Micro and nano for energy

Microtechnologies, a unique advantage for Energy
‐ production,
‐ transportation
‐ use

G. Kotrotsios
Georges.kotrotsios@csem.ch
Neuchâtel, 04.05.2010
N hât l 04 05 2010

…depuis 1984
d i

Copyright 2009 CSEM | Club Ravel , 6 octobre 2009 | G. Kotrotsios | Page 1

Agenda
A d

• Why use micro‐, nano‐ and ICT
• What CSEM is doing today – yesterday?: examples
• C f t optimization
Comfort ti i ti
• Presence detection and lighting control
• Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)
Reading (AMR)
• Tomorrow
• Systems: Data decentralization smart grid
Systems: Data decentralization, smart grid
• Devices: ICT for energy saving and the Next Generation of PV as a
marriage between « traditional » PV and MNT


Pourquoi utiliser des micro‐ , nano‐,…?
P i tili d i ?

• Axioma I:
– The cheapest KWh is the one that has not been used
• A i
Axioma II
II:
– The next cheapest KWh is the one that intellently used

• Beyond ecologic production, there is enormous potential for
– economies of consumption
of consumption
– Intelligent and economic use in
‐Demand Side
Demand
‐Supply Side


Agenda
A d

• What CSEM is doing today – yesterday?: examples
Comfort ti i ti
Reading (AMR)
• Tomorrow


Intelligent Systems for Comfort control
I t lli tS t f C f t t l


How it works?
How it works?

Internal Temperature

External Temperature, Solar Radiation
Return Temperature
Flow Temperature
Climate Prediction

+ - U
T_int Popt
1/Kp

Building
B ildi Optimal C t l
O ti l Control Valve
Val e Control
Behavior
P Prediction T_comfort User Setpoint, Window Opening

Heating Power User Adaptation Block
Sample Vector

• Predictif control
• Self‐commissioning adaptive control
Self commissioning adaptive control
system


... lower consumption...with improved comfort
lower consumption with improved comfort


« Wh t’
What’s good for me »?
df ?

• Optimisation of the global consumption
f h l b l
• Electric (light, home appliances, IT, etc..)
• H ti C f t
Heating, Comfort
• Simultaneously: Electric and Heating

• Per house, neighbourhood, district, etc…
• Centralised versus decentralised optimisation optimisation of chagre (Demand
versus decentralised of chagre (Demand
Side Management)


Agenda
A d

• What CSEM is doing today – yesterday: examples?
Comfort ti i ti
Reading (AMR)
• Tomorrow


Controlling lighting i intelligent sensors
C t lli li hti using i t lli t


The differences i
Th diff in sensing and processing
i d i

Management of electric d
M t f l t i doors, elevators, etc..
l t t


Agenda
A d

Comfort ti i ti
Reading (AMR)
• Tomorrow


Automatic Metering Reading

• N b tt
No battery (inductive coupling)
(i d ti li )
• Low consumption
• ~10 ppm error‐rate OCR in 10 ms
• “Low cost”
• Compact


« Wh t’
What’s good for me »?
df ?

• Real time information for the users
l f f h
• Reading of consumption of individual appliances
• A t t
A step towards
d
• smart home
• smart grid
smart grid

• Security Quality of Life Economy Global optimisation
Security, Quality of Life, Economy, Global optimisation


Agenda
A d

Comfort ti i ti
Reading (AMR)
• Tomorrow


Motivation
M ti ti

• Low power was always the concern of CSEM
• More recently two topics have been developped CSEM
• Wi l
Wireless sensor Networks (order of magnitude below Zigbee)
N t k ( d f it d b l Zi b )
• WiseNET
• Solar Energy
Solar Energy
• Solar Island: large scale
• Organic Photovoltaics
Organic Photovoltaics
• How to produce a lever effect between the small and the big?


