Wireless technologies and .11n

1. Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
IEEE 802.11 Technologies
Amer Hassan, Architect
amerh@microsoft.com

2. 2Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005

3. 3Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
The Vision – Dream Network
“Pervasive Collaborative Computing”
Faster and
More
Pervasive
More
Secure
Ease
At Home
More
Deployable
and
Manageable

4. Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Video

5. 5
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Wireless Standards
IEEE 802.15.3
UWB, Bluetooth
Wi-Media,
BTSIG, MBOA
WAN
MAN
LAN
PAN ETSI
HiperPAN
IEEE 802.11
Wi-Fi Alliance
ETSI-BRAN
HiperLAN2
IEEE 802.16d
WiMAX
ETSI HiperMAN &
HIPERACCESS
IEEE 802.20
IEEE 802.16e
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS)
3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000)
GSMA, OMA
SensorsIEEE 802.15.4
(Zigbee Alliance)
RFID
(AutoID Center)
IEEE802.21,IEEE802.18802.19
RAN
IEEE 802.22

6. 6Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Growing 802.11 Standards
802.11802.11
11a11a
11b11b
11c11c
11d11d
11e11e
11g11g
11h11h
11i11i
11j11j
11k11k
11n11n
11ma11ma
11f11f
11u11u
.11s, .11v, .11T,.11 r, .11p.11s, .11v, .11T,.11 r, .11p

7. 7Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Industry Status
• Increased interest in cellular/Wi-Fi handsets.
Choice split between .11a or .11g
• Price gap for .11g and .11a/g is decreasing
rapidly; .11b only devices on steep decline
• Voice over Wi-Fi becoming reality with technical
enhancements - WMM, .11i, .11k, .11r
• Security solutions acceptable (WPA2, PEAPv2);
security deployment issues being addressed
• Hotspot roaming agreements identified as critical
to carriers & ISPs
• Standardization started for 802.11n with 2 strong
proposals

8. 8Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
What is the situation?
Have not Deployed Wi-Fi Have Deployed Wi-Fi
Unable to justify ROI of a new
infrastructure
Justified ROI
• Saves on infrastructure & real estate
• Improves productivity in manufacture plants
• Allows flexible employee work practices
Concerned 802.11 security is not
adequate
Compensates for limits of current technology
• Regulates access via VPN, looking for WPA2
• Deployed secure technology EAP-TLS, .1X
Concerned 802.11 standards
unstable (11a, 11b, 11g…)
Deployed what meets current needs
• Planning to upgrade to .11a then .11 n
Concerned about managing another
network & provisioning users
Agrees management & diagnostic tools lacking
• Deployments are tightly controlled
• Not a show stopper compared to ROI
Waiting for the benefits to outweigh
the risks
Looking forward to making strategic investments
• VoIP & video streaming
• New customer services & products

9. 9Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Technology Wi-Fi WiMAX UWB Bluetooth 3GPP/2 RFID Zigbee
LAN for
Enterprise
- - - - - -
LAN for
Home
- - - - - -
Home
multiple A/V
distribution
- (audio
streaming)
- - -
Backhauling
and last mile
Propriet
ary sol’n
- - - - -
Wide Area
Mobility
- - - - -
Cable/device
Replacement
- - - -
Mesh
Networking
Enterp/
Home/N
Neighbor-
hood Mesh
Home
Mesh
- - - -
Sensor
Networking
- - - - - -
Inventory
Control
- - - -
Auto PC - -
Potential Wi-Fi Scenarios

10. Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
802.11 n and all that jazz…

11. 11Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
What do Home users want?
• Range: reliable wireless networking throughout
the home
• High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for
high quality audio and video
• Throughput!
• HDTV-720 in the US @ 16 Mbps (MPEG2)
• HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG2)
• Next generation Media Center will support 2
concurrent video streaming, and by .11n ratification 4
concurrent streaming
• For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture,
and Internet access, 100Mbps UDP level throughput is
easily consumed

12. 12
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Wireless outsold wired home networking gear for
the first time in 2004
2.8 2.7 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.7
2.6
4.6
6.9 9
11.3 12.3 13.6
0.9
14.3
10.7
12.5
13.2
9.3
5.4
7.3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Wired Only Wireless Total Purchase
USHomeNetworkingPurchases
(in millions)
Source: JupiterResearch Home Networking Model, 8/04 (US Only)

13. 13Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
What do service providers need?
• Highest possible consumer satisfaction…
consumers will blame the Service Provider
• QoS is primary requirement – video and high
throughput (mobile) data sessions
• Management capability to the devices
• Secure mobility support: Handoff & Mesh
• High rate for outdoor to indoor 150m operation

