The document describes different types of earthwork equipment: wheel loaders, backhoes, excavators, scrapers, motor graders, rollers, and dump trucks. It provides details on the purpose and operation of loaders, backhoes, scrapers, excavators, graders, and various types of rollers used for soil compaction. Dump trucks are also mentioned as an alternative to scrapers for transporting excavated soil.

2. Different types 1.Wheel loaders.
2.Backhoes
of earth work 3.Excavators
4.Scrapers
5.Motor graders
equipment: 6.Rollers
7.Dump trucks.

3. A loader (also known as: bucket/
frontend/pay/scoop/skip/wheel
loader and or shovel.) is a type of
tractor, usually
wheeled, sometimes on
tracks, that has a front mounted
square wide bucket connected to
the end of two booms (arms) to
scoop up loose material from the
ground, such as dirt, sand or
gravel, and move it from one place
to another without pushing the
material across the ground.

4. The backhoe attachment is used to
dig up hard material and is often
used to dig trenches. It is hinged in
three places, making it resemble an
arm: a shoulder joint attached to the
tractor, an elbow sticking up in the
air, and a wrist, where a relatively
narrow bucket is attached. The
bucket is extended away from the
tractor, lowered, and filled by
dragging toward the tractor -- then
raised and moved to the side before
being dumped. Extending and
raising a backhoe reduces overall
stability, so before the backhoe is
used outriggers are extended for
safety.

5. In engineering, machine for moving
earth over short distances (up to
about two miles) over relatively
smooth areas. Either self-propelled or
towed, it consists of a wagon with a
gate having a bladed bottom. The
blade scrapes up earth as
the wagon pushes forward and forces
the excavated material into the wagon.
When the wagon is filled, the gate is
closed, and the material is carried to
the place of disposal. The scraper is
the dominant tool in highway
construction.

6. Excavators are machines with multiple
uses. They are primarily used for
digging, demolition, forestry
work, grading, landscaping, heavy lifting, and
brush cutting. The important features on
these heavy pieces of equipment are hydraulic
powered motors or rams, sealed cab on
rotating platform, head attachments (such as a
bucket), which are used for different
purposes. These attachments can change the
functionality of the machine instantly from a
trench digger to a logger. The rotating
platform adds convenience for other
machinery. For example a dump truck can be
located directly behind the excavator and it
can still easily deposit material by swinging
around on a 180 degree pivot.

7. A grader, also commonly referred to as
a road grader, a blade, a maintainer, or
a motor grader, is a construction machine
with a long blade used to create a flat
surface. Typical models have three axles
with the engine and cab situated above
the rear axles at one end of the vehicle
and a third axle at the front end of the
vehicle, with the blade in between. Some
construction personnel refer to the entire
machine as "the blade."
In civil engineering, the grader's purpose
is to "finish grade" (refine, set precisely)
the "rough grading" performed by heavy
equipment or engineering vehicles such
as scrapers and bull dozers

8. Rollers are machines used in the compaction
of soils after grading. Compaction reduces the
volume of air space in the soil. This
compaction increases the dry unit weight and
strength of the soil to better support
structures. This is a very important step, and
there are various tools to complete this task.
Rollers complete compaction using various
methods: Pressure, Impact, Vibration, and
Manipulation.

9. A Vibratory roller is a heavy machine similar
A sheep foot roller has almost hoof to a sheep foot or tamping roller but adds
like structures protruding from a vibration. It utilizes eccentric(alternating)
roller to offer pinpoint pressure as in weights and other methods to produce a
a herd of sheep was walking across vibration as it drops them against the soil with
the field. It offers a typical pressure a typical frequency of 1000-3500
value of 500lb/in^2 cycles, vibrating the soil to compaction.
Vibration is usually more effective in sandy
and gravelly soils. Can be effective up to 2m.
Sheep foot roller Vibratory roller

10. Dump Trucks - used instead of
scrapers when the soil is being
excavated by loaders. Most can
travel over public highways, and
move faster than scrapers