Monitoring applied t d i
M it i li d today in preventive maintenance
ti i t

• Example: Hydropower
• Dams structural monitoring
• Land‐sliding above the dam
• Water turbidity
• Water pollution in the dam
• Generator optimal use (eccentricity and vibrations…)


The very small for the very big…
Th ll f th bi

Alternative energy production
system
Hundreds of monitoring devices

High Density Sensor Network: Sensor Node
Monitoring and Optimisation


When this ill be
Wh thi will b possible at l
ibl t large scale?
l ?

• Large number of sensor nodes:
• No power supply
• Mi i l Di
Minimal Dimensions
i
• Negligeable costs
• Easy Deployment
• Environmental compatible
• Adequate communication Protocols
communication Protocols

Exploitation as a system optimisation tool
Exploitation as a system optimisation tool
Expoitation as energy decrease of a sum of a very large number of
« small » individual energy consumers
» individual


Agenda
A d

Comfort ti i ti
Reading (AMR)
• Solar Islands
• Tomorrow
• Systems: Data decentralization, smart grid
Devices: ICT for energy and the Next of PV as a


It will be possible!!
It ill b ibl !!

Source: Gene A. Frantz, TI Developer Conf., 2008.


Energy Scavenging
Energy Scavenging

Source: MEDEA+ report on “Energy Autonomous Systems: Future Trends in Devices, Technology and Systems,” 2008.


Energy Harvesting – O d
E H ti Orders of magnitude
f it d

Source Caractéristiques Efficacité Puissance
(η) collectée
Photovoltaïque

Intérieur 0.1mW/cm2 10 µW/cm2
10-24%
10 24%
2
Extérieur 100mW/cm 10mW/cm2
Vibration/
Mouvement
0.5m@1Hz
0 5m@1Hz Puissance
Home 4 µW/cm3
1m/s2@50Hz maximale
1m@5Hz dépend de
Industrie 100 µW/cm3
10m/s2@1kHz la source
Energie
g
Thermique
Home 20mW/cm2 0.10% 25 µW/cm2

Industrie 100 mW/cm2 0.30% 1-10mW/cm2
Electromagnétique
GSM 900MHz 0.03-0.3 µW/cm2
50% 0.1 µW/cm2
1800MHz 0.01-0.1 3 µW/cm2

Source: Chris van Hoof, ISSCC 2008 Workshop.


Energy storage capacity of batteries
E t it f b tt i

• Energy storage density continuously
increases~1.5x/decade (~1.04x/year)
• Growth smaller if comparing to wireless
Growth smaller if comparing to wireless
(~1.4x/year), speed of microprocessors
(~1.7x/year) hard disc capacity storage
(~2.0x/year)



Trends…
T d

Source: Paul Wright, “Energy Scavenging/Harvesting,” CITRIS, 2008


Energy storage
E t



Agenda
A d

Comfort ti i ti
Reading (AMR)
• Tomorrow


Last b t
L t but perhaps most i
h t important !
t t

• E
Europe’s main challenges as id tifi d i th
’ i h ll identified in the
Strategic Research Agenda of the Photovoltaic (PV) platform
( with considerble contribution by Top Swiss Scientists):

• Transit from the PV modules to PV systems: ICT, Smart Grid
ICT
• Combine MNT with « traditional » PV for the next generation
• Rapid « lab to fab »


Conclusions
C l i

• Microtechnologies are already used f
h l l d d for energy management

• E
Enormous potentiel
t ti l
• Through Optimisation of small sources of entropy
• Through the usage of subsystems as tools to optimize systemically
the usage of subsystems as tools to optimize
• In integrating these tools

• Trend towards
• Device optimization extensively using Micro‐, Nano and ICT technologies
Micro , Nano and ICT technologies
• System integration


Thank you for your attention!

Micro and nano for energy

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie Micro and nano for energy

Ähnlich wie Micro and nano for energy (20)

Mehr von swissnex San Francisco

Mehr von swissnex San Francisco (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Micro and nano for energy