problem: what would happen if the
pattern is not performed
• Solution: what to do to prevent the
problem from happening
Explains a certain step in the cooking
process in the pattern format:
Context
Problem
Solution

14. The Process of Creating the Taco Patterns
① Data collection: extracted tips/methods that play a significant
role in the cooking process
② Data organization: created a recipe-like list of steps to take in
making each component of the taco
③ Pattern writing & symbolizing: wrote down each cooking step
in the pattern format
+ revising

15. 5 Categories of Taco Patterns
Pico de Gallo Guacamole Meat
Tortilla Other Toppings

16. 5 Categories of Taco Patterns

17. 5 Categories of Taco Patterns

18. Team Tortilla
トルティーヤ
難易度：★★★
必要なもの
適切人数：6-9
生地をつくる人（2-3）、
伸ばす人（2-3）、焼く人（2-3）
ベーキング
パウダー
サランラップ
お湯
Whole Collection of the Taco Patterns
27 patterns divided into 5 categories

19. Using the Taco Patterns: Collaborative Cooking Sessions

20. • Cooking parties, in which university students
(& teachers) cook together in groups.
• Participants have varying cooking
experiences; some cook for themselves
everyday, while some have rarely used a
knife.
Using the Taco Patterns: Collaborative Cooking Sessions
Enable people with varying cooking
experiences to cook a meal together…
Without having experienced people take
over the process and the others observing
as bystanders.
Collaborative Cooking Sessions
5 workshops with around 15 to 35 people
in each session, engaging more than 100
participants in total.

21. Cooking with the Pattern Cards
• Divided participants into 5 teams according to the
categories, and gave each team corresponding
pattern cards & ingredients
• Participants take time to go over the pattern
cards with each other one by one and decide the
order in which they will carry out the patterns
• After the teams have established a common
understanding of the process, each team cooks
their part of the taco according to the patterns
• The patterns are used as reference to guide the
collaborative cooking process
• In the end, the finished parts are served in
individual dishes, and a buffet-style taco dinner is
ready for everyone to enjoy.

22. Patterns functioning as common vocabulary
Conversation sample: Team Meat Participant A
Participant B
“Hey, can you have a taste
and see if this tastes okay? I
feel like I made it too spicy…”
“I think it’s good! The
Enough Punch pattern
said it should be slightly
over seasoned anyway.”

23. Patterns functioning as common vocabulary

24. Patterns functioning as common vocabulary
Conversation sample: Team Meat Participant A
Participant B
“Hey, can you have a taste
and see if this tastes okay? I
feel like I made it too spicy…”
“I think it’s good! The
Enough Punch pattern
said it should be slightly
over seasoned anyway.”

25. Patterns functioning as common vocabulary
Conversation sample: Team Tortilla
Participant C
Participant D
“Okay, let’s start cooking the
tortillas. We need a
Teaspoon of Oil for each
tortilla right?”
“Right, and make sure to
cook them 45 Seconds Per
Side… I think the heat
should be lowered since
they’re cooking a lot faster”

26. Patterns functioning as common vocabulary

27. Patterns functioning as common vocabulary
Conversation sample: Team Tortilla
Participant C
Participant D
“Okay, let’s start cooking the
tortillas. We need a
Teaspoon of Oil for each
tortilla right?”
“Right, and make sure to
cook them 45 Seconds Per
Side… I think the heat
should be lowered since
they’re cooking a lot faster”

28. Patterns functioning as common vocabulary
Conversation sample: Team Pico de Gallo
“I see now why Draining
After Cutting is so
important. Look at all the
juice that came out! I
guess we should have left
them in the colander
longer”
Participant

29. Patterns functioning as common vocabulary

30. Patterns functioning as common vocabulary
Conversation sample: Team Pico de Gallo
“I see now why Draining
After Cutting is so
important. Look at all the
juice that came out! I
guess we should have left
them in the colander
longer”
Participant

33. “By taking the time to go over each pattern, [the participant] was
able to learn about why each step had to be taken. [The
participant felt] like the ‘problem’ section was the most insightful
part.”
“Even though [the participant] had very little experience with
cooking, [the participant] was able to partake in the cooking
process because the patterns allowed everyone to be ‘on the
same page’”
After the cooking sessions, there were cases in which participants
convened their own cooking sessions using the Taco Patterns,
with a new group of participants.
Feedback from Participants

