2. Google Penguin
First Announced in April 24, 2012
It Aimed at decreasing search engine rankings of websites
that violate Google’s Webmaster Guidelines
The guiding principle for the update was to penalize websites
using manipulative techniques to achieve high rankings
Few websites lost search rankings on Google for specific
keywords during the Panda and Penguin rollouts
3. Google Panda
Released in February 2011.
It aimed to lower the rank of "low-quality sites" or "thin sites
and return higher-quality sites near the top of the search
results.
After the Panda rollout, many websites, including Google's
webmaster forum, became filled with complaints of
scrapers/copyright infringers getting better rankings than
sites with original content.
Google Panda is a filter that prevents low quality sites and/or
pages from ranking well in the search engine results page.
4. Hummingbird
Google started using Hummingbird about 30 August 2013
Hummingbird is about synonyms but also about context
Hummingbird considers each word but also how each word
makes up the entirety of the query — the whole sentence or
conversation or meaning — is taken into account, rather than
particular words.