2. Key terms for G&D Growth Development Cephalocaudal Proximodistal Assimilation Accommodation Adaptation
3. Psychosocial Development (Erikson) Table in White on page 180 Trust vs. mistrust = birth – 1 year Autonomy vs. shame and doubt = 1 – 3 years Initiative vs. inferiority = 3 – 6 years Industry vs. inferiority = 6 - 12 years Identity vs. role confusion = 12 – 18 years
4. Psychosexual Development (Freud) Table in White on page 179 Oral = birth – 1 year Anal = 1-3 years Phallic = 3 – 6 years Latency = 6 – 12 years Genital = 12 + years
5. Cognitive Development (Piaget) Table in White on page 181 Sensorimotor = birth – 2 years Preoperational = 2 – 7 years Concrete Operational = 7 – 12 years Formal Operational = 12 + years
6. Moral Development (Kohlberg) Table in White on page 181 Preconventional = birth – 9 years Stage 1: punishment and obedience Stage 2: instrumental-relativist orientation Conventional = 9 – 13 years Stage 3: interpersonal concordance Stage 4: law and order orientation Postconventional = 13+ years Stage 5: social contract orientation Stage 6: universal ethics orientation
7. Stages of Faith (Fowler) Table in White on page 182 Prestage: undifferentiated faith = infant Stage 1: intuitive-projective faith = toddler/preschooler Stage 2: mythical-literal faith = school age Stage 3: synthetic-conventional faith – adolescent Stage 4: individuative-reflective – late adolescent
8. Growth of infant Birth weight triples by age 1 Teeth erupt 4-6 months 6 months – roll over 8-10 months crawl 8 months sit alone Separation anxiety 6 months 8-10 months “mama” “dada”
9. Growth of Toddler By 24 months 4 x’s birth weight Developing bowel and bladder control Walk, run, climb stairs, jump, ride tricycle, throw ball Follow simple directions Anticipates future events By age 3 – short sentences, 900 words
10. Growth of Preschooler Physical growth slows 5 years average weight 45 pounds Head size same as adult Baby teeth replaces Fine motor skills Vocabulary of 2000 words Play reality based
11. Growth of School-age Adds 3-6 pounds and 2-3 inches/year Less dependent on parents for ADLs Same gender companions preferred Logical reasoning Likes to categorize May need assistance in choosing right and wrong
12. Growth of Preadolescent/Adolescent Physical growth accelerates Sex characteristics develop Muscle mass and strength increases Last four molars erupt Activation of sebaceous glands New body image
13. Infant Developmental Milestones Newborn: responds to noises, roots and sucks, fixes eyes on objects 1-3 months: Holds head up when prone, smiles, coos, reaches, uses hands and fingers 3-6 months: Lifts head up more, squeals, grasps objects, rolls over, holds head straight when sitting
14. 6-9 months: Looks for fallen object, feeds self finger foods, sits alone, transfers object, stands holding on 9-12 months: pulls self to standing, plays peek-a-boo, throws, speaks single word, understands “no”