34. You are cutting the
ingredients for
the sauce.
Grinding or grating
garlic may bring out
bitterness or too
much aroma.
Bring out the
right amount of aroma by
finely chopping the garlic with a knife.
Chop with a Knife
Bring out the right amount of flavor
No-touch policy is best for the dashi
Dried Bonito Dashi
You have brought a pot
of water to a boil.
If you put the dried bonito
in the boiling water and stir it
constantly, it will bring out
a bitter taste.
Take the pot off of the heat,
put the dried bonito in, and
let it naturally sink to
the bottom.
Cook-That-Dish Patterns
Taco PatternsMiso Soup PatternsCarbonara Patterns

35. Other Methods to Create Opportunities for People to Cook
Taco Patterns
Party-style collaborative cooking
Miso Soup Patterns
Increase people’s cooking repertoire
Carbonara Patterns
Teaching-style
You are cutting the
ingredients for
the sauce.
Grinding or grating
garlic may bring out
bitterness or too
much aroma.
Bring out the
right amount of aroma by
finely chopping the garlic with a knife.
Chop with a Knife
Bring out the right amount of flavor
No-touch policy is best for the dashi
Dried Bonito Dashi
You have brought a pot
of water to a boil.
If you put the dried bonito
in the boiling water and stir it
constantly, it will bring out
a bitter taste.
Take the pot off of the heat,
put the dried bonito in, and
let it naturally sink to
the bottom.

36. Patterns can be
1. Effective tool to involve participants with varying
experiences
2. A practical format to convey meaning behind
cooking processes
3. A valid tool for simultaneous, distributed cooking
processes
All participants are involved regardless of experience by having a
common vocabulary to communicate about the cooking process
By conveying the meaning behind cooking processes in a
practical, concise manner, even beginners can grasp the good
practices in cooking
Categorized pattern cards enables a relatively large number
of people to cook simultaneously

37. Prior Research Dealing with the Topic of Cooking & Patterns
Cooking Patterns (Akado, et al, 2016)
The Cooking Language (Isaku, et al, 2015)
Co-Cooking Patterns (Isaku & Iba, 2015)
Cooking Life Patterns (Yoshikawa, et al, 2016)
Patterns on the general knowledge of cooking
Language to understand individual ingredients and their functions
Pattern for enhancing communication in collaborative cooking sessions
Patterns on how to incorporate the activity of cooking into everyday life
Cook-That-Dish Patterns (Yoshikawa, et al, 2017)
Patterns that provide instructions on how to cook a certain dish
Cooking Fun Language (Shimizu, et al, 2017)
Language for sharing how to enjoy cooking
On-the-spot support
that directly affects
people’s actions in
the kitchen

38. References
Akado, Y., Shibata, S., Yoshikawa, A., Sano, A., and Iba, T. (2016) “Cooking Patterns: A Pattern
Language for Everyday Cooking,” 5th Asian Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs
(AsianPLoP2016), Taiwan, Mar., 2016
Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., and Silverstein, M., Jacobson, M., Fiksdahi-King, I. and Angel, S. (1977)
A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction, Oxford University Press.
Iba, T., & Isaku, T. (2016). A pattern language for creating pattern languages: 364 patterns for pattern
mining, writing, and symbolizing. In Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Pattern Languages of
Programs.
Isaku, T., Kubonaga, E., Iba, T. (2015). “The Cooking Language: Applying the Theory of Patterns into
Cooking” pp.234-248
Isaku, T., Iba, T.Creative CoCooking Patterns: A Pattern Language for Creative Collaborative
Cooking, 20th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, 2015.
Isaku, T., Iba, T. (2014). Towards a Pattern Language for Cooking: A Generative Approach to
Cooking, 19th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, 2014.
Shibata, S., Kogure, S., Shimizu, H., & Iba, T. (2016) “Pattern Symbolizing Patterns - Showing the
content and value by expressions to encourage intuitive comprehension,” 23rd Conference on
Pattern Languages of Programs (PLoP2016), USA, Oct., 2016
Yoshikawa, A., Akado, Y., Shibata, S., & Iba, T. (2016) “Cooking Life Patterns: A Pattern Language
for Enjoying: Cooking in Everyday Life,” 21st European Conference on Pattern Languages of
Programs (EuroPLoP2016), Germany, Jul., 2016

39. PURPLSOC 2017
Taco Patterns
Cook-That-Dish Patterns for Tacos: A Tool for
Collaborative Cooking
Ayaka Yoshikawa
Hitomi Shimizu
Takashi Iba
Iba Laboratory, Keio University
t14595ay@sfc.keio.ac.jp