The document discusses various common skin problems and conditions: 1) Athlete's foot is a fungal infection, while boils and carbuncles are bacterial infections and inflammations of hair follicles. Blackheads and whiteheads are caused by blocked skin pores. 2) Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus. Contact dermatitis results from allergic or irritant exposure. Impetigo is a crusting skin infection caused by staph and strep bacteria. 3) Psoriasis causes red, scaly patches and has an unknown cause thought to be autoimmune. There are also discussions of burns, skin cancer detection using the ABCD rule, and

1. Warning: Graphic
Pictures
Ch 4 Integumentary System
III. Skin Problems

2. Skin Problems – infections,
allergies, or damages
A. Athlete’s Foot – mostly from fungal
infection

3. B. Boils & Carbuncles
Bacterial infection & inflammation of hair
follicle.
– Boil = 1
– Carbuncle = several connected boils

4. C. Black & Whiteheads
1. Blackheads - oil and dead skin cells
trapped in a oil pore, makeup
2. Whiteheads - flesh-or white-colored bumps
due to skin pore blockage; blockage is deeper
than blackhead (covered w/epithelium)

5. D. Cold Sores
1. Caused by
Herpes simplex
virus I
2. Common,
contagious,
incurable

6. E. Contact Dermatitis
1. Inflammatory response – red, itchy rash
2. Non-contagious
3. Chronic – long term, reoccuring
4. Caused by contact with allergens or irritants,
exposure to sunlight, or by poor circulation, even
stress.

7. F. Impetigo
1. Crusting skin infection
2. Caused by staph and strep bacteria
3. Pus filled blisters
4. Highly contagious

8. G. Psoriasis
1. Chronic – arms, knees, elbows, scalp
2. Red patches covered with white scales
3. Unknown cause; some think
autoimmune disorder
4. Triggered by trauma, infection, stress

9. H. Cyanosis
1. Blue skin, membranes, and/or nails
2. Due to reduced oxygen in blood

10. I. Burns
1.Tissue damage and cell death caused
by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or
chemicals
2. Associated dangers
a. Dehydration
b. Electrolyte imbalance
c. Circulatory shock

11. 3.Rules of Nines
a. Way to determine
the extent of burns
b. Body is divided
into 11 areas for
quick estimate
c. Each area
represents ~ 9%

13. 4. Burns are CRITICAL if…
1. Over 25% of body has 2nd degree
2. Over 10% has 3rd degree
3. 3rd degree burns on face, hands,
and/or feet
Electrical Contact Burn
Heat Burn
Scald Burn
Chemical Sunburn Inhale Burn

14. J. Skin Cancer
1. Abnormal cell mass
a. Benign
-does not spread
(encapsulated)
b. Malignant
-Metastasized (moves)
to other parts of body
Skin cancer is most common
type of cancer.

15. 2. Three common types of
Malignant Skin Cancer
a. Basal cell carcinoma
- least malignant
- Most common
- Arises from stratum basale
b. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- arises from stratum spinosum
- Metastasizes to lymph nodes
- Early removal allows a good chance of cure

16. c. Malignant Melanoma
- Most deadly
- Cancer of melanocytes
- Metastasizes rapidly to
lymph & blood vessels
- Detection uses ABCD
rule.

17. ABCD Rule
A = Asymmetry
– Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
B = Border irregularity
– Borders of mole are not smooth
C = Color
– Different colors in pigmented area
D = Diameter
– Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter