11. 網際網路通訊簡介 (2)
11
Server Server Server Server
google.com
132.14.55.42
facebook.com
178.95.35.51
airbnb.com
37.83.29.14
amazon.com
135.23.93.22
What’s
up,
facebook.com?
Nothing
much,
google.com
Mmm..
you
look
good
Internet Protocol
13. 封包遞送路徑判斷 :
Routing
and
Forwarding
13
Server Server
ISP
gmail.com
source
:
192.168.1.55
destination:
173.84.23.55
You
Alice
173.84.23.55 223.54.10.74
amazon.com
192.168.1.55
192.168.1.88
路徑判斷
RFC
1058
Routing
Information
Protocol
14. 路由器 Routing
and
Forwarding
14
解讀封包表
頭接收端IP
位址後即
送出
解讀封包表
頭接收端IP
位址後即
送出
RFC
1058
Routing
Information
Protocol
15. Packet
Switching
:
Packet
Fragmentation
and
Forwarding
15
Transmission
Control
Protocol
回覆已收到封包 ACK
RFC
793 Transmission
Control
Protocol
RFC
1945
Hypertext
Transfer
Protocol
46. 台灣使⽤用國外公共解析器情況
46
Rank Resolver ASN User
Share Network
Name
1 74.125.41.0 15169 1.28% GOOGLE
– Google
Inc.,
US
2 58.217.249.04134 1.02% CHINANET-‐BACKBONE,
CN
3 74.125.189.015169 0.98% GOOGLE
-‐ Google
Inc.,
US
4 74.125.16.0 15169 0.94% GOOGLE
-‐ Google
Inc.,
US
5 74.125.190.015169 0.90% GOOGLE
-‐ Google
Inc.,
US
6 74.125.181.015169 0.87% GOOGLE
-‐ Google
Inc.,
US
7 61.140.11.0 4813 0.80% GUANGDONG-‐AP
China
Telecom
Group,
CN
8 60.215.138.04837 0.80% CHINA169,
CNCGROUP
China169
Backbone,
CN
9 74.125.73.0 15169 0.78% GOOGLE
– Google
Inc.,
US
10 74.125.17.0 15169 0.74% GOOGLE
– Google
Inc.,
US
The
Top
10
DNS
resolver
systems
(Geoff
Huston,
2014)
(Geoff
Huston,
2014)
台灣有9% 訊務使⽤用國外Resolver
Google
公共解析器約佔全球 1/3
解析量
53. 無線網路
53
wireless LANs:
§ within building (100 ft)
§ 802.11b/g (WiFi): 11, 54 Mbps
transmission rate
wide-area wireless access
§ provided by telco (cellular)
operator,10’s km
§ between 1 and 10 Mbps
§ 3G, 4G: LTE
to Internet
to Internet
61. IETF
簡介
61
何者為 IETF
:
Internet
Engineering
Task
Force
IETF develops
and
promotes
voluntary
Internet
standards,
in
particular
the
standards
that
comprise
the
Internet
protocolsuits
(TCP/IP)
75. IDN
延伸議題 :
IRNSS
公共搜尋服務
75
1 local language, terminology query
2 Adding in language specification
3 Translation, Equivalence mapping
4 return canonical-form queries
2nd Identifier Server
Translating Server
5 Canonical-form queries to 2nd
identifier
Server. Adding fuzziness codes as appropriate
6 return the queries and one or more matching URIs
7 client would process the URIs, which would be involve
a query to the DNS
DNS
IANA Root
8 Identifier lookup
9 return IP address
Internet
Research
Names
Searchable
Services
:
IRNSS