14. 14Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
What would make IT Pro excited?
• High return on investment
• High level of security
• Ease of deployment
• Manageability of clients and APs
• Diagnosis
• Highly available networking

15. 15Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Applications and target markets Transmission characteristics
Application Examples Type Rate Duration/
volume
Audio/Video 1 HDTV and DV viewing for
commercial & domestics use
Constant
(low jitter)
27 Mbps Hours
Audio/Video 2 SDTV viewing for commercial and
domestic use
Constant
(low jitter)
6 Mbps Hours
Audio/Video 3 Video conferencing with VoIP Constant
(low jitter)
2 Mbos < 1 hr
Interactive 1 Interactive gaming, Internet
Browsing, Email
Variable 2 Mbps 1 hr
Interactive 2 VoIP, Internet gaming Constant
with
intervals
.2 MB/s 1 min – 1 hr
Bulk transfer Flash downloads file transfer,
media transfer
Variable 30 Mbps 10 MB – 10
GB
General applications set forth by the Wi-Fi Alliance

16. 16Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
IEEE 802.11 Initiative: start of .11n
• Develop next generation Wi-Fi capable of much higher
throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least
100Mbps, as measured at the MAC data service access
point (SAP)
• Modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY)
and the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) are
allowed with baseline 802.11 & its amendments to
support high throughput
• Evaluation metrics: throughput, range, network
capacity, (peak and average power consumption),
spectral flexibility, backward compatibility, and
coexistence (3 channel models)

17. 17Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Environment Setting
Residential Intra-room, Room to room,
Indoor to outdoor, Large multi-
family dwelling
Small/medium office Enclosed office, meeting room,
classroom, bus, train
Large office Cubes, offices, multistory office
space
Large space: indoor/outdoor Hotspots: airport, library,
Convention Center, factory,
hospital
Channel models

18. 18Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Requirement Description
HT rate supported in 20MHz
channel
at least one mode of operation
supports 100Mbps throughput at
the top of the MAC SAP in a 20
MHz channel
Works in the 5 GHz bands Protocol supports 5GHz bands
(including those supported by .
11a)
.11a backwards compatibility Some of the modes of operation
defined in the proposal should be
backwards compatible with .11a
.11g backwards compatibility in 2.4 GHz, some of the modes of
operation defined in the proposal
should be backwards compatible
with .11g
Functional requirements of .11n

19. 19Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Requirement Description
.11e QoS support The proposal must permit
implementation of the 802.11e
options within a .11n STA
Spectral Efficiency The highest throughput mode of
the proposal should achieve a
spectral efficiency of at least 3
bps/Hz for the PSDU
Control of support for legacy
STA from .11n AP
A .11n AP can be configured to
reject or accept associations
from legacy STA because they
are legacy STA
Functional requirements of .11n (cont)

20. 20
Windows Networking and Device Technologies – Microsoft Confidential AmerH January 20, 2005
Link Level Throughput & Range
Range
80
15020
25
Throughput
Business
Infotainment
Services
throughput required in typical hotspot settings

21. 21Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
.11 n proposals
• 32 proposals, 4 complete (Sept 04, Nov 04)
• TGn Sync
• WWISE
• Motorola/Mitsubishi
• Qualcom
• Down select and merger (Jan 05)
• TGn Sync
• WWISE
• Further down select (March 05)
Qualcom and Mitsubishi merged with TGn Sync

22. 22Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Roadmap
• Activity started in Q4 ‘02
• Par/5 Criteria: March ’03
• Functional Requirements: Nov ‘03
• Usage Models: May ’04
• Comparison Criteria: May ‘04
• Proposals: Sept ’04
• … convergence, plug fests, beta, …
• Ratification: Sept ’06
• Wi-Fi Certification: Sept ‘06

23. 23Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Key Points TGn SYNC WWISE
Members Agere, Atheros
Cisco, Intel, Mitsubishi
Philips, Sony
Toshiba, Qualcom,
Nortel, Samsung,
Marvel, Panasonic,
Tohoku Univ, Nokia,
Infocom Research,
Sanyo
Broadcom, TI,
Airgo Networks,
Conexant, Buffalo,
Ralink, ETRI, HNS,
Realtek, STM,
TrellisWare, Winbond
Electronics
UDP data rate 200+ Mbps/40 MHz 100+ Mbps/20 MHz
MAC basic technology accommodate both
EDCA and HCCA
accommodate both
EDCA and HCCA
Packet sizes 0 to 64KB PSDUs 0 to 64KB PSDUs
IEEE 802.11n basics: 2 main proposals (TGn SYNC & WWISE)

24. 24Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Throughput enhancement
Features TGn Sync WWISE
Bandwidth (M) 20MHz mode
(M) 40MHz, whenever
regulatory domain permits this
extension
(M) 20 MHz mode
(O) 40 MHz mode
MIMO-OFDM-SDM (M) 2 spatial streams
@ 20MHz mode
(M) 2 spatial streams
@ 20MHz mode
Higher code rate (R) (M) R= ½, 2/3, ¾, 7/8 (M) R= ½, 2/3, ¾, 5/6
Regular coding scheme (M) Convolutional code (M) Convolutional code
Advanced Coding
scheme
(O) LDPC (O) LDPC
Space Time Block Code (N) (O)
(M) Mandatory (O) Optional (N) Not available

25. 25
Windows Networking and Device Technologies – Microsoft Confidential AmerH January 20, 2005
Preamble
+PLCP
Header
A-PSDU
Perform
aggregation
Legacy Burst
Preamble
PLCP
header
MPDU
Header
MPDU
Payload
FCS
Preamble
PLCP
header
MPDU
Header
MPDU
Payload
FCS
Preamble
PLCP
header
MPDU
Header
MPDU
Payload
FCS
SIFS SIFS
PSDU1 PSDU2 PSDU3
Preamble + PLCP headers + SIFS will be saved
Both proposals do some form of aggregation
Some overhead will be induced to identify each MPDU

26. 26Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
TGn Sync WWiSE
New control frames Y N
New data frame Y N
New mgt frame Y Y
M(P)SDU
Aggregation
Y Y
A-MSDU aggregation N Y
Aggregation

27. 27Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Wish list!
• Coexistence through Spectrum sharing
• Use of DFS, TPC, LBT, …
• Turbo coding
• Low gate count (200K), but IPR
• High gate count (800K), but no IPR
• Space-time block coding (Alamouti)
• Provides great performance
• Flexible architecture for closed loop
• Keep it simple!

28. 28Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Windows Wireless Strategy: Summary
Technology CY04-CY06
Investments
Challenges
WPAN:
802.15 (UWB),
Bluetooth
•BT PAN module
•UWB Strategic exploration
•Few BT PAN products
•No IP over UWB spec
•WW regulations for UWB
WLAN:
802.11
• Security
• WPS
• Extensibility
• Diagnostics
• Group Policy
•Fragmented user
experience
•Poor penetration in
enterprise
•Multiple auth protocols
•Several .11n proposals
WiMAX:
802.16
•Strategic exploration
•Extensibility
•802.16e roadmap

29. 29Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Call to action – drive best user experience!
• Usability: demand interoperability, and
improved UIs for wireless technologies
• Security: demand Standards based security
with 802.1X, PEAP & PEAP-SIM, and WPA1&2
• Availability & coexistence: share spectrum with
minimum interference
amerh@microsoft.com

30. Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Backup slides:
Wi-Fi Alliance and Certification

31. 31Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Alliance Mission Statement
• Certify the interoperability of products
and servicesand services based on IEEE 802.11
technologytechnology
• Grow the global marketGrow the global market for Wi-Fi®
CERTIFIED products and services across
all market segments, platforms, andplatforms, and
applicationsapplications

32. 32Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
New Certificate & Logo
Certificate inside packaging (optional)
• Logo on product
packaging (mandatory)
• Helps retailers and
consumers

33. 33
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Alliance Roadmap
Baseline
Security
QoS
Applications
Certification Program Releases
IEEE Standard Releases
Q1 Q2 Q4Q32005
802.11e
WMM
Scheduled Access
Public Access CE
Phase2
2004
Extended EAP
2006
802.11h+d
Simple Config
Voice/Wi-FiWCC
802.11j 802.11k
CE
Phase1
WMM Power Save

34. 34Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Worldwide Wi-Fi Semiconductor Revenues by
Application, 2003 - 2008 ($M)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Chip Inventory
Access
Points/Gateways/Bridges
Mobile PC
Desktop PC
Consumer Devices
Mobile Devices
Printers/MFPs
Aftermarket USB
Aftermarket PCI
Aftermarket NIC
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.

35. 35Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by
Standard, 2003 - 2008 ($M)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Dual Band (802.11a+b+g)
802.11a
802.11g
802.11b
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.

36. 36Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard*
WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
Dual Band
(802.11a+b+g)
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.
*Chart is estimate based on data in IDC Brief

37. 37Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in Consumer
Devices by Application (n = $611 M)
1.3%10.0%
11.5%
12.1%
65.1%
Gaming
Consoles/Handhelds
Digital TV
DVD Players
Digital
Cameras/Camcorders
Compressed Audio Players
